scholarly journals Genotypic characterization and genome comparison reveal insights into potential vaccine coverage and genealogy of Neisseria meningitidis in military camps in Vietnam

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9502
Author(s):  
Trang Thu Le ◽  
Thach Xuan Tran ◽  
Long Phi Trieu ◽  
Christopher M. Austin ◽  
Huong Minh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genome Comparison ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
The Military ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Sequence Types

Background Neisseria meningitidis remains the main cause of sporadic meningitis and sepsis in military camps in Vietnam. Yet, very limited molecular data of their genotypic and epidemiological characteristics are available from Vietnam, and particularly the military environment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has proven useful for meningococcal disease surveillance and guiding preventative vaccination programs. Previously, we characterized key genetic and epidemiological features of an invasive N. meningitidis B isolate from a military unit in Vietnam. Here, we extend these findings by sequencing two additional invasive N. meningitidis B isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two meningitis cases at another military unit and compared their genomic sequences and features. We also report the sequence types and antigenic profiles of 25 historical and more recently emerged N. meningitidis isolates from these units and other units in proximity. Methods Strains were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform, de novo assembled and annotated. Genomes were compared within and between military units, as well as against the global N. meningitidis collection and other isolates from the Southeast Asia region using PubMLST. Variations at the nucleotide level were determined, and phylogenetic relationships were estimated. Antigenic genotypes and vaccine coverage were analyzed using gMATS and PubMLST. Susceptibility of isolates against commonly used antibiotic agents was examined using E-test. Results Genome comparison revealed a high level of similarity among isolates both within and between units. All isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol and carried identical catP gene with other Southeast Asian isolates, suggesting a common lineage. Their antigenic genotypes predicted no coverage by either Bexsero®or Trumenba®, and nucleotide variation analysis revealed diverse new, unassigned alleles at multiple virulence loci of all strains. Groups of singleton and unique novel sequence types extending beyond individual camps were found from epidemiological data of 25 other isolates. Our results add to the sparse published molecular data of N. meningitidis in the military units in Vietnam, highlight their diversity, distinct genetic features and antibiotic resistance pattern, and emphasize the need for further studies on the molecular characteristics of N. meningitidis in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis isolated in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Zhang ◽  
Zhujun Shao ◽  
E Yang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Xingye Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Close Contacts

An increase in the number of serogroup C meningococcal disease cases occurred in China from September 2003 to January 2006 as a result of several successive outbreaks. In addition, the proportion of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis isolates from sporadic cases and carriers has also increased. In this study, 113 serogroup C meningococcal isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PorA typing. These isolates comprised those from outbreak cases and their close contacts, the national carriage survey conducted during the same period and some historical isolates from 1966–2002. Twenty MLST sequence types (STs) and 21 PorA variable region (VR) types were identified in the collection. The ST-4821 complex, a newly identified lineage, was the most prevalent lineage (95/113). These data also showed a high level of diversification of serogroup C isolates, as indicated by the number of variants of the ST-4821 clone and the VR types present. There were ten PorA VR types among the ST-4821 isolates, and certain VR types (P1.7-2,14, P1.12-1,16-8) were associated with isolates from outbreak cases. The results of this study allow us to draw a profile of the molecular characteristics of serogroup C strains in China. These data are helpful for monitoring the spread of virulent strains and will provide valuable information for the prevention of bacterial meningitis in China.

scholarly journals Automatic Identification of Products – A Way of Streamlining the Logistical Support of the Military Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Sorin Pînzariu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Military Exercises ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
And Training

Abstract The new products provided by the development of information technology (scanners, barcodes, RFIDs, etc.) can currently provide methods and techniques towards achieving important savings in terms of management of logistical support of military units, especially in terms of efficiency in providing material goods to combat forces that are preparing and training through military exercises. I set out to make an “x-ray” of this way of improving the logistical support, especially through the method of identification by labels that use radiofrequency (Radio Frequency Identification/RFID).

scholarly journals Detection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Computer Vision Methods: A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 220-221 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Stanisław Hożyń ◽  
Marcin Przybysz
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

AbstractDetection of small objects in the airspace is a crucial task in the military. In the era of today’s unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) technology, many military units are exposed to recognition and observation through flying objects. They are often equipped with optoelectronic warhead making a way to collect essential and secret data of the military unit. Modern technical solutions make it possible to implement some methods facilitating detection of flying objects. A lot of them utilize computer vision techniques based on image processing algorithm. Therefore, in this article, we present an analysis of the most promising algorithm for detection of small flying objects.

scholarly journals QUALITY CONTROL OF PURCHASED GOODS, WORKS AND SERVICES FOR THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Naumenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Military Units

The purpose of the article is to create methodological bases for increasing the competitive position of organizations for tender procurement to meet the needs of units of the National Guard of Ukraine. Research methods are the use of optimization economic and mathematical models and computer simulation. In the article, by involving representatives of the command of the National Guard of Ukraine, an expert assessment of the impact of various factors in the specific conditions of the procurement process for the needs of logistics of military units. The degree of importance of each of the factors became the basis for the creation of a methodology for interaction of the partner organization with the relevant military unit. In turn, the proposed technique became the theoretical basis for the development of Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 decision support system. This information system helps to support management decisions to improve the effectiveness of the organization's interaction with the military unit of the NMU. The created prototype of the decision support system should be used to solve in the mode of dialogue poorly structured tasks of interaction of the organization with the military unit, which are characterized by incomplete input data, lack of existing standard procedures, incomplete clarity of goals and limitations. In global conditions, improving the competitiveness of the organization in terms of tender procurement will save the defence budget, will be an effective means of preventing corruption in the field of defence procurement, will create favourable conditions for the development of a competitive environment in public procurement and fair competition. The theoretical result of the article is the method of ensuring the competitiveness of the organization in terms of tender procurement for the needs of military units of the National Guard of Ukraine. The practical result is to substantiate the ways to increase the efficiency of the organization on the basis of ensuring competitiveness in terms of tender procurement for the needs of military units of the National Guard of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and liver test disorder in patients during the Covid-19 outbreak in the Military Unit: A single-center pilot study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Avci ◽  
Onur Akhan ◽  
Isa Ardahanli ◽  
Erkin oztas ◽  
Selcuk Disibeyaz
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Liver Test ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Crowded Environments

