scholarly journals Do the Readings of Digital and Aneroid Sphygmomanometer Concur? A Clinic-Based Study in an Urban Area of South Kolkata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparajita Dasgupta ◽  
Foulisa Pyrbot ◽  
Bobby Paul ◽  
Soumit Roy ◽  
Pritam Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
P Value ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Bland Altman Plot ◽  
Cohen's Kappa

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Thus, regular and accurate measurement of Blood Pressure (BP) is essential for its early diagnosis and follow-up. There is a surge in popularity of digital sphygmomanometer due to its convenience of use and functionality. In contrast, the traditional universally accepted sphygmomanometer is aneroid type, hence there arise a need for comparison of digital and universally accepted Aneroid Sphygmomanometer in terms of agreement and correlation. Aim: To evaluate the agreement and correlation between blood pressure measurement by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer. Materials and Methods: The clinic based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Urban Heath Centre, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Adults visiting the OPD on two chosen days of the week, between June 2019 to July 2019 were selected using systematic random sampling. A total of 400 participants were included. Agreement and correlation between BP measurements by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer was analysed by Cohen’s Kappa, Bland Altman Plot along with sensitivity, specificity and predictive values using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. the p-value <0.05 was considered significant for the statistical test in the analysis. Results: Cohen’s Kappa value (0.59) revealed these two tools had moderate agreement in diagnosing hypertension. Sensitivity and specificity of digital sphygmomanometer taking aneroid sphygmomanometer as gold standard is 86% and 83.1% respectively. The BP readings of these two-tools showed moderate correlation as Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for Systolic BP (SBP) and Diastolic BP (DBP) were 0.804 and 0.624, respectively. Bland Altman plot showed gross disagreement of SBP findings and disagreement between DBP findings was also noted. Conclusion: Digital device was found to be less accurate in detecting hypertension. Therefore, more similar research work is solicited to verify the accuracy of the very easy to use, the Digital BP monitor.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS CONDUCTED IN NATIONAL PHYSICAL FITNESS STANDARD (SEGAK) ASSESSMENTS AMONG SCHOOL-AGED ADOLESCENTS IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Nurzaime Zulaily ◽  
Aryati Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Razif Shahril ◽  
Fadzli Syed Abdullah ◽  
Amran Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Bland Altman Plot ◽  
Cohen's Kappa

School-based health programs implemented by the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) through the National Physical Fitness Standard (SEGAK) assessments provided an important platform in health status monitoring among schoolchildren. However, to date, there is still no reliability study conducted on this method. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reliability of the anthropometric data collected by physical education (PE) teachers in the SEGAK assessments. Anthropometry measurements of standard six school adolescents involved in the Health of Adolescents in Terengganu study were taken by trained researchers using a standardised protocol. The anthropometrics data were then compared with PE teachers’ measurements from the SEGAK assessments obtained from the specifically developed Health Monitoring System database. Reliability of the anthropometric measurements were analysed using Pearson’s correlation test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plot and Cohen’s Kappa statistics. Intraclass correlation coefficient between teacher-measured and researcher-measured values shows good correlation in weight (ICC = 0.93), height (ICC = 0.98) and BMI (ICC = 0.91). The Bland-Altman plot showed a relatively small difference in mean of weight, height, and BMI between teacher-measured and researcher-measured value. The mean difference between teacher-measured and researcher-measured value of weight, height, and BMI were 1.8kg, 0.1cm, and 0.8kg/m2 respectively. Overall, Cohen’s Kappa statistics showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.642) in BMI categorisation between the two measurements. Findings from reliability analysis conducted affirmed that anthropometrics assessments conducted by PE teachers in SEGAK assessments are reliable to be used for identification of body weight status among school children and adolescents particularly in Terengganu, Malaysia.

