scholarly journals Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Urooj Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Fariha Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Pb Concentration

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.

The role of low molecular weight ligands in nickel hyperaccumulation in Hybanthus floribundus subspecies floribundus

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Kachenko ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Naveen Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Nickel Hyperaccumulation

The mechanisms responsible for nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulation in Hybanthus floribundus (Lindl.) F.Muell. subspecies floribundus are obscure. In this study, organic acids and free amino acids (AAs) were quantified in 0.025 M HCl H. floribundus subsp. floribundus shoot extracts using HPLC and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). In a 20 week pot experiment, plants exposed to five levels of Ni (0–3000 mg kg–1 Ni) accumulated up to 3200 mg Ni kg–1 dry weight in shoots, and the shoot : root Ni concentration ratios were >1.4. Concentration of organic acids followed the order malic acid > citric acid > oxalic acid. Citric acid concentration significantly increased upon Ni exposure, with concentrations between 2.3- and 5.9-fold higher in Ni treated plants that in control plants. Molar ratios of Ni to citric acid ranged from 1.3 : 1 to 1.7 : 1 equivalent to >60% of the accumulated Ni. Malic acid concentration also increased upon exposure to applied Ni. However, concentrations were statistically at par across 0–3000 mg kg–1 Ni treatments, suggesting that the production of malic acid is a constitutive property of the subspecies. Total AA concentrations were stimulated upon exposure to external Ni treatment, with glutamine, alanine and aspartic acids being the predominant acids. These AAs accounted for up to 64% of the total free AA concentration in control plants and up to 75% for the 2000 mg kg–1 Ni treatment plants. These results suggest that citric acid in addition to the aforementioned AAs are synthesised in H. floribundus subsp. floribundus plants following exposure to elevated concentrations of Ni and may act as potential ligands for detoxification and possibly storage of accumulated Ni.

scholarly journals Role of some fungal biocontrol agents to protect foliar of cucumber plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Abdul N. A. Matroud ◽  
Thakaa F. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

This study aimed to find biological factors that increase plant growth and thus the resistance of shoot fungi away from the use of chemical pesticides. The study included isolation of a large group of soil fungi Surrounding the roots of the cucumber plant grown in the greenhouse. The results of study showed the ability of fungal isolates to dissolve the phosphorus component in medium NBRIP under shaking incubated conditions. The treatment of Aspergillus niger reduced the pH after 5, 10, 15 days of incubation an average of 3.760, 3.763, 2.947 respectively. The laboratory fungal isolates have also showed their ability to produce the hormone acetic acid IAA. The results showed an increase in growth parameters of plants treated with the biological resistance fungi A. niger and T. koningi2 by increasing the wet and dry weight of the shoots and roots. The results of the peroxide enzyme estimate also confirmed the increase of this enzyme due to the biological resistance fungi as the treatment of A. niger reached 0.02067 compared to the comparison treatment, it reached 0.01333. This is an indication of the increased induction of systemic resistance in the cucumber plant, as the pathogenic fungi were not recorded on the plants treated with the biological resistance fungi, and A. alternata was recorded on the comparison treatment.

scholarly journals Role of Cystoseira mediterranea extracts (Sauv.) in the Alleviation of salt stress adverse effect and enhancement of some Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) growth parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Bensidhoum ◽  
El-hafid Nabti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

AbstractCystoseira mediterranea (Sauv.) extract was tested for its ability to restore barley (Hordeum vulgare) growth under salt stress (350 mM NaCl), shoot growth; membrane integrity; lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide determination were performed. In normal conditions, the obtained data revealed the ability of the extract to stimulate most of barley growth parameters. However, it showed significant effect on most of barley growth parameters (plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots) and chlorophyll content, under salt stress. The measurement of stress parameters (membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide) revealed significant effect of C. mediterranea extract on reducing the deleterious impact of salt stress on barley seedlings.

scholarly journals The Application of Citric Acid in Combination with Some Micronutrients Increases the Growth, Productivity and a Few Chemical Constituents of Maize (Zea Mays) Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Seif El-Yazal
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Free Phenol ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids

