CONJOINT ANALYSIS: A TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATORY RESTORATION

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 1018-1019
Author(s):  
Richard W. Dunford ◽  
Kristy E. Mathews ◽  
F. Reed Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
New Technique ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Compensatory Restoration

ABSTRACT Conjoint analysis is a survey-based technique for determining the public's preferences for the attributes of goods and services in a tradeoff context. Conjoint analysis can be used in natural resource damage assessments to determine compensatory restoration (i.e., the increase in natural resource services that the public considers equivalent to the services forgone as a result of an oil spill). Our poster describes conjoint analysis and discusses its advantages and disadvantages relative to other approaches for determining compensatory restoration. We believe that this new technique, when carefully applied, offers significant promise in natural resource damage assessments.

NON-USE VALUE IN NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS: THE NESTUCCA OIL SPILL

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Grigalunas ◽  
James J. Opaluch
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Responses

ABSTRACT A contingent valuation (CV) study that attempts to estimate non-use damages from the Nestucca spill was reviewed. The CV study faces formidable obstacles because it focuses on a controversial subject, oil spills, about which the public is known to have exaggerated perceptions, and because respondents may not have well defined dollar values for the environment. An examination of survey responses leads us to conclude that these problems are significant, and that, despite the substantial efforts by well known CV researchers, the results provide no basis for estimating damages due to this spill.

ASSESSING NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGES FOR COMMERCIALLY AND RECREATIONALLY HARVESTED POPULATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 959-984
Author(s):  
Jeff Wakefield ◽  
Andrew N. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
The Public ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Baseline Demographic ◽  
Compensatory Restoration

Abstract Resource Equivalency Analysis (“REA”) is often used to “right-size” (scale) or calibrate compensatory restoration projects implemented as part of Natural Resource Damage Assessments (“NRDAs”) conducted pursuant to the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA”). The basic premise underlying REA is that, if a spill results in the loss of individual members of a population, the public can be compensated via a restoration project which creates individuals that otherwise would not exist. This is because the ecological services provided by a population are proportional to the number of individuals in the population. For example, one could compensate the public for spill-related mortality among shrimp by creating wetland terraces which, the literature suggests, would increase the number of shrimp in the population. REA answers the question, “How many wetland terraces need to be created?” Implicit in the REA construct is the dynamic nature of the population projections. Even with density dependence, population levels fluctuate according to both biological and anthropogenic factors that combine to influence survival, reproductive and growth rates. Thus, if NRDA practitioners are to reliably identify compensatory restoration requirements using REA, it is necessary to: characterize baseline demographic rates; develop a model that uses those baseline demographic rates to project future population levels; and identify the mechanisms that cause post-spill rates to change relative to baseline expectations. One factor that can cause post-spill demographic rates to vary is a spill-related change in human behavior. For example, if a spill-related fishing closure results in the cancelation of 15,000 recreational shrimping trips, shrimp mortality due to fishing will decrease. In this paper we use prior OPA NRDA cases to: review the historical treatment of spill-related closures in REA models used by both DOI/USFWS and NOAA; and illustrate that the REA practitioners’ approach to these spill-related changes in human behavior can (and should) change the NRDA liability construct, particularly with respect to species which are commercially and recreationally harvested.

NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE MITIGATION ALTERNATIVES FOR A PIPELINE SITING

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 983-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jo Kealy ◽  
Mark L. Rockel ◽  
Joseph P. Nicolette
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Habitat Equivalency Analysis ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Compensatory Restoration

ABSTRACT A net environmental benefits analysis (NEBA) approach offers a powerful set of tools for rigorously evaluating and comparing the natural resource benefits of alternative mitigation, restoration, enhancement, and preservation actions for compensating for natural resource damages, site remediation and pipeline-siting projects, for example. Combining the results of the NEBA with an assessment of the costs of the alternative measures shows which alternative(s) achieve a net environmental benefit at least cost. NEBA uses environmental or monetary metrics to measure the change in the value of ecological services from the site under alternative actions compared to the baseline condition. This presentation describes a NEBA application to a pipeline-siting project. The approach is equivalent to evaluating compensatory restoration as part of a natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90). For example, under NRDA, a habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) model almost always is used in a two-sided NEBA, which sums the negative environmental benefits—interim losses—that result from the oil spill injury on the debit side and compares to the sum of the positive environmental benefits due to the compensatory restoration actions on the credit side. Most reports prepared as part of NRDAs are confidential. However, the NEBA used in the present pipeline-siting example is equivalent to how it has been applied in NRDA applications including two oil spills involving pipelines, the Colonial Pipeline Sugarland Run NRDA and the Colonial/Texaco Pipeline San Jacinto River Oil Spill. The present pipeline-siting example uses NEBA to determine the quantity of quality-adjusted acres of forested wetland that are needed to offset a loss in forested wetland acreage because of the construction and operation of the proposed pipeline.

