ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT CANADA EMERGENCY OFFICERS IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE MANAGEMENT

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 909-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ladanowski
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environment Canada ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT Environment Canada has established standard operating procedures (SOPs) for their emergency response officers so that they can respond to environmental emergencies with a uniform and professional approach. The SOPs cover a wide range of issues due to the complexity and intricacy of spills and related emergency situations. The focus here is on procedures for responding to oil spills. These include, but are not limited to, conducting a preliminary assessment of the spill, determining lead government agency responsibility, assessing and addressing response and protection needs, ensuring appropriate information is documented and distributed to concerned groups, dealing with the media, obtaining legal evidence and support, arranging finances, and using and obtaining approval for implementing certain response technologies.

National Oil Spill Response Planning in the U.S.S.R.: Principal Conceptions and Objectives

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
O. Khalimonov ◽  
S. Nunuparov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Monitoring ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
System Data

ABSTRACT International and domestic experience in the response to major oil spills at sea confirms the vital necessity of a national contingency plan to guarantee effective utilization of national resources and those of assisting countries and organizations. Experience in responding to recent major oil spills underlines deficiencies connected with the shortage of technical means and also with ineffective organization of the response and cooperation of all parties involved. This results in unjustifiable delays in decision making and, finally, in catastrophic damages to the environment. The main principles of the U.S.S.R. national oil spill response plan, currently under consideration for approval, are as follows:involvement of a wide range of national forces and forces of the neighboring countries under preliminary agreed-upon schemes;strengthening and development of appropriate legal instruments to stipulate obligations of the parties involved in pollution response operations;development of a mechanism to reduce impediments to financial, technical, and related agreements required prior to commencement of operations (sources of finances, preliminary approval of the response technology by competent authorities, facilitation of custom procedures);unification of the structure of the U.S.S.R national contingency plan with a view to making it compatible with corresponding plans of neighboring countries following the prototype developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO);cooperation in the establishment of the international monitoring system, data bank, and computerized exchange of information.

From the Beginning: The 40 Year History of NOAA’s Emergency Response Division

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2408-2431
Author(s):  
Mark Dix ◽  
Alan Mearns
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Over 40 Years

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Emergency Response Division’s success over 40 years draws on the nascent and sustained vision of its founders and the people that dedicated themselves to providing state of the art science in combatting oil spills and hazardous material releases. Lessons in research, development, partnership, reinvention, reorganization, and adaptation season the story that describes what is now the scientific touchstone in the United States’ maritime spill response vanguard. But the voyage to present day was (and is) not all smooth sailing. The scientists who built the unit and staffed it for decades recall the best, worst, and in between history of a small but highly influential division in the Federal government that helped pioneer spill science in the United States and internationally by responding to over 4,000 incidents. This retrospective highlights the genesis and growth of the 1970’s Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) and its evolution through Hazardous Materials Response Division (HMRD) to the now Emergency Response Division (ERD). The paper concludes with the vision of what growth areas lie ahead for the Division and oil spill response.

Communicating Agricultural Information for Development: The Role of the Media in Zimbabwe

Libri ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mugwisi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Short Courses

AbstractThe success of agricultural development programmes in developing countries largely depends on the nature and extent of the use of mass media in the mobilisation of people for development. The media, which offers unique opportunities to disseminate information, can play an important role in informing citizens about social, academic, and economic issues, amongst others. This is also true in the agricultural sector. Radio for example, is an inexpensive medium, and therefore enjoys a wide range of diffusion, even among rural and less literate people who have access to fewer information resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the print and electronic media sources are contributing to the communication of information relating to agricultural development in Zimbabwe. A questionnaire was distributed to all media houses in Zimbabwe. The results indicate that there is a significant coverage, by the media, of issues relating to agriculture and the agriculture industry. The broadcast media in particular, make efforts to reach out to a range of audiences who speak minority languages such as Kalanga, Venda, Sotho, Doma, Yao, and Shangaan. However, the media face challenges, including a lack of subject specialists, language barriers, constraints on financial and material resources, and poor road infrastructure that inhibits travelling. This study recommends training, short courses on agriculture reporting, and courses that provide information on the available resources to improve the quality of news and information regarding agriculture-related issues reaching mainly rural audiences of farmers in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Own Video Content of Libraries: Trends and Prospects for Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Changing of media consumption in the digital age is the object of focus attention of both Russian and foreign researchers. Modern cultural studies note the increasing role of video content in the media environment. Taking into account current trends, libraries more often create their own video materials to implement various goals and objectives. Thus, creation of own video content is rapidly becoming an integral part of the work of modern library. However, despite some established experience of libraries in this area, there is still not enough research of general and theoretical nature on the content, guidelines and prospects for the development of activities related to the creation and use of library video content, and there is no its classification.The purpose of this work is to conduct analysis of the video content in libraries, identify the most common materials, as well as to determine the prospects for using this tool to reach their own goals. The article discusses definitions of the term “video content”. The author presents the main types of videos produced by libraries, their characteristics and features. Special attention is paid to video projects of libraries in Russia. The article reveals the experience of the Astrakhan Library for Youth named after B. Shakhovsky in using its own video content. The paper discusses the issue of classification of video materials produced by libraries. The author proposes the following classification of library videos: video review, virtual book exhibition, webinar (online seminar or web conference), interview, humorous video, webcast, event announcement, video report and booktrailer. The author indicates the main reasons hindering the demand for library video content among the wide range of Internet users and gives the rationale for the necessity and importance of this type of activity and proposes possible prospects for using own video content of libraries. Thanks to its presence, the library ceases to be a closed institution storing knowledge within itself that produces positive impact on its image. Using means of communication that are understandable to a person of visual culture, it changes stereotypes and demonstrates its modern capabilities.

