Microbiological Evaluation of Ready-to-Drink Tigernut Drinks Sold within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Francis Sopuruchukwu Ire ◽  
Goziem Kim Benneth ◽  
Ndukwe Maduka
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Corynebacterium Sp

Aims: Tigernut drink are made from tigernut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) and rich in nutrients. This drink is locally produced and widely consumed in Nigeria irrespective of social status. This study is aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and physicochemical property of tigernut drinks sold within Port Harcourt metropolis. Methodology: Thirty (30) samples of freshly prepared and packaged tigernut drinks were randomly purchased from different vendors in five locations of Port Harcourt metropolis (Agip Estate, Abuja Campus (Uniport), Choba, Mile 1 and Mile 2 Markets). The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological and physicochemical methods. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to analyze the data. Results: Results obtained showed that the pH of the samples ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 while the total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 6. 54-6.74 log10 CFU/mL. Total fungal count of tigernut drinks ranged from 6.0-6.2 log10 CFU/mL. A total of nine (9) bacterial genera namely Staphylococcus sp. (37.3%), Escherichia sp. (21.3%), Salmonella sp. (12%), Pseudomonas sp. (12%), Klebsiella sp. (4%), Bacillus sp. (4%), Micrococcus sp. (4%), Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) were isolated from the samples. Six (6) fungal genera were also encountered in the drink sampled which include Rhizopus sp. (1.4%), Saccharomyces sp. (4.4%), Aspergillus sp. (30.9%), Fusarium sp. (26.5%), Penicillium sp. (30.9%) and Candida sp. (5.9%). The result revealed that Staphylococcus sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (37.3%) followed by E. coli (21.3%), while Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) recorded the least. Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (30.9%) whereas Rhizopus sp. had the least (1.4%). The results of this study revealed that all the samples from the five (5) locations were heavily contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and found not suitable for human consumption based on the standard recommended by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). NAFDAC stipulated that mesophilic aerobic count of locally prepared beverages should be < 5.0 log10 CFU/mL. Conclusion: The huge contamination recorded in all the samples irrespective of the location could be linked to poor hygienic levels during processing. Therefore, good manufacturing practices, public health enlightenment campaign and strict regulations from relevant agencies are recommended to avoid foodborne infections, diseases and possible deaths which could result from consumption of such contaminated tigernut drinks.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacterial and Fungal Populations Present in the Wastewater Released by the Ogbe Slaughterhouse

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Michael ◽  
Ike Christian ◽  
Nwachukwu Ogechi ◽  
Eboagwu Ijeoma ◽  
Odika Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

This work aimed to characterize the bacterial and fungal concentrates present in the wastewater thrown by the Ogbe slaughterhouse. Bacterial and fungal concentrates from Ogbe slaughterhouse wastewater were evaluated at two seasons. Results obtained showed total heterotrophic bacterial count (2.0×105-2.1×105 cfu/mL) and total fungal count (1.5×105-2.0×105 cfu/mL). Bacterial isolates such as Acinetobacter sp. (0.50-3.65%), Citrobacter sp. (3.00-9.13%), Escherichia sp. (2.50-13.69%), Klebsiella sp. (2.50-14.16%), Proteus sp. (2.00-9.13%), and Staphylococcus sp. (11.00-13.69%) were higher in dry season than rainy season. Bacillus sp. (9.13-23.00%), Enterobacter sp. (0.00-3.00%), Micrococcus sp. (6.85-7.50%), Pseudomonas sp. (12.84-25.00%), Salmonella sp. (4.57-5.00%), Serratia sp. (0.00-1.50%) and Streptococcus sp. (4.57-13.00%) were higher in rainy season than dry season. Mould isolates such as Absidia sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp., were observed in the present study. Apart from Penicillium sp., the percentage occurrence of all the observed mould isolates in wastewater for the seasons were higher than their respective control. Candida sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Torulopsis sp, were among the yeast isolated from wastewater generated from Ogbe abattoir in this study.  The observed isolates become important when their potential risk as pathogens as well as the intensified environmental health hazards they pose to humans living within the abattoir environment are considered.

scholarly journals Air Quality Assessment of Port Harcourt Urban Slums and Health Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
M. E. Amesi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

