scholarly journals Advanced Well Control Reduces Risk of a Blowout

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Nedwed ◽  
Doug Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Blowout Preventer ◽  
Control Concept

Abstract There are still concerns about well control especially for operations in sensitive environments. Currently the final barrier while drilling oil and gas wells is a valve system (blowout preventer or BOP) located on top of wells. These valves can isolate wells by sealing around or shearing through obstructions in the well (e.g. drilling pipe and casing). If these valves fail or if some other barrier in a well fails, hydrocarbon loss to the environment is possible. Adding barriers capable of responding to a well control loss could alleviate these concerns. ExxonMobil is currently evaluating concepts to provide two additional methods to kill an out-of-control well. One utilizes rapid crosslinking polymers to form a polymer-plug seal inside a BOP after a failure. The other is to rapidly pump seawater into a well to produce back pressure that overpressures the entire well bore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping oil / gas bearing zones. Mixing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and other monomers with a ruthenium-based catalyst causes a rapid polymerization reaction that forms a high-strength, stable solid. These reactions can occur under extreme temperatures and pressures while withstanding significant contamination from other fluids and solids. The well-control concept is to rapidly pump the monomers and catalyst into a leaking BOP to form a polymer seal that prevents further flow. The seawater injection concept uses high-pressure and capacity pumps located on a surface vessel and a conduit from these pumps to a port on a BOP. If a blowout occurs, seawater at high rate is pumped in the BOP. If BOP seal failure is the reason for containment loss, then the seawater will overpressure the BOP and seawater will displace the hydrocarbons passing through the leak point. Seawater injection will also overpressure the entire wellbore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping anywhere in the well. For example, if a leak occurs deep in the well, seawater injection into the BOP will overpressure the entire well and the seawater will replace the hydrocarbon flowing through the leak point. We have conducted testing of the polymer plug concept at representative temperatures and pressures using a small-scale BOP. Polymer seals were formed when the scale BOP was flowing drilling mud, a crude-oil surrogate, and water. The seals held up to 5,000 psi pressure for almost 18 hours. We have completed modeling of the seawater injection concept to define pumping needs. This paper describes the current status of concept development.

Small-Scale HISC Testing of a Superduplex Stainless Steel Welded Joint: The Impact and Interaction of Testing and Residual Stresses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Blanchard ◽  
Kasra Sotoudeh ◽  
Tyler London ◽  
Saurabh Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Superduplex Stainless Steel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The combination of high strength and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels (DSSs) has promoted their use in subsea environments, particularly for the oil and gas industry. However, in the past 20 years, costly in-service failures of DSS components have frequently been encountered, most of which were attributed to hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC). This cracking mechanism occurs once a susceptible microstructure coexists with critical levels of hydrogen and stress. In subsea environments, the use of cathodic protection (CP) is a source of hydrogen and the critical stress levels can be reached locally by operation and residual stresses generated during the manufacturing and installation processes. In order to prevent HISC failures, the microstructure, sources of hydrogen and stress levels have to be determined and controlled. An important factor contributing to the total stress experienced by a welded component is the residual stresses induced by welding. In a previous research projects conducted at TWI, residual stresses were measured in a full-scale girth weld between a DSS flange and pipe which had been in service, subsea, for 12 years. This follow-on work, on the same component, tested a number of small-scale cross-weld specimens, under CP to evaluate resistance to HISC of the weld. The observations showed that the cross-weld specimens exhibited superior resistance to HISC than that of the all-parent pipe and flange specimens. This was unexpected, and it was thought that this could potentially be explained by the influence of any compressive residual stresses remained in the small-scale test specimens used for the environmental testing programme. The present work provides the residual stress measurements in small-scale cross-weld specimens, using the neutron diffraction technique, and attempts to explain the relationship between the HISC testing results and residual stresses measured.

scholarly journals Prospective directions for use of geothermal resources in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
A. Dolinsky ◽  
◽  
D. Chalaev ◽  
A. Pereyaslavtseva ◽  
N. Silnyagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields

Geothermal resources are an almost inexhaustible environmentally friendly source of renewable energy. In Ukraine, there are large reserves of hot thermal waters, which are practically not used for the needs of heat power engineering. Analysis of literature data and previous developments carried out at the institutes of IET and IVE NAS of Ukraine made it possible to correct the general and technically possible potential of geothermal energy in Ukraine and determine the most promising directions for the development and implementation of geothermal energy. According to expert estimates, the theoretically possible energy potential of geothermal energy in Ukraine is more than 40 GW in capacity, and the economically viable potential is about 10 GW. The main area of application of geothermal energy in Ukraine is small-scale energy, within which it is possible to create local geothermal energy complexes for the production of electrical and thermal energy, the extraction of useful mineral compounds. The list of modern technologies that are successfully used in the world, and which, in our opinion, must be applied in Ukraine should include: - introduction of technologies of geothermal circulation systems (GCS) with the injection of spent (cooled) geothermal fluid into the aquifer; - introduction of technologies for double-circuit geothermal power supply systems using corrosion-resistant heat exchangers and preinsulated pipelines made of high-strength composite materials; - introduction of GCS technologies with the use of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger of the “pipe-in-pipe” type; - development of technologies for the construction of high-rate wells with horizontal or inclined shafts in an aquifer; - conversion of a significant number of individual idle wells of oil and gas fields to the extraction of geothermal energy using deep coaxial heat exchangers of the “pipe in pipe” type and creating a circulation loop with an intermediate heat carrier; - introduction of modern binary GeoPPs of medium and low power on the basis of serial power modules, for example, “Obcon Powerbox”, Sweden or “Ormat”, Israel and the organization of production of such equipment in Ukraine; - introduction of heat pump technologies to increase the temperature potential of the coolant on the basis of vapor compression heat pumps or absorption thermotransformers; - development and implementation of integrated technologies for the utilization of geothermal energy and the extraction of useful hydromineral resources. A significant reserve for the extraction of geothermal energy is suspended wells in the territory of gas fields, of which there are several thousand on the territory of Ukraine. The developed oil and gas fields, even after their complete closure for the production of hydrocarbons, remain an important energy resource, primarily in the regions of their location, and in the development of state policy and appropriate measures at the state level, and the resource of the entire fuel and energy complex of Ukraine.

Sand Free Production Success Through Proven Technology Enabler from An Untapped Heterogeneous Reservoir Zone Utilizing Gravel Pack Replacement Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Screen Design ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Production Success ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Gravel Pack

The Belida field is an offshore field located in Block B of Indonesia’s South Natuna Sea. This field was discovered in 1989. Both oil and gas bearing reservoirs are present in the Belida field in the Miocene Arang, Udang and Intra Barat Formations. Within the middle Arang Formation, there are three gas pay zones informally referred to as Beta, Gamma and Delta. These sand zones are thin pay zones which need to be carefully planned and economically exploited. Due to the nature of the reservoir, sand production is a challenge and requires downhole sand control. A key challenge for sand control equipment in this application is erosion resistance without inhibiting productivity as high gas rates and associated high flow velocity is expected from the zones, which is known to have caused sand control failure. To help achieve a cost-effective and easily planned deployment solution to produce hydrocarbons, a rigless deployment is the preferred method to deploy downhole sand control. PSD analysis from the reservoir zone suggested from ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ a conventional gravel pack deployment as a means of downhole sand control. However, based on review of newer globally proven sand control technologies since adoption of these ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’, a cost-effective solution could be considered and implemented utilizing Ceramic Sand Screen technology. This paper will discuss the successful application at Block B, Natuna Sea using Ceramic Sand Screens as a rigless intervention solution addressing the erosion / hot spotting challenges in these high rate production zones. The erosion resistance of the Ceramic Sand Screen design allows a deployment methodology directly adjacent to the perforated interval to resist against premature loss of sand control. The robust ceramic screen design gave the flexibility required to develop a cost-effective lower completion deployment methodology both from a challenging make up in the well due to a restrictive lubricator length to the tractor conveyancing in the well to land out at the desired set depth covering the producing zone. The paper will overview the success of multi-service and product supply co-operation adopting technology enablers to challenge ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ replaced by rigless reasoning as a standard well intervention downhole sand control solution where Medco E&P Natuna Ltd. (Medco E&P) faces sand control challenges in their high deviation, sidetracked well stock. The paper draws final attention to the hydrocarbon performance gain resulting due to the ability for choke free production to allow drawing down the well at higher rates than initially expected from this zone.