The Request for Mutual Assistance and the European Investigation Order – Is the Modern Legal Assistance Instrument Better than its Predecessor

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Georgia Papucharova
Keyword(s):  
European Convention ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
Mutual Legal Assistance ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
International Response ◽  
Criminal Matters

AbstractEuropean evidence law is a quite sensitive topic and has always been the cause of much debate by practitioners and academics. Theoretical and physical borders do not matter for transnational crime. The intensive mobility of people and the evolution of world trade with goods and services create favorable conditions for the cross-border crime to develop. Therefore, it is of a great importance to take far-reaching steps to an upgraded mechanism for obtaining evidence in and from the Member States. This article examines the application of two mutual legal assistance instruments – the request for mutual assistance, which was established by the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters of 1959, the EU Mutual Legal Assistance Convention of2000 with its 2001 Protocol, and Arts. 48 to 53 of the Schengen Agreement, and the European Investigation Order introduced by the Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters. The main objective of this research is to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of both judicial cooperation mechanisms. A comparative analysis of both operational tools is an appropriate way to assess which one is related to more procedural savings and how both of them deal with the protection of human rights. Thus, the modern instruments for judicial cooperation in the area of transnational evidence-gathering as an international response to crimes with cross-border dimensions can be adequately valued.

The Imperatives of Beneficiation Law for Botswana’s Diamond Mining Industry and Its Implications for Foreign Investment Protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi Oluyeju ◽  
Kuda Tshiamo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Backward And Forward Linkages

This article seeks to interrogate the advantages and disadvantages of beneficiation law for Botswana’s mining industry and its implications for foreign investment protection. Furthermore, it argues that the enactment of beneficiation law could stimulate economic growth and development in Botswana. On a proper analysis of the potential of beneficiation law it seems plain that it may facilitate the integration, of among others, the cutting and polishing segments through the backward and forward linkages in the entire diamond value chain to move Botswana diamond industry a step further as a new and emerging jewellery manufacturing and retail center in order to derive maximum returns from the rough diamond production. Quite clearly, cutting and polishing of diamonds in Botswana is bound to promote employment which in turn will promote demand for goods and services that would have a positive impact on economic growth in Botswana.  The paper concludes that on a balance, the opportunities accruable from the enactment of this law far outweigh the downsides and will not in any way scare investors away as some have perceived it.

Socio-economic preconditions of resort agglomerations development in the south of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matvey S. Oborin ◽  
Irina Kozhushkina ◽  
Tatyana Gvarliani ◽  
Nikolay Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the modern problems and the main trends of development of the health-improving tourism sector in the southern part of Russia and to identify significant factors in overcoming the complex challenges related to specific socio-economic conditions in the study area. Design/methodology/approach The material that served as the basis of the study comprises statistical data from the Southern Federal District and its subjects, as well as data about the development of tourism infrastructure on the official websites of governments, Ministry of Tourism and the population of the Southern Federal District. This information was systematized from a number of perspectives, including identification of the chronology of health-improving tourism infrastructure development in the chosen territory, as well as the advantages and disadvantages in this area. Based on the results of the study, the authors also developed some recommendations to overcome existing inactive trends in the field of health tourism. Findings This paper sheds light on the understanding of the challenges and changes that took place in the resort agglomerations of the south of Russia in terms of current issues and those that must be addressed in the coming years. It was concluded that health tourism in the south of Russia has old traditions based on the natural resource potential of territories that are included in the composition of the Southern Federal District. At the same time, the authors came to the conclusion that, unfortunately, not resort agglomerations are fully utilized. Furthermore, some historic resorts were not well maintained by local authorities and have suffered more recently because of lack of investment. At present, the financial results of health resorts and others related to health-improving tourism are precarious as most operations are unprofitable, and so complex decisions are needed to address the underlying problem of resource optimization because of the important social and economic role of the cities in this region. They have special natural and resource potential and preserve traditions related to health-improving tourism. Research limitations/implications The paper provides a conceptual analysis based on limited empirical data combined with some directions for further research. Originality/value The paper attempts to reveal the impact of social, economic and geopolitical factors, both negative and positive, on the development of the health-improving tourism segment, restructuring of the Russian tourism market and the emergence of promising opportunities and new directions for development. The findings also provide insights for practitioners and researchers, and the tourism industry can draw on this analysis to guide the development of strategy, increase investment attractiveness, make more effective use of the natural resource potential and maintain pressure on government partners to provide support to tourism.