scholarly journals A survey of social media use in emergency situations: A literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 026666692091389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeeb Gambo Abdulhamid ◽  
Daniel Azerikatoa Ayoung ◽  
Armin Kashefi ◽  
Boyce Sigweni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Areas Of Interest

This study reviews literature on the use of Social Media (SM) in emergency response operations while identifying gaps in this research stream that need attention from Information Systems (IS) researchers. The research is grounded in past works and attempts to build on research on the application of SM in emergencies. It focuses on understanding the role of SM in the prevention, management and response to emergencies. The review contains a detailed literature exposition of IS and disasters journals. The appraisal of such research stream led the review to focus on the concept of digital volunteerism as an offshoot of crowdsourcing initiatives. Findings from the review reveal that previous studies overlooked the interfacing challenges between formal and traditional aid agencies on one hand and digital humanitarians on the other. Consequently, we identify gaps in the extant literature and propose areas of interest for future research.

Features of Providing Content on YouTube about Extreme Situations: Genres and Formats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Reva Ekaterina K. ◽  
◽  
Mezhina Victoria A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Content ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
Information Group ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Federation

The relevance of the study of YouTube is due to the fact that today video hosting is a concentration of video materials of various thematic areas and channels producing content. This article presents the results of a study of the genres and formats used on the media platform YouTube to reflect information about extreme situations of a natural and man-made nature. Video hosting YouTube has become a platform not only for the distribution of user content, but also a modern communication channel for broadcasting the content of traditional media. It is this factor that allows you to identify genre and format ways of providing information. To compile a list of extreme and emergency situations for 2015–2019, State reports on the state of protection of the population and territory of the Russian Federation from natural and man-made emergencies posted on the website of the Russian Emergencies Ministry were studied. Then, keywords were searched on the video hosting site YouTube. Due to the fact that the study is part of a major scientific project aimed at studying the influence of psychotraumatizing factors on the speech function of a person in real extreme situations, one of the selection criteria was the presence of an emotional component in the video materials. The chronological framework of the study in five years, a wide range of YouTube channels, a body of video materials collected by a continuous sampling method, the use of typological and genre analysis made it possible to obtain representative conclusions about the genre-format specifics of video materials on socially significant topics.The results obtained show that the largest number of videos belong to the information group of genres. The analytical ones include the genre of journalistic investigation. Amateur YouTube channels use selfie shooting, shooting with voiceover commentary, a conversation with an eyewitness or victim, etc. Keywords: media, television, media, YouTube, video hosting, video content, extreme situations

MANAGING RISKS OF EXPLOSION DURING OIL RECOVERY, STORAGE, AND TRANSFER OPERATIONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry A. Romberg ◽  
Dennis M. Maguire ◽  
Richard L. Ranger ◽  
Rod Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT This paper examines explosion hazards while recovering spilled oil utilizing oil spill recovery barges. The risk of static accumulation and discharge is well understood after thorough investigations of several incidents in the 1970s and 1980s involving explosions on tank barges and vessels during petroleum cargo loading and unloading operations. However, those lessons learned only partially apply to oil spill recovery operations due to the differences in liquid properties, crew training, and additional tasks required during an oil spill response. While regulatory standards have been enacted for petroleum tankers and barges involved in commercial transportation of oil and other hazardous materials, the utility of these standards for oil spill response vessels has not been fully considered. Inverviews were conducted with marine transporters and response organizations to understand the wide range of operational risks and mitigation proceedures currently in use. This paper outlines the four basic conditions that must be present to create a static discharge-induced explosion during liquid cargo operations. A review of explosion casualty history was completed for cargo operations and compared to operations that create similar hazards during oil spill recovery operations. Specific processes that create additional risk of static-induced explosions during response operations were studied to review mitigation actions. Finally, recommendations for continued training are provided to help guide the spill response community when preparing for and responding to oil spills.