SANICRO 41

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract SANDVIK SANICRO 41 is a nickel-base corrosion resistant alloy with a composition balanced to resist both oxidizing and reducing environments. A high-strength version (110) is available for oil and gas production. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-475. Producer or source: Sandvik.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and development of a bolted GFRP flange joint for oil and gas applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542198951
Author(s):  
Muhsin Aljuboury ◽  
Md Jahir Rizvi ◽  
Stephen Grove ◽  
Richard Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Composite Pipes

The goal of this experimental study is to manufacture a bolted GFRP flange connection for composite pipes with high strength and performance. A mould was designed and manufactured, which ensures the quality of the composite materials and controls its surface grade. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section X, this GFRP flange was fabricated using biaxial glass fibre braid and polyester resin in a vacuum infusion process. In addition, many experiments were carried out using another mould made of glass to solve process-related issues. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to compare the drilling of the GFRP flange using two types of tools; an Erbauer diamond tile drill bit and a Brad & Spur K10 drill. Six GFRP flanges were manufactured to reach the final product with acceptable quality and performance. The flange was adhesively bonded to a composite pipe after chamfering the end of the pipe. Another type of commercially-available composite flange was used to close the other end of the pipe. Finally, blind flanges were used to close both ends, making the pressure vessel that will be tested under the range of the bolt load and internal pressure.

Effects of Perforated Flow Tube on the Flow Field of a Blowout Well

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1470-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Hajidavalloo ◽  
Saeed Alidadi Dehkohneh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Tube ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Blowout Preventer ◽  
New Type ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Simple Flow

Summary When a blowout oil/gas well catches fire, usually a flow tube is used to detach the fire from the wellhead and provide appropriate conditions for operating team members to approach the well and install the blowout-preventer (BOP) cap. Using the flow tube above the wellhead creates powerful suction around the tube that may jeopardize the safety of crew members. To reduce the power of suction around the well, a new perforated flow tube instead of simple flow tube was introduced. To understand the effect of this new type of flow tube, modeling and simulation of the flow field around the blowout well were performed for both simple and perforated types of flow tube with Fluent 6.3.26 (2003) and Gambit 2.3.16 (2003) softwares. Different parameters around the well mouth were compared in both designs. The results showed that using the perforated flow tube decreases the vacuum around the well by 33% compared with the simple flow tubes. Thus, application of the perforated flow tube can be recommended in well-control operations for safety measures.

Effect of Full- and Small-Scale Reeling Simulation on Mechanical Properties of Weldable 13Cr Seamless Line Pipe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Shitamoto ◽  
Nobuyuki Hisamune
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

There are several methods currently being used to install offshore oil and gas pipelines. The reel-lay process is fast and one of the most effective offshore pipeline installation methods for seamless, ERW, and UOE line pipes with outside diameters of 18 inches or less. In the case of the reel-laying method, line pipes are subjected to plastic deformation multiplication during reel-laying. It is thus important to understand the change of the mechanical properties of line pipes before and after reel-laying. Therefore, full-scale reeling (FSR) simulations and small-scale reeling (SSR) simulations are applied as evaluation tests for reel-laying. In this study, FSR simulations were performed to investigate the effect of cyclic deformation on the mechanical properties of weldable 13Cr seamless line pipes. Furthermore, SSR simulations were performed to compare the results obtained by FSR simulations.

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