Musical Culture To-day: A Sociological Note

Tempo ◽  
1944 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
W. H. Mellers
Keyword(s):  
New Technique ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Good Music ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Way

We are often told that there is to-day a promising efflorescence of musical culture in this country; that the public for ‘good’ music is growing rapidly; and that more adequate provision must be made for music in the post-war reconstructed world. Substantially I believe all this is true; but it does also seem to me that much potential cultural vitality may be wasted if these conclusions are accepted too easily, without enquiry into the premisses on which they are based. What do we mean by musical culture? What do we expect music to give us? The mere quantity of music played tells us nothing; we want to know what kind of relation the noise has to the society that produces it, we want to know what bearing it has on the way people live. If we look back a moment to consider some of the things that music has meant to people living before us, we shall soon see that our problems are peculiarly difficult, and that we may well need a virtually new technique to deal with them. A refusal to see our educational problems against the background of history will lead to confusion and incompetence in musical culture as in everything else.

Sobre la función de los montes y su planificación

2014 ◽  
pp. 1833-1841
Author(s):  
Mikel Mari KARRERA EGIALDE
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Future

LABURPENA: Gaur egun, mendien kudeaketa eta baso-politika ingurumeneko eta jasangarritasuneko irizpideetan oinarritzen dira, eta lurraldeko baliabide natural nagusiaren aprobetxamenduari buruzko erabakiak bideratzen dituzte. Hori dela-eta, lurralde-antolamendu ororen markoan, nekazaritzaren, basogintzaren eta abeltzaintzaren arloan jarduten duten eragile publiko eta pribatu guztiek egindako plangintza oinarrizkoa izango da hurrengoa bermatzeko: egun mendia behar bezala aprobetxatuz etorkizuneko belaunaldiei balio sozial eta ekonomiko bera transmititzen dien kudeaketa. RESUMEN: La gestión de los montes y la política forestal se fundamentan, actualmente, en criterios medioambientales y de sostenibilidad que dirigen las decisiones sobre el aprovechamiento del principal recurso natural del territorio. Por ello, en el marco de toda ordenación territorial, la planificación mediante la participación de todos los agentes públicos y privados que operan en el ámbito agrosilvopastoral se erige en instrumento esencial de las orientaciones garantizadoras de una gestión que, aprovechando óptimamente el monte en el presente, transmita ese mismo valor social y económico a las futuras generaciones. ABSTRACT: The management of forests and the forest policy are presently based on enviromental and sustainability criteria which are addressed to the decisions regarding the exploitation of the main natural resource of the territory. Because of it, in the framework of the whole territorial planning, the planning by the participation of all the public and private agents that operate within the agrarian, forest and herding field becomes an essential instrument of the guidelines that guaratee the management which using ideally the forest nowadays give that same social and economic value to the future generations.

Analysing SST 2.0 Tax Burden through the Element of Principle of Good Tax Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
Nur Erma Mohamed Jamel ◽  
Nadiah Abd Hamid ◽  
Sarini Azizan ◽  
Roshayani Arshad ◽  
Rani Diana Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Regressive Tax ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

Since the 70s, the focus of the Malaysian government on sustainable development is to improve the economic well-being of its society. In September 2015, Malaysia reaffirmed this commitment with the other United Nations countries by implementing the 2030 Agenda for 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on the bottom 40% of households (B40). Unfortunately, the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1st April 2015, followed by Sales and Services Tax (SST) 2.0 on 1st September 2018 impacted all income groups especially B40. The public especially B40 claimed that indirect tax is regressive and burdensome (MIER, 2018). Hence, the present study aims to identify the existence of SST 2.0's tax burden assessing through the relationship between elements of guiding principles of good tax policy. Keywords: Sales and Service Tax, enforcement, regressive, tax burden, fairness.

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