Relationship of Fiber Intake, Stress Level, Physical Activity with Blood Pressure of Pre Elderly and Elderly in Lubang Buaya and Kampung Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eti Cahya Fitrianti ◽  
Sintha Fransiske Simanungkalit
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test

High blood pressure is defined as systolic blood pressure that is equal to or above 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure equal to or above 90 mm Hg (JNC VIII, 2013). In 2018, the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is based on the characteristics of the age 45-75 years and above with an average of 58.33% (Riskesdas, 2018). The aimed of this study was to determine of fiber intake, stress levels, and physical activity with blood pressure in pre elderly and elderly at RW 03 Lubang Buaya and RW 09 Kampung Tengah, East Jakarta. This research method is observational with cross sectional approach followed by 80 respondents with simple random sampling technique Data collection was taken, namely blood pressure measurement using a Sphygmomanometer, fiber intake using the Food Recall form 2 x 24 hours (Weekend and Weekday), stress levels with the DASS-14 questionnaire, and physical activity with the Baecke questionnaire. Data processing was analyzed by univariate and bivariate using Chi-Square test. The results of bivariate analysis with chi-square test showed a significant relationship between fiber intake (p value = 0.007), stress level (p value = 0,000), and physical activity (p value = 0.022) with blood pressure. There is a relationship between fiber intake, stress level, and physical activity with blood pressure in the elderly and elderly in Lubang Buaya and Kampung Tengah.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Five Equations Used for Estimating the Glomerular Filtrations Rate in Chinese Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shuai fu ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Si Xu ◽  
Sha Wu ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Bland Altman Plot ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Kappa Value

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the performance of revised MDRD, CKD-EPI, BIS, FAS and XiangYa equation in Chinese adults Methods We collected blood biochemical data of 623 chinese adult hospitalised patients within 48 hours before they underwent 99m Tc-DTPA GFR measurement. We computed the bias (mGFR-eGFR), the precision (IQR) ,the accuray (P30）and root mean square error (RMSE) relative to mGFR of each equation to evaluate performance. The ROC curves, Kappa value of McNemar test, Bland-Altman plot and the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and concordance. Results Totally, the FAS combined Scr and cysC equation performed supreme accuracy(P30=57.5%, RMSE=19.26), the cysC-based equation performed superior to Scr-based equation. Detailed P30 of the CKD-EPI cysC , FAS cysC , MDRD, CKD-EPI Scr-cysC , CKD-EPI Scr , FAS Scr , XiangYa was 56.7%, 56.0%, 53.5%, 52.2%, 48.8%, 51.4%, 43.0%. The CKD-EPI cysC equation showed the lowest bias and the highest accuracy(bias=-2.23, P30=57.4%) in GFR<60ml/min/1.73m 2 , followed by the FASscr-cysC equation(bias=-6.89, P30=55.4%). The XiangYa equation perfomed best in GFR≥60ml/min/1.73m 2 while worst in GFR<60 ml/min/1.73m 2 with bias(-5.79 vs -19.05), IQR(18.21 vs 10.85), P30(86.2% vs 21.1%), RMSE(16.68 vs 21.34). The CKD-EPI cysC equation had the lowest bias and the best accuracy(bias=-2.23, P30=59.4%) in age ≥70 years adults, followed by the FAS Scr-cysC equation equivalented to BIS-2 Scr-cysC equation(bias -5.33 vs -4.90, P30=57.3%), while the XiangYa equation performed worstly (bias=-20.39, P30=26.6%). Best ROC AUC was gaven by the FAS Scr-cysC equation(0.951),so was it had the highest Kappa value(0.364). The lowest Bias showed in Bland-Altman plot was the CKD-EPI cysC equation(bias=7.46). The highest ICC value was gaven by the FAS Scr-cysC equation(0.921). Secondly, it was the XiangYa equation with the ICC of 0.912. Conclusions The FAS Scr-cysC equation is verified most suitable and simpler applied to Chinese population. The CKD-EPI cysC equation is appropriate used in moderately and severely injured GFR(CKD3-5stage) and Seniors over 70 years old. The XiangYa equation performed perfectly in slightly injured GFR (CKD1-2stage), while further verification of XiangYa equation in multiple region need to carried out especially in moderately and severely injured GFR and older adults.

