scholarly journals A Review on Healthier Dietary Fats for Lower Calories in Take and Body Weight Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Rabie S. Farag ◽  
Hanafy A. Hashem ◽  
Abdel-Alrahman Naser ◽  
Montaser A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Body Weight Control

Obesity is a global problem and numbers are rising at a fast pace in developing countries and it becomes a major public health concern. Economic costs associated with obesity are high and increasing with the rate of obesity. Obesity is a state of body fat being accumulated in excess, and it is well known that many diseases including metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and hyperlipemia and diseases in circulatory organs Such as hypertension and ischemic cardiac diseases tend to follow obesity. The fat contained in meals is one of the nutrients most profoundly related to the accumulation of body fat, but the excessive ingestion of fat may result in obesity. However, fat has intrinsic taste, and meals of extremely reduced-fat are often insufficient to give Satisfaction. Further, when deep-fried food or fried food is made, edible oil is indispensable as a heating medium. The so-called fat substitutes were developed in the early 2000s for resolving such a situation. However, none of them are fully satisfactory in Safety, physical properties, cooking properties and flavor. This review will discuss the dietary fats that were developed for different food applications which are claimed as healthy oils with lower calorie intake than classical triglycerides oils which have a caloric content of average of 9 cal/gm and recommendations for optimum healthier and dietary for obesity and diabetic control and lower calories food.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Image and Body Weight Control in Overweight ≥55-Year-Old Adults: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bouzas ◽  
Maria del Mar Bibiloni ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Body Weight Control

Objective: To assess the scientific evidence on the relationship between body image and body weight control in overweight ≥55-year-old adults. Methods: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE database via PubMed, using terms related to body image, weight control and body composition. Inclusion criteria were scientific papers, written in English or Spanish, made on older adults. Exclusion criteria were eating and psychological disorders, low sample size, cancer, severe diseases, physiological disorders other than metabolic syndrome, and bariatric surgery. Results: Fifty-seven studies were included. Only thirteen were conducted exclusively among ≥55-year-old adults or performed analysis adjusted by age. Overweight perception was related to spontaneous weight management, which usually concerned dieting and exercising. More men than women showed over-perception of body image. Ethnics showed different satisfaction level with body weight. As age increases, conformism with body shape, as well as expectations concerning body weight decrease. Misperception and dissatisfaction with body weight are risk factors for participating in an unhealthy lifestyle