This study was conducted to assess the outdoor air quality of some urban slums in Port Harcourt. Six sampling sites were selected, from the Port Harcourt urban slums; two sites from each slum represented with a suffix 1 or 2.  The slums are designated Marine base (#1 and #2), RSU BG, Obudu 2, Bundu (#1 and #2). The air quality was analyzed using portable handheld air quality analyzer and the microbiological parameters were determined by standard cultural method. The study revealed that the sampled sites were laden with bacterial and fungal species. namely; Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp., Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Baccilus sp., Aeromonas sp., Streptococus sp., Serratia sp., Aerococcus sp., Proteus sp. Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Candida sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp. and Tricorderma sp. Highest obtained noise level was at Marine base 1 which was  66 db, highest relative humidity of 54.8% at RSU BG, CO2  (ppm) values of 4.8, 80, 796, 850, 638, 698 for Marine base 2, Marine base 1, Obudu 2, RSU BG, Bundu 1 and Bundu 2 respectively. The values for NO2 (ppm) was (0.05, 0.053, 0.071, 0.022, 0.035, 0.023), suspended particulate matter (ppm) was (7.1, 8.7, 9.5, 9.5, 6.2, 6.2), SO2 (ppm) was (0.42, 0.15, 0.50, 0.34, 1.26, 0.41) CO (ppm) was (4.8, 1.7, 2.2, 3.0, 3.9, 3.6) and volatile organic compound (ppm) was (1.0, 1.1, 0.9, 75 and 1.2). This study has shown that Port Harcourt urban slums are experiencing some degree of contamination not acceptable for healthy living that requires attention to curb. These areas require all-round improvement in sanitation.   M Give one sentence on methodology.

scholarly journals Hygienic Quality of Indian Sweet Milk Products from Different Sources

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Karthikeyan ◽  
B Dhanakakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Different Sources

Seventy samples of milk sweets including 30 samples of khoa, 10 samples of burfi, 10 samples of gulabjamun, 10 samples of kalakand and 10 samples of peda from local vendors, private manufacturers and organized dairies in and around Chennai, India were collected. The milk products were examined for microbial quality that includes enumeration of total viable bacteria, coliforms, phychrotrops, aerobic spore farmers, yeast and mould and isolation, identification of mould species were carried out. The results revealed that the bacterial count, yeast and mould count of local vendor’s samples were significantly (P<0.01) higher when compared to private manufacturers and organized dairies except psychrotrophic count in local and private vendor’s samples were identical. The total percentage of occurrence of Aspergillus sp. isolated from khoa samples was found to be the highest (63.08 per cent) followed by Penicillium sp. (17.38 per cent), Rhizopus sp. (10.86 per cent), Fusarium sp. (4.34 per cent) and Mucor sp (4.34 per cent). However, the total percentage of occurrence of Aspergillus sp isolated from khoa based milk sweet samples was also found to be the highest (70.90 per cent) followed by Penicillium sp. (15.11 per cent), Rhizopus sp. (9.30 per cent), Mucor sp. (3.48 per cent) and Fusarium sp. (1.16 per cent). The present study concluded that the khoa, khoa based sweets produced by the local vendors were inferior in quality as compared private and organized dairies. Key words: Khoa; milk sweets; bacteriological count; yeast and mould; different sourcesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v27i2.9168 BJM 2010; 27(2): 32-37

Grupos de fungos e bactérias isolados no trato respiratório de aves marinhas em reabilitação na região costeira da Baixada Santista

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Bruna Del Busso Zampieri ◽  
Andrea Maranho ◽  
Ana Julia Fernandes Cardoso de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

O Brasil apresenta diversidade representativa de aves marinhas residentes e migratórias. Muitas dessas aves são encontradas debilitadas nas praias e são levadas para centros de reabilitação para tratamento e posterior soltura. Algumas dessas aves marinhas, devido ao aumento da poluição costeira e próprio estresse do manejo e do cativeiro, podem ser acometidas por doenças bacterianas e fungicas. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar as principais espécies de fungos e bactérias presentes no trato respiratório de aves marinhas encontradas debilitadas na região costeira da Baixada Santista. Através das analises microbiológicas foram encontrados seis gêneros principais de bactérias: Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Salmonella sp, Enterococcus sp e Clostridium sp e quatro de fungos: Candida sp, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Trichophyton sp. Grande parte desses microrganismos faz parte da microbiota desses animais, mas quando existe uma queda na resistência devido ao estresse causado pela migração, falta de alimento, ou mesmo durante o manejo, podem se tornar doenças graves que se não tratadas podem levar a morte das aves. Por isso, é necessário um diagnóstico prévio, para um tratamento eficaz, fazendo que o sucesso na reintrodução ou realocação seja maior contribuindo assim para conservação das espécies.

scholarly journals Transporte, patogenicidade e transmissibilidade de fungos associados às sementes de pinhão manso

