scholarly journals Gastrointestinal and Extra-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical (c-KIT) Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parasappa Joteppa Yaranal ◽  
N Prasanna ◽  
Anantharao Shankar Anand
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Pain Abdomen ◽  
Bleeding Per Rectum ◽  
Malignant Gists ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) is one of the most common mesenchymal tumours of GIT. They have been proved to be arising from the smooth muscle pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal, these cells are involved in gut motility and peristaltic movements. They can also rarely arise outside the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) from retroperitoneum, mesentery and omentum called as Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (EGIST). Single best defining feature of GIST is positivity for Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinase (c-KIT). Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse clinicopathological features and c-KIT expression in both gastrointestinal and EGISTs. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational (cohort) study; over a period of two years from January 2018 to December 2019, done at Navodaya Medical College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, which comprised of 12 cases of GIST. All the cases were a resected specimens and thorough evaluation of clinical, imaging and histopathological studies were done and forwarded for immunohistochemistry for c-KIT expression. Results: Age of cases ranged from 04-70 years, mean age being 50.6 years and male to female ratio 2:1. Presenting symptoms of most of GIST were pain abdomen, diarrhea and few with vomiting whereas, rectosigmoid GISTs (2 cases and one with metastasis to liver) were associated with pain abdomen, bleeding per rectum and constipation. One case of retroperitoneal (extraintestinal) GIST was asymptomatic and other presented with pain in the right hip due to secondaries and one benign gastric serosal GIST was associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. The CT scan in two of malignant GISTs, confirmed metastasis and c-KIT study was negative in these 2 malignant GISTs. Conclusion: This study reaffirms importance of CD117 in diagnosis of GIST and EGIST, however, the negativity of CD117 does not rule out GIST, which requires thorough clinico-radiological and pathological correlation.

scholarly journals Case of a Giant Prolactinoma Measuring Greater Than 10 CM in a Post-Menopausal Woman

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A575-A575
Author(s):  
Nasvin Imamudeen ◽  
Aiman Zafar ◽  
Shankar Bettadahalli
Keyword(s):  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary adenomas. Macroprolactinoma is the name used for tumors when their size exceeds 1 cm and giant prolactinomas are those that exceeds 4 cm. Females are more commonly reported to have microprolactinomas with female-to-male ratio of 20:1, on the contrary macroprolactinomas are usually diagnosed in men aged 20-50 years with a reported male-to-female ratio of 9:1. We are presenting the case of a 63-year-old female with history of cataracts and hypertension who presented with complaints of progressive decrease in vision in both of her eyes (right greater than left) for several months and declining night vision without headache. Her only other symptoms were tiredness and cold intolerance. A detailed visual exam led to the findings of bitemporal hemianopsia and possible right optic neuropathy. Her neurological exam otherwise was intact. Subsequently contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a large sellar and suprasellar mass measuring greater than 10 cm x 6 cm in size invading right cavernous sinus, surrounding vessels and compressing optic chiasm with extension into the right temporal lobe, left frontal lobe and subfalcine shift to the right. Laboratory studies indicated elevated prolactin level of 4932 ng/mL (2.8 - 29.2 ng/mL) consistent with prolactinoma. Pituitary hormone function testing revealed suppressed gonadotropins, subnormal ACTH stimulation test and central hypothyroidism. She was started on medical therapy with cabergoline. At one month follow-up, serum prolactin level significantly decreased to 136.2 ng/mL but the size of the mass did not significantly decrease on follow up brain MRI. Patient currently wants to try medical management alone. Conclusion: Macroprolactinomas measuring >4 cm are rare, accounting for only 1–5% of all prolactinomas and are more commonly seen in men, however they can be seen in postmenopausal women as well. Headaches and visual field disturbances are common presenting symptoms due to compressive effect and warrant further investigation with MRI of the brain. Medical therapy alone can sometimes suffice and surgery is a second line option as it confers morbidity risks.