Abstract BackgroundAlthough Covid-19 is often a disease presenting with respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can also be seen. Also, there may be disruptions in liver enzyme during the disease. In our study, we aimed to investigate the extent of the military co-epidemic during the Covid-19 epidemic process and the frequency of GI symptoms and liver test disorders.MethodsThe demographic, radiological, laboratory, and clinical analysis of the soldiers diagnosed Covid-19 with real-time polymerase chain reaction, was carried out retrospectively in March, April, and May of 2020.ResultsCovid-19 was detected in 17 (0.7%) of the 2152 soldiers coming from different cities to perform their military service, in the following days after being recruited, in 9 (0.4%) of the soldiers. While 1 (0.3%) of 320 senior military and 2 (3.6%) soldiers from 56 other soldiers who came to the unit from other units were also diagnosed with Covid-19.The mean age was 21.2 ± 1.8. In Torax CT, only 4 (13.7%) patients had pneumonia. At the time of diagnosis, 6.8% of the patients had GI symptoms and 13.7% of them had liver enzyme disruption. None of the patients experienced respiratory failure, intensive care, and death, and all patients recovered.ConclusionIn the literature, our study is the first study to investigate the Covid-19 outbreak in the military unit in the world and the frequency of GI symptoms and liver enzyme disruptions in these patients. In our study, Covid-19 was milder in the young population and we found that GI symptom and liver test disorder were observed less frequently. Covid-19 outbreak can be taken under control by fast and accurate triage and suitable isolation for those with suspected disease, in environments where many people such as military units will live close together. Especially in patients with GI symptoms, Covid-19 should always be kept in mind and early isolation of patients can prevent the spread of the epidemic in such crowded environments.

scholarly journals Proposed Standardization of Neisseria meningitidis PorA Variable-Region Typing Nomenclature

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio T. Sacchi ◽  
Ana P. S. Lemos ◽  
Mary E. Brandt ◽  
Anne M. Whitney ◽  
Carmo E. A. Melles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Classification Schemes

ABSTRACT Neisseria meningitidis isolates are conventionally classified by serosubtyping, which characterizes the reactivities of the PorA outer membrane protein variable-region (VR) epitopes with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A newer method (PorA VR typing) uses predicted amino acid sequences derived from DNA sequence analysis. The resulting classification schemes are not standardized, offering conflicting and sometimes irreconcilable data from the two methods. In this paper, we propose a standardization of the PorA VR typing nomenclature that incorporates serologic information from traditional PorA serosubtyping with molecular data from predicted VR sequences. We performed a comprehensive literature and database search, generating a collection of strains and DNA sequences that reflects the diversity within PorA that exists to date. We have arranged this information in a comprehensive logical model that includes both serosubtype and PorA VR type assignments. Our data demonstrate that the current panel of serosubtype-defining MAbs underestimates PorA VR variability by at least 50%. Our proposal for VR typing is informative because amino acid sequence and serologic information, when serosubtype-defining MAbs are available, can be deduced simultaneously from the PorA VR designation. This scheme will be useful in future classification and applied epidemiologic studies of N. meningitidis, being a systematic way of selecting PorA vaccine candidates and analyzing vaccine coverage and failure.

The Application of the Case-Based Reasoning Method in the Analysis of Battlespace Command Decision-Making

2012 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 859-863
Author(s):  
Xue Song Tang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Zhan Jun Niu ◽  
Bo Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Characteristic Element ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
Case Base ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Case Based

In this paper, we use the case-based reasoning method to build the battlefield and military unit hierarchy reasoning model. The military unit level and multiple military entities at different levels were compared with the case base, said that the characteristic element of the battlefield and military units were collected applied to different levels in the case base , its results are provided automatically for each output and modify. We may construct the evolution model of a battlefield situation for analysis, reasoning and prediction, so as to provide the basis to commanders for decision-making.

MATERIAL RESOURCES IN THE MILITARY LOGISTICS SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
V. Makhankov ◽  
A. Maltsev ◽  
A. Kupriniuk ◽  
V. Obertas
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Military Logistics ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Material Separation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

The current stage of reforming the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AF) confirms that the crisis in the country's economy has significantly affected the system of logistics of troops, which ensures its main task – to maintain the combat readiness of military units and ensure their livelihood in peacetime. The war in the east of the country and the existing state of providing troops showed the need to improve the organization and management of the process of logistical (technical, rear and medical) provision of training and combat use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is currently in the phase of perspective changes and necessitates the development of a new concept of military information management and logistical flows, which will be implemented by a new, more efficient structure, called the "military logistics system". The purpose of the article is to determine the directions for the creation and accumulation of an optimal nomenclature of stocks of material resources in peacetime and their rational separation at the tactical, operational and strategic levels of management. The article describes the contents of the concepts of "logistics", "echelon", "stocking", "operational accounting". Important tasks of modern conditions of process of creation and management of stocks in the course of reforming of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are systematized; variants of the offered models of inventory management are outlined. The goal is achieved through theoretical and experimental research on volume optimization and material separation at all levels of management, which is one of the key problems of military logistics.

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