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Alves Corrêa de Sá ◽  
Gil Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Gleiber Quintão Furtado ◽  
Eduardo Andréa Lemus Erasmo ◽  
Ildon Rodrigues do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Objetivou-se determinar a taxa de transporte de população de fungos associados às sementes de pinhão manso, a patogenicidade desses microrganismos a plântulas e frutos e a transmissibilidade fruto-semente e semente-plântula. Avaliaram-se a taxa de transporte, por meio de blotter test, de sementes produzidas nos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia e Tocantins. As sementes foram submetidas aos tratamentos: sem desinfestação com tegumento (SDCT), sem desinfestação sem tegumento (SDST), com desinfestação com tegumento (CDCT) e com desinfestação sem tegumento (CDST). A incidência (%) dos fungos foi avaliada sob microscópio estereoscópico binocular. Para o teste de patogenicidade em plântulas e frutos inocularam-se suspensões de 10(6) esporos e discos de BDA com micélio, respectivamente. Para os fungos fitopatogênicos avaliaram-se a transmissibilidade fruto-semente e semente-plântula. O tratamento SDCT permitiu a detecção de maior número de fungos. Os fungos identificados foram Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. capsici, Curvularia sp., Verticillium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., A. niger e Rhizopus sp. Apenas as espécies de Colletotrichum são patogênicas às plântulas e frutos. Para ambas espécies há transmissibilidade fruto-semente, entretanto não é observada transmissão semente-plântula.

scholarly journals Primer informe de Nodulosporium (Xylariaceae) en Theobroma cacao L. en Chiapas, México y pruebas de patogenicidad

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Aidé González Ruiz ◽  
Abiel Sánchez Arizpe ◽  
Yisa Maria Ochoa Fuentes ◽  
Ma. Elizabeth Galindo Cepeda ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

  Nodulosporium es un hongo ampliamente distribuido y que se encuentra en zonas tropicales y se ha reportado como fitopatógeno ocasionando muerte descendente, pudriciones y resinosis, también se le considera como un potencial agente de control biológico de otros hongos y oomicetos. El estado teleomorfo se encuentra en estado solitario y en racimos, y se ha reportado como endófito, saprofito o fitopatógeno débil. La variedad criolla de cacao Theobroma cacao, es de gran relevancia ecológica, económica y cultural en el estado de Chiapas; sin embargo, presenta alta susceptibilidad a enfermedades a diferencia de otras variedades importantes, afectando la calidad y producción. En Villa de Comaltitlán Chiapas se observaron frutos de cacao con características típicas de síntomas de pudrición. El objetivo fue identificar los hongos asociados a frutos de cacao enfermos con síntomas de pudrición. Se identificaron morfológicamente los hongos Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp., y Nodulosporium sp. Se informa por primera ocasión la presencia de Nodulosporium sp., en frutos de cacao con síntomas de pudrición de Villa de Comaltitlán, Chiapas, México. Se describe las características morfológicas y morfométricas de Nodulosporium sp. e Hypoxylon sp., y su identificación molecular. Se confirmó la patogenicidad de Nodulosporium sp., en follaje del cultivo causando clorosis y deshidratación de la hoja, y se recuperó en forma de picnidios y micelio con conidios, correspondiendo a su teleomorfo, identificado como Hypoxylon morfológica y molecularmente con los oligonucleótidos ITS4-ITS5.

scholarly journals Qualidade microbiológica do ar em ambiente de um instituto de oncologia e radioterapia do município de Porto Velho

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Renata Maiara Afonso Cunha ◽  
Elton Bill Amaral de Souza ◽  
Helen Queite Guterres Barros Gazola
Keyword(s):  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Porto Velho

Levando em consideração a relevância para a saúde de pacientes em internação hospitalar e profissionais presentes nessas instituições de saúde que ocupam esses ambientes climatizados por meio de ar condicionado, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os fungos encontrados e indicar os riscos que eles podem causar em pacientes em tratamento de câncer por meio da qualidade microbiológica do ar do Instituto de Oncologia e Radioterapia do município de Porto Velho/RO. Foi utilizado para a coleta de amostras a técnica de sedimentação espontânea realizando quatro coletas a cada 20 dias (ano de 2015) nos 4 setores, na qual a Placa 1 foi exposta por 15 minutos; a Placa 2 por 25 minutos e a Placa 3 por 30 minutos em pontos estratégicos a 1,5 metros do piso, no centro destes determinados setores, em horários que apresentavam um grande número de pessoas circulando. Foram identificados a presença de nove gêneros de fungos como o Acremonium sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Geotrichum sp., Trichosporon sp. e Rhizopus sp. que representam grande potencialidade de infecções em pacientes imunocomprometidos, como os pacientes em tratamento de câncer, sendo o Arpergillus sp. presente em todos os setores do instituto, com isto é necessário o monitoramento contínuo do ar interior e aparelhos de ar condicionado para impedir infecções nosocomiais principalmente de pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico e de radioterapia.