scholarly journals Histopathological study of endometrium in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3497
Author(s):  
Malarvizhi Loganathan ◽  
Meera Krishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Histological Change ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Secretory Endometrium

Background: This study was undertaken to study the endometrial histology in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of palpable pelvic pathology, which helps in choosing the right modality of treatment in a particular age group with a specific histological change. The study of endometrium in dysfunctional uterine bleeding was undertaken to correlate clinical presentations with histopathological studies and to correlate the distribution of histopathological findings in various age groups.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Govt. Dharmapuri Medical College and Hospital during the period 01.07.2017 to 31.05.2018. Patients presenting to Govt. Dharmapuri Medical College and Hospital with abnormal uterine bleeding form the material of this study. Cases have been selected by using purposive sampling technique.Results: An ovulatory cycles were more common than ovulatory cycles in all age group. However, in patients with menorrhagia and polymenorrhagia majority had secretory endometrium (ovulatory cycles).Conclusions: Majority of the patients were found in the reproduction age group with the maximum percentage in multiparous women. Menorrhagia was the commonest mode of presentation in all age group. Most of the patients with proliferative and secretory endometrium had normal sized uterus and normal looking endometrium.

Evaluation of Demographic and Clinical Presentation of Colorectal Carcinoma in Rajshahi Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Monira Parveen ◽  
SM Asafudullah ◽  
Md Nowshad Ali ◽  
Khadiza Khanom ◽  
Arefa Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was carried out for a period of 24 months from January 2014 to December 2015 in the Department of Pathology and Department of Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi for evaluation of clinical and histological presentation of colorectal carcinoma patients in total fifty four patient. Data were collected by face to face interview, clinical examination. The study revealed that the colorectal carcinoma was highest in the 5th and 6th decade and rectal area (46.3%) and male predominance was observed with male to female ratio being 3:2. Abdominal pain (61.1%), weight loss (61.1%), per rectal bleeding (57.4%), altered bowel habit (24.1%) and melena (24.1%) are the main presenting symptoms. In terms of ABO blood grouping, blood group ‘B’ was found predominant (44.4%), followed by group ‘A’ (24.1%), group ‘AB’ (14.8%) and group ‘O’ (16.7%). TAJ 2020; 33(2): 15-19

scholarly journals Ear Foreign Body: A Study of 148 Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Jahangir Alam Mazumder ◽  
Rafiqul Islam Sarker ◽  
AHM Delwar ◽  
Kamrunnahar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Ear foreign body is a common ENT emergency and a challenge also to otolaryngologist worldwide. Prompt and appropriate management of it can reduce the morbidity. An observational retrospective study of 148 cases of foreign body in the ear done in Comilla Medical College Hospital and two upazilla health complexes (Nangalkot and Chowddagram) of Bangladesh within the period of January 2014 to December 2014 to evaluate the nature, mode of presentation, technique of removal and outcome of it. Data were collected from hospital records including age, sex of patient and mode and time of presentation, nature of foreign body, management outcome and complication, and the result showed that children o funder 15 year age group were mostly affected (60%), among them highest incidence were in 5-10 year age group (25%) with male to female ratio 1:1.28. The most common foreign body was the seeds of various vegetables (25.67%) followed by plastic beads (18.24%) and cotton bud (15.54%), the right ear affected more (54%). Almost half of them (47.97%) presented with history of insertion of a foreign body and most of them (91.98%) were removed in OPD or emergency department under direct vision and remaining required general anesthesia. Despite a high proportion of cases managed in the office setting, complication rates were within acceptable level. It is inversely proportional to the skill of the personnel, number of attempts &availability of equipment. Key to successful outcome are prompt help by well-trained doctor and otolaryngological equipment set up.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(2): 5-8

scholarly journals Study on Diagnostic Evaluation of Pancytopenic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Md Rezaul Karim Chowdhury ◽  
Md Haroon Ur Rashid ◽  
Amina Begum ◽  
Shamimur Rahman ◽  
Md Momenuzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Erythroid Hyperplasia ◽  
Medicine Today

