Effect of Acetic Acid on Postprandial Hyperglycemia after Feeding Brown Rice or White Rice to Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a predisposing factor for vascular dysfunction and organ damage.α-glucosidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that increases the glucose absorption rate and subsequently elevates blood glucose levels. Garlic (Allium sativumL.) is a rich source of several phytonutrients, including thiosulfinate (THIO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of THIO, a potent inhibitor of intestinalα-glucosidase, to reduce postprandial blood glucose. Male albino rats were randomly assigned to five different groups (n=10/group). Group 1 served as the control group. Groups 2–5 were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Group 2 comprised untreated diabetic rats. Groups 3 and 4 contained diabetic rats that were given THIO orally (20 mg/kg body weight/day and 40 mg/kg body weight/day, resp.). Group 5 was the positive control having diabetic rats treated orally with acarbose (10 mg/kg body weight/day; positive control). Diabetic rats treated with THIO displayed a significant blood glucose reduction (p<0.001and < 0.01 by analysis of variance, resp.) and a significant elevation in insulin compared with that of untreated rats. THIO is an effective noncompetitive intestinalα-glucosidase inhibitor that promotes hypoglycemic action (p<0.001) in STZ-injected rats. THIO is a promising agent for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia.

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Analysis of Fungal Contamination on Commercially Sold Rice in Puerto Rico

American Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.33697/ajur.2018.016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Colón Carrión ◽

Chad Lozada Troche

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Brown Rice ◽

P Value ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Penicillium Verrucosum ◽

Normal Surface ◽

White Rice ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Fungal Contaminants

Crops and stored grains are susceptible to pathogens that represent a threat to our health. The study presented herein compares the normal surface and endophytic fungal communities present on white and brown rice grains. One hundred grains of each rice variety was analyzed to determine their fungal contaminants and endophytes. Fungi were inoculated on SDA media, and purified in PDA media; morphological characterization was performed followed by amplification of the ITS region using PCR for all fungal isolates. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between medium brown rice compared to white rice for surface and endophytic communities (p-value £ 0.05). In addition, a higher fungal diversity was found on brown rice grains compared to white rice. This variation may be due to differences in the processing methods used for each rice grain type. BLAST analysis revealed the presence of toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, A.oryzae, Penicillium verrucosum, and P. viridicatum. The study of fungal growth in rice grains can contribute to the minimization of mycotoxin production by its prevention and control; therefore, decreasing crop contamination and human exposure to their metabolites. KEYWORDS: Fungi; Rice; Fungal contaminants; Fungal endophytes

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COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.38.5.924 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 924-924

Author(s):

CHARLES U. LOWE ◽

DAVID B. COURSIN ◽

FELIX P. HEALD ◽

ROBERT KAYE ◽

DONOUGH O'BRIEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World War I ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Field Trials ◽

The Philippines ◽

White Rice ◽

Eastern Area ◽

Chemical Division ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Western Area

WITH A note of sadness, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics wishes to call to the attention of the membership the death of Robert Ramapatnam Williams. A noted chemist and scientist, Dr. Williams obtained world renown for his work on the isolation, identification, and synthesis of vitamin B1. He died at his home in Summit, New Jersey, in October 1965. Born in Nellore, India, February 16, 1886, of American missionary parents, he began teaching in the Philippines in 1908 and considered the Islands his second home. Williams never found time to earn a doctorate, although he attended Ottawa University (Kansas) and the University of Chicago for undergraduate and postgraduate work. He earned a B.S. in 1907 and an M.S. in 1908 and received honorary LL.D. and D.Sc. degrees from numerous universities. The story of his work with beriberi is one of the most exciting in the field of nutrition. While working in the Philippines in 1910 with the Chemical Division of the Bureau of Science, he became interested in the disease. He assisted in treating an infant dying of beriberi with brown-rice bran syrup. The child's dramatic recovery stirred the synthesis of thiamine chloride. His work culminated in extensive field trials, again in the Philippines, shortly after World War I. For this study, the Bataan peninsula was divided into two parts. In the western area the inhabitants ate plain white rice; those in the eastern area received plain white rice enriched with rice coated with vitamin B1, concentrate. Within weeks the death rate from beriberi dropped dramatically in the eastern area. It remained high in the western area until smugglers began "running in" the treated rice.

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Comparative study of red yeast rice with high monacolin K, low citrinin concentration and pigments in white rice and brown rice

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/474/2017-cjfs ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pramuan Saithong ◽

Wanida Tewaruth Chitisankul ◽

Supachi Nitipan

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Monascus Purpureus ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Monacolin K ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

White Rice ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Target Strain

Growth pigments and metabolites of monacolin K and citrinin were compared for Monascus purpureus during 14-day solid-state ermentation on white rice and brown rice (Chai-Nart cultivar). Monascus purpureus IFRPD 4046 was selected as the target strain which produced the ighesth monacolin K content and the lowest citrinin content. Optimum fermentation conditions regarding moisture content, temperature and fermentation time were determined. A comparative study showed that monacolin K production in white rice was about twice higher than in brown rice. At the optimum conditions, concentrations of monacolin K dried at 55°C to constant weight were 132.98 and 66.48 mg/100 g in white rice and brown rice, respectively while citrinin was not detected. Results revealed that the IFRPD 4046 strain has a potential to produce red yeast rice with higher monacolin K in white rice than<br />in brown rice with low citrinin content.

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Detection of Aflatoxins in Rice Samples

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v49i3.22134 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 189-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A Nisa ◽

N Zahra ◽

S Hina

Keyword(s):

Protein Metabolism ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Parboiled Rice ◽

White Rice ◽

Broken Rice ◽

The World ◽

Rice Samples ◽

Layer Chromatography

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of cereals and other commodities throughout the world. Chronic dietary exposure even to low doses of aflatoxins is a known risk factor for liver cancer and effect protein metabolism and immunity. The study was carried out on a 1029 samples of brown rice, 1561 samples of white rice, 33 samples of broken rice, 13 samples of Sella rice, 52 samples of parboiled rice of export quality from Pakistan during the years 2006-2010 for determination of Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 by Thin Layer Chromatography. 341 (33.13%) samples of white rice, 350 (22.42%) samples of brown rice, 13 (39.39%) samples of broken rice, 25 (24.27%) samples of Sella rice and 14 (26.92%) samples of parboiled rice were found contaminated with B1. B2 was detected in 33 (3.20%) samples of white rice, 23 (1.47%) samples of brown rice and 1(3.03%) samples of broken rice. While G1 is found in 9 (0.8%) samples of white rice, 57 (3.65%) samples of brown rice, 1 (1.5 %) samples of parboiled rice. Aflatoxin G2 was absent in all samples. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i3.22134 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(3), 189-194, 2014

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