scholarly journals Trigona sp. COMO VISITANTE FLORAL E VETOR DE ESPOROS FÚNGICOS PARA GOIABEIRA (Psidium guajava L. – MYRTACEAE)

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (55) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart ◽  
Carolina Lamas ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a ação de Trigona sp. como visitante floral e vetor de esporos fúngicos para goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). As observações foram feitas entre dezembro de 2003 e fevereiro de 2004 em flores de goiabeiras do Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foi verificado que três gêneros de abelhas estavam visitando as flores de goiaba: Apis melifera, Bombus sp. e Trigona sp.. Entretanto, Trigona demonstrou ser mais freqüente que as outras durante as observações. A freqüência de visitas de Trigona foi maior durante o início da manhã, decrescendo ao longo do dia. A avaliação dos fungos associados a Trigona demonstrou a presença de 11 gêneros distintos: Acremonium sp., Altenaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fonsecaea sp., Fusarium sp., Mycelia sterilia, Penicillium sp., Phoma sp. e Rhizopus sp.. 48 % destes representam fitopatógenos potenciais como Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. e Phoma sp.. Estes dados demonstram que o gênero Trigona pode atuar na disseminação de doenças para diversas culturas, funcionando como vetor de esporos fúngicos para outras plantas.

scholarly journals MYCOBIOTA OF SOILS OF URBAN TERRITORIES WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
Elena V. Khaldeeva ◽  
A. A. Bayazitova ◽  
S. A. Lisovskaya ◽  
N. I. Glushko ◽  
V. R. Parshakov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Transport Zone ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Different Levels

Anthropogenic forcing has a huge impact on the formation of the ecosystem of modern cities, including the composition of the mycobiota of the urban environment. The paper presents the results of mycological studies of soil samples taken in the city of Kazan in areas divided into recreational and transport functional areas with different levels of anthropogenic load. More than 60 species of fungi belonging to 15 genera, including 20 species common to soils in both zones were identified. Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizomucor sp., Trichoderma viride were shown to dominate in undisturbed natural areas, and in soils of the urban environment there was much more often found the presence of Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichophyton sp. In areas with good natural light the percentage of samples with low contamination by fungi was established to be significantly higher than in shaded areas: 16.7% and 7.1% in the recreational area; and 12.5% and 0% in the transport zone correspondingly. Potentially pathogenic species of fungi were detected in 80% of samples of recreational and in 95% of samples of transport areas. Dark-colored species (including Aspergillus, Alternaria, etc.) were shown to be more common in soils of transport zone, and Trichophyton sp. and Scopulariopsis sp. - in soils of recreational zone. The evaluation of mycological hazard index allowed to estimate the condition of the soil of Kazan as satisfactory for 80% of sites of recreational and 65% - of the transport area. The average value of the mycological hazard index for recreational areas was 2.7 and for the transport areas - 4.2. Results indicate to regular mycological monitoring would be desirable for the normalization of the mycological environment, significantly reducing the risk of mycosis, mycotoxicosis and mycogenic allergies, and should help to ensure sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population.

scholarly journals ENZYME ACTIVITY OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH STORED MAIZE GRAINS OBTAINED FROM SOME SELECTED FARMS NEAR BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
G. B. Popoola ◽  
F. I. Okungbowa
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Food Spoilage Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Global concern about food safety has led to increased interest in the study of food-spoilage fungi. Contaminated food affects human and animal health when such food items are consumed. This study was carried out to determine the fungi associated with stored corn in a bid to establishing their possible role in deterioration of corn. Using standard procedures, these fungi were isolated:  Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Rhizopus species. Results revealed the production of enzymes (protease, amylase, and lipase) by the fungi. The activity of these enzymes could play a role in the spoilage of corn by the fungi.  In addition, the isolated fungi are known to be associated with postharvest yield losses in stored produce as well as producing toxins. Therefore, the data presented will help in choosing postharvest practices that will reduce contamination by these fungi. Protease activity values of the isolates ranged from 1.426±0.042 – 1.748±0.023µml-1 (in Aspergillus sp.), 1.599±0.018 – 1.990±0.019µml-1 (in Rhizopus sp.), 1.364±0.018 – 1.679±0.012µml-1 (in Trichoderma sp.) and (1.544±0.017 – 1.714±0.013 μml-1 (in Penicillium sp.). Amylase activity was highest in Rhizopus (1.625±0.054 – 1.790±0.013 μml-1), followed by Penicillium sp and lowest in Aspergillus sp. Lipase activity was highest in Penicillium and lowest in Aspergillus. The detection and identification of fungi are crucial to developing appropriate management strategies for stored corn.  Postharvest losses due to these fungi will lead to reduced income for the farmers.

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