Introduction: Pancytopenia is a common hematological problem with an extensive differential diagnosis and is a challenging problem to the treating physician. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is an important diagnostic test for patient management. The objective of this study is to find out the incidence various causes of pancytopenia in patients attending to the Enam medical college hospital in savar. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the department of haematology, Enam Medical College Hospital (EMCH) from July 2012 to June 2019. Results: In our study out of 66 patients, 36 (54.55%) were male, 30 (45.45%) were female and male to female ratio were 1.2:1.Generalized weakness 47 (71.21%) and fever 23 (34.85%) were the most common presenting symptoms followed by bleeding 17 (25.76%), weight loss 6 (12.12%), bodyache 6 (9.09%). Most common clinical findings were anemia 57 (86.36%) and bone tenderness 22 (33.33%). Other physical findings were purpura/brusing 13 (19.70%), splenomegaly 10 (15.15%), lymphadenopathy 4 (6.06%) and hepatomegaly 3 (4.55%). Hematological malignancy 29 (43.94%) and hypoplastic marrow 26 (39.39%) were the most common bone marrow finding of pancytopenic patients followed by megaloblastic anaemia 4 (6.06%), leishmaniasias 5 (7.58), and erythroid hyperplasia 2 (3.03%). Acute myeloid leukaemia was the common haematological malignancy 16 (24.24%), others were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 5 (7.58%). Myelodysplastic syndrome 3 (4.55%), multiple myeloma 4 (6.06%), chronic myelogenous leukaemia in blastic crisis 1 (1.52%). Conclusion: So we concluded that complete workup is essential for all cases of pancytopenia to find out the treatable cases and to reduce the motality and morbidity in serious diseases. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 58-61

scholarly journals A clinical study of gastric outlet obstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin K. ◽  
R. Lakshmi Visruja
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Barium Meal ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Meal Study

Background: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in developing countries to a Surgeon. Gastric outlet obstruction, a clinical condition impeding emptying of stomach mechanically, can be due to varied etiology. This study was taken up to know the etiological factors and management.Methods: This was a descriptive prospective study done at Madurai Medical College for a period of 2 years from September 2009 to August 2011. A set of inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and followed. Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy (OGD) was done in all cases while Barium meal study was done in few cases to make the diagnosis. Relevant operative procedure was done, and patients were managed post operatively.Results: Cicatrised Duodenal ulcer (DU) was the commonest cause followed by Carcinoma Pyloric antrum (Ca PA). Majority of the patients were males (67.5%) with male to female ratio of 2.07:1. Vomiting was one of the major presenting symptoms in all the patients.Conclusions: Cicatrised DU was the commonest cause for GOO in present study. Present study highlights the increasing incidence of Ca PA. This could be due to better management of DU at an early stage.

Utility of Tolonium Chloride Rinse in the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman ◽  
Kazi Nurjahan ◽  
AS Gazi Sharifuddin ◽  
SK Ballav
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Biopsy Report ◽  
Patient Side ◽  
Tolonium Chloride

Background: Oral cancer burden in developing countries is huge. In Bangladesh and India incidence were 10.6% and 10.4% respectively on 2018. At the same time worldwide incident was only 2%. Majority patients present at advanced stage and their survival rate is poor. Diagnostic delay from patient side and health delivery system side is significantly longer and it is more in developing countries. Like other malignancy early diagnosis can save a lot of these patient. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Khulna Medical College Hospital from July 2017 to July 2019. Patients who will meet the criteria for this prospective study and capable and willing to give informed consent were enrolled. 20 second rinse/gargle with 10ml of 1% Tolonium chloride solution was done. Biopsy were taken from stained lesion, biopsy report were compared with TC stained lesions. Results: Out of 1650 patients in our outdoor department for various problem and only 30 cases were selected for this study according to selection criteria. Of 30 patients, 18 (60%) were male and 12 (40%) were female. The male-to-female ratio was 3:2. It was found that the sensitivity of 1% Tolonium Chloride rinse for oral precancer and cancer detection was 83.33%, whereas the specificity was 84.21%. Conclusion: Tolonium chloride rinse is a good screening test for oral cancer diagnosis with sensitivity 83.33% and specificity 84.21%. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 11-17