The objective of this investigation was to study the helpful effects of foliar application with antioxidant citric acid in combos with some micronutrients on growth, yield and a few chemical constituents of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The plants were grown up in clay soil, and foliar sprayed with eleven treatments (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5%) of combined fertilizer (citrine) which contains (15% citric acid, 2% Fe, 2% Mn and 2% Zn). The obtained results indicated generally that each one studied vegetative growth parameters (i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves /plant, dry weight of leaves) similarly as grain yield /fed. and some of their components (i.e. ear length, ear diameter, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row, grain weight/ear, weight of 100 grain and ear weight/plant) and some chemical constituents of leaves (chlorophyll a, b, total caroteniods, anthocyanin, total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) and grain protein %, were accrued with application of the various treatments. The maximum values were obtained from the treatment of 0.3%. On the contrary citrine treatments minimized reducing sugars and free phenol in leaves as compared to the control. The simplest results were obtained by the application of citrine treatment at 0.3%. Hence, it can recommend using citrine fertilizers as foliar application at the speed of 0.3% for improving growth, yield and chemical constituents of maize plants.

scholarly journals Interaction between cadmium and iron. Accumulation and distribution of metals and changes in growth parameters of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siedlecka ◽  
Zbigniew Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Nutritional Element

The interaction between cadmium, one of the most toxic heavy metals, and iron, an essential plant nutritional element, was investigated in <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L. (cv. Słowianka) seedlings. The interaction was externally induced by changing the content of both metals in the nutrient medium. Under iron deficiency conditions (0 and 0.5 of normal dose of this element), the toxic effects of cadmium on plant growth parameters, like fresh and dry weight accumulation, primary leaves area, etc., were generally much more pronounced than under normal iron supply. At normal and excess iron supply (1, 2 and 4 doses) cadmium diminished iron accumulation in roots and primary leaves, but on the other hand excess iron decreased cadmium level, preventing plants from extreme toxicity of very high cadmium concentrations in the growth environment. It is to be noted that iron is classified also as a heavy metal, and its excess may become toxic, e.g. decreasing root dry weight or diminishing leaf area, especially at the highest dose. The detoxication role of iron against cadmium, and possibly other toxic metals is, however, limited to concentrations of this element in the nutrient solution which themselves are not toxic for the organism.

Accumulation of microelements by different invertebrate trophic groups on wasted lands

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Didur ◽  
Yu. L. Kulbachko ◽  
V. Y. Gasso
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Ore Dressing ◽  
Processing Enterprise

<p>The problem of transformation of natural landscapes resulted from the negative technogenic impact is highlighted. It is shown that mining enterprises are powerful anthropo-technical sources of organic and inorganic toxicants entering the environment. Their wastes pollute all components of the ecosystems and negatively influence human health by increasing a risk of disease. The nature of the accumulation of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb) by invertebrate animals of various functional groups under conditions of anthropo-technogenic pressure was studied. The sample plots were located on self-overgrowing sites with ruderal vegetation located in the immediate vicinity of the Mangan ore-dressing and processing enterprise (Dnipropetrovsk region). It is quite naturally that among the studied biogenic microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni), the phyto-, zoo-, and saprophages in the investigated zone of technogenic pollution most actively accumulate Fe:<em> </em>22758, 17516 and 18884 mg/kg dry weight on average, respectively. There are significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of studied microelements between saprophages and phytophages. The saprophages accumulate such trace metals as Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd in high quantities, but Ni and Pb – in smaller ones. The saprophagous functional group of invertebrates is an active agent of detritogenesis, in the conditions of modern nature management it acts as a powerful element of ecosystem engineering (habitat transformation), the main ecological role of which is to modify the habitat of other soil biota. In addition, the saprophages fulfil their concentrating geochemical function. They actively participate in the most important soil biochemical process: the formation of humus, the migration of microelements along trophic chains, the biological cycle in general, and provide such supporting ecosystem services as increasing soil fertility and nutrient cycling.</p>

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Planning

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1831-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Roesner ◽  
E. H. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
System Modeling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The U.S

Increased concern regarding water quality impacts from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in the U.S. and elsewhere has emphasized the role of computermodeling in analyzing CSO impacts and in planning abatement measures. These measures often involve the construction of very large and costly facilities, and computer simulation during plan development is essential to cost-effective facility sizing. An effective approach to CSO system modeling focuses on detailed hydraulic simulation of the interceptor sewers in conjunction with continuous simulation of the combined sewer system to characterize CSOs and explore storage-treatment tradeoffs in planning abatement facilities. Recent advances in microcomputer hardware and software have made possible a number of new techniques which facilitate the use of computer models in CSO abatement planning.

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