NEW IMO/EPPR GUIDES TO ARCTIC OIL SPILL RESPONSE – STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1182-1193
Author(s):  
E. H. Owens ◽  
D. F. Dickins ◽  
L. B. Solsberg ◽  
O-K. Bjerkemo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Snow And Ice

ABSTRACT In 2015 and 2016, two complementary projects produced both a new strategic guide (in two versions) and an updated operationally oriented guide to assist managers, regulators and responders in responding effectively to oil spills in snow and ice conditions. The objective of the first initiative, which began as a Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) project, a “Guide to Oil Spill Response in Snow and Ice Conditions”, was to identify and describe the strategic aspects of planning and operations. This program gained a separate phase through the Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) working group of the Arctic Council to adapt the Guide specifically for Arctic waters. The second initiative by EPPR was to update the 1998 “Field Guide for Oil Spill Response in Arctic Waters” while retaining the original operational focus. The 2016 version of the Field Guide incorporates major revisions and updates to sections on strategies and countermeasures, for example the use of herders and burning, dispersants in ice and specialized brush skimmers as well as advances in remote sensing and tracking. In addition, new sections address important topics such as Health and Human Safety, Logistics and Wildlife Response. The overall goal was to produce two complementary documents that provide a broad base of essential information to key decision-makers and responders at both the strategic planning level and at the field tactics and operations level. These two projects bring together a wide range of new knowledge generated over the past two decades that make many previous manuals and documents out of date. With such a vast amount of recent literature, the new strategic guide and the operational field guide update can only provide a brief summary of the new material but are valuable tools to indicate where the more detailed documents can be found.

Industry and Government Roles in Addressing Historic Properties in Oil Spill Response: Lessons Learned From A Recent Exercise and Incidents

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 693-697
Author(s):  
Tina M. Toriello ◽  
Jan Thorman ◽  
Pamela Bergmann ◽  
Richard Waldbauer
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
National Response ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on industry and government roles for addressing historic properties during oil spill response. In 1997, the National Response Team (NRT) developed a Programmatic Agreement on Protection of Historic Properties during Emergency Response under the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (PA) (National Response Team, 1997). At the 1999 International Oil Spill Conference (IOSC), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) representatives discussed the development and implementation of the PA, which is intended to ensure that historic properties are appropriately taken into account during the planning for and conducting of emergency response to oil spills and hazardous substance releases. Following the 1999 IOSC, DOI and Chevron representatives began a dialog regarding industry and government roles under the PA. Chevron invited the DOI representatives to participate in an October 1999 large-scale, industry-led spill exercise; a precedent-setting drill that included historic properties protection as a key objective. This 2001 paper focuses on how industry and government have worked together to protect historic properties, government roles in PA implementation, and lessons learned. As an example of what industry can do to support the protection of historic properties during planning and response activities, this paper describes Chevron's Historic Properties Program, a program managed under its emergency spill response environmental functional team (EFT). A discussion of lessons learned focuses on the need for clear definition of industry and government roles, and the benefits of building a foundation of cooperation between industry and government to protect historic properties. Of particular importance is the inclusion of historic properties in all aspects of oil spill preparedness and response, including planning, drills, training, and response organization structure and staffing. Experience from incident response in Alaska has shown that the PA assists Federal On-Scene Coordinators (FOSCs) and responsible parties, while also protecting historic properties, when the FOSC is prepared to implement the PA promptly and effectively.

Exposure to Immigration in the News: The Impact of Group-Level Emotions on Intergroup Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Atwell Seate ◽  
Dana Mastro
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Numerous empirical investigations demonstrate that exposure to the stereotypic and oftentimes threatening portrayals of race/ethnicity in the media predict a wide range of unfavorable intergroup outcomes. The current study extends this work by experimentally examining the role of emotions in this process. Specifically, a 2 (Immigration Threat: Present/Absent) × 2 (Ingroup Emotion Endorsement: Present/Absent) + 1 (Control Group) experimental design tests the influence of exposure to immigration news stories on group-level emotions and intergroup behaviors. Findings indicate that exposure to threatening immigration news coverage indirectly influences intergroup outcomes through group-level emotions. Exposure to immigration news indirectly produces active and passive harming behaviors through feelings of contempt. These results provide an important first step in understanding a broader array of media-related intergroup processes and effects.

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