scholarly journals Primary Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Liver with Cystic Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Takashi Tashiro ◽  
Fumihiro Uwamori ◽  
Yukiomi Nakade ◽  
Tadahisa Inoue ◽  
Yuji Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Past History ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
First Case ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
Multiple Bone Metastases ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are known to originate specifically from the intestinal cells of Cajal located in the gastrointestinal mesenchyme. GISTs developing outside of the digestive tract have barely been reported. We encountered a first case of large primary GISTs in the liver with cystic changes. A 63-year-old man with a past history of brain infarction visited our hospital. The computed tomography (CT) revealed a 6-cm and a 10-cm mass in the right and the caudal lobe of the liver, respectively. These tumors have marginal enhancement in the arterial phase; however, they presented as hypodense in the internal tumor sites. Both liver tumors had cystic changes. Gastrointestinal examinations using endoscopy revealed no other gastrointestinal tumors, and [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/CT revealed multiple bone metastases in addition to the liver tumors. The liver tumor specimens were composed of spindle cells, and the immunohistochemical staining for c-Kit and for DOG1, as discovered on GIST, was positive. The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic GIST with cystic changes.

scholarly journals LINC-28. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SURVIVAL OUTCOMES OF CHILDREN WITH MEDULLOBLASTOMA TREATED AT THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (INCA) IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii383-iii384
Author(s):  
Gabriela Oigman ◽  
Diana Osorio ◽  
Joseph Stanek ◽  
Jonathan Finlay ◽  
Denizar Vianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Standard Risk

Abstract BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB), the most malignant brain tumor of childhood has survival outcomes exceeding 80% for standard risk and 60% for high risk patients in high-income countries (HIC). These results have not been replicated in low-to-middle income countries (LMIC), where 80% of children with cancer live. Brazil is an upper-middle income country according to World Bank, with features of LMIC and HIC. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 126 children (0–18 years) diagnosed with MB from 1997 to 2016 at INCA. Data on patients, disease characteristics and treatment information were retrieved from the charts and summarized descriptively; overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier Method. RESULTS The male/female ratio was 1.42 and the median age at diagnosis was 7.9 years. Headache (79%) and nausea/vomiting (75%) were the most common presenting symptoms. The median time from onset of symptoms to surgery was 50 days. The OS for standard-risk patients was 69% and 53% for high-risk patients. Patients initiating radiation therapy within 42 days after surgery (70.6% versus 59.6% p=0.016) experienced better OS. Forty-five patients (35%) had metastatic disease at admission. Lower maternal education correlated with lower OS (71.3% versus 49% p=0.025). Patients who lived >40km from INCA fared better (OS= 68.2% versus 51.1% p=0.032). Almost 20% of families lived below the Brazilian minimum wage. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that socioeconomic factors, education, early diagnosis and continuous data collection, besides oncological treatment must be adressed to improve the survival of children with MB.

Schwannoma of the Zygomatic Branch of the Facial Nerve

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110412
Author(s):  
Adamantios Kilmpasanis ◽  
Nikolaos Tsetsos ◽  
Alexandros Poutoglidis ◽  
Aikaterini Tsentemeidou ◽  
Sotiria Sotiroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Facial Nerve Injury ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Nerve Tumor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Facial Nerve Schwannoma

Significance Statement Facial nerve schwannoma is extremely uncommon. Despite its rarity, it is considered the most common facial nerve tumor and potentially affects any segment of the nerve. Presenting symptoms vary depending on the location of the neoplasm. Tumors pertaining to the extratemporal course of the nerve mainly appear as an asymptomatic parotid mass. We present a rare case of schwannoma of the zygomatic branch of the right facial nerve that was surgically resected, without facial nerve injury.

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