Identifying Optimal Chronic Kidney Disease Patient Education Web Sites

2011 ◽  
pp. 1040-1048
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Nanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Cohen's Kappa

One in nine adults in the United States has chronic kidney disease (CKD). Randomized studies show electronic health (e-health) systems improve health outcomes in chronic disease. This study describes a systematic evaluation of available CKD Web sites. We evaluated Web sites for educating patients with CKD, focusing on three specific design issues: usability, quality, and content. Thirty Web sites were evaluated between April and July 2004. Cohen’s kappa and intraclass correlation of quartile rankings for two independent evaluators were calculated. Mean score for evaluator 1 was 7.293 (standard error 0.511) and for evaluator 2 was 8.189 (0.413). Cohen’s kappa for the 2 evaluators’ total scores for all 30 Web sites is 0.7671, and intraclass correlation is 0.7703. In general, results show that it is possible to identify Web sites more likely to provide a positive educational experience for CKD patients. Further evaluation is needed to investigate the utility of variably ranked Web sites as educational interventions.

scholarly journals Abdominal breathing affects blood pressure in hypertension sufferers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chilyatiz Zahroh ◽  
Siti Nurjanah ◽  
Ninin Khumairoh Siti Widyarti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Abdominal Breathing

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for heart disease and stroke. This study was conducted to determine the effect of abdominal breathing on blood pressure in a hypertensive patient using the non-pharmacological treatment. This study used a pre-experimental method, which comprises of the one-group pre-test/post-test design. A total of 39 hypertensive respondents taken from a population in Wonokromo, Surabaya were chosen by using simple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, with an assigned significance level of ɑ=0.05. The results of this study showed that before abdominal breathing, the systolic blood pressure was 146.41 mmHg, whereas the diastolic blood pressure was 117.43 mmHg. After performing abdominal relaxation, it was 135.64 mmHg and 87.95 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, the results of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.000, illustrating that the results of blood pressure measurement were different before and after conducting the abdominal breathing. Therefore, abdominal breathing is suspected of having the ability to decrease the blood pressure.

Learning how to Differ: Agreement and Reliability Statistics in Psychiatry

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Streiner David
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
The Subject

Whenever two or more raters evaluate a patient or student, it may be necessary to determine the degree to which they assign the same label or rating to the subject. The major problem in deciding which statistic to use is the plethora of different techniques which are available. This paper reviews some of the more commonly used techniques, such as Raw Agreement, Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa, and shows that, in most circumstances, they can all be replaced by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). This paper also shows how the ICC can be used in situations where the other statistics cannot be used and how to select the best subset of raters.

A comparative study of the performance of the widal slide agglutination test and the typhidot immunoassay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in the West Region of Cameroon.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousenu Karimo ◽  
Innocent Mbulli Ali ◽  
Leonard Fonkeng Sama ◽  
Francois Marcel Nsangou Ndam ◽  
Thibau Florant Tchouangueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
West Region ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of Typhoid fever, based on the Widal slide agglutination test, remains a major hurdle in developing countries like Cameroon due to varied perceptions of the value of the Widal test in determining clinical decision making. We undertook a study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Widal test and the typhidot immunoassay in patients suspected of having typhoid fever in the Menoua division, West Region of Cameroon. Methods: Blood and stool samples were collected from 558 consenting febrile patients on the basis of suspicion of typhoid fever. These patients attended three district health services of the Menoua division between April 2018 and September 2019. These patients had clinical symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever as determined by their consultant. Serum from whole blood was used for the Widal slide agglutination test and for the Typhidot rapid immunoassay test based on manufacturer’s guidelines. A composite reference of fever plus positive coproculture for Salmonella enteric serovars typhi and paratyphi was used as reference. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of the positive and negative tests were calculated as well as the Cohen’s Kappa for agreement between the two tests. Results: Of 558 patients, 12.90% tested positive for the reference method, 57.17% tested positive for the Widal slide agglutination test while 15.59% were positive for typhidot-IgM. The overall sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of the positive and negative tests were 80.56%, 94.03%, 66.6% and 97.03% respectively for typhidot-IgM; 94.44%, 48.35%, 21.32% and 98.33% for Widal slide agglutination test. The Cohen’s kappa estimates were 0.1660 (0.121-0.211), 0.386 (0.312-0.460) for Widal test and typhidot immunoassay respectively, with agreements of 53.76% and 76.16% respectively. Conclusion: The Widal test was found to have a lower predictive value for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in our setting. However, the Typhidot test, although better, was not ideal. Diagnosis of typhoid fever should therefore rely on adequate clinical suspicion and a positive Typhidot test to improve the clinical management of Typhoid fever in our setting.

A study of blood pressure in school children between the age of 6-12 years in Chennai, India: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2205
Author(s):  
Madhivanan S. ◽  
Harikrishnan E. ◽  
Kumarasamy K.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Blood pressure measurements in childhood are an important clinical examination. Present study was done to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure (BP) in children aged 6-12 years and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height and weight criteria and comparing the values with the available standards.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in primary and middle schools of Chennai from January 2016 to May 2017. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender, socioeconomic status and anthropometry. Data was analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significantResults: A total of 2002 children (1026 boys, 976 girls) of age between 6-12 years were examined over 18 months. There was an upward trend in both systolic (r = 0.437, P<0.001) and diastolic BP (r = 0.386, P <0.001) with age. There was no statistically significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic BP with gender (P = 0.10), weight (P = 0.10) and height (P = 0.10). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean systolic and diastolic BP between low and high socio-economic groups (P <0.0001). The proportion of children with hypertension was 9.54% with a slight female preponderance.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. It shows a linear relationship with age and varies across socio-economic status. Periodic recording of BP would enable identify hypertension at an early age.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Saltzman and the Modified Long-leg Radiograph for Assessing Hindfoot Alignment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0003
Author(s):  
Kalpesh Shah ◽  
Kumar Kaushik Dash
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Limb Length Discrepancy ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Hindfoot Alignment ◽  
Bland Altman Plot

Category: Radiology Introduction/Purpose: There is growing evidence suggesting that the alignment of the leg (hip-knee-ankle or HKA axis) should be considered when planning an ankle replacement and alignment of the hindfoot (tibio-calcaneal or TC axis) should be considered when planning a knee replacement. The alignment of the HKA axis is assessed from standard long-leg radiographs, while the hindfoot alignment requires special views like Saltzman’s or Coetzee’s or similar. However we have discovered that by making minor adjustments to the way a standard long-leg radiograph is taken, it is possible to measure both the HKA as well as the TC axis from the same radiograph. The aim of our study was to compare the hindfoot alignment between a Saltzman’s view and the modified long-leg view. Methods: Approval was obtained for a prospective observational study on 65 consecutive patients referred to our hospital for a knee replacement. Patients with multiple joint arthritis, previous lower-limb surgery, or limb length discrepancy requiring shoe- raise were excluded. All patients had a preoperative modified long-leg view as part of our routine for radiographic assessment of a knee replacement; as well as a Saltzman’s view which served as a standard for hindfoot alignment. The long-leg alignment was measured using the standard HKA (hip-knee-ankle) axis, and the alignment of the hindfoot (tibio-calcaneal angle) was measured using the method described by Van Dijk et all. A difference of 3 degrees between the two observations was agreed to be considered as significant. Results were recorded by two Surgeons independently and analysed using the Bland-Altman Plot. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was used for inter-observer variation. Results: 48 patients were eligible for the study. The hindfoot angle measured in the modified long-leg view (mean 9.29 degrees, SD 4.26 degrees) was similar to that in the Saltzman’s view (mean 8.99 degrees, SD 4.16 degrees). The Scatter Plot showed a linear distribution, with Spearmann Correlation Coefficient of 0.892. Bland Altman Plot showed the differences in the measurements residing within the agreed difference of 3 degrees. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.94 for the modified long-leg view and 0.87 for the Saltzman’s view, suggesting excellent interobserver agreement. Conclusion: Our study shows that the position of the hindfoot can be reliably measured from the modified long-leg view, and this removes the need for additional radiographs for hindfoot alignment. As the entire femur, tibia and the hindfoot is accessible in the same long-leg view, this creates a platform for further research in to the mechanical axis of the entire lower limb as opposed to the HKA axis, and the effects of malalignment of the lower extremity in patients undergoing knee or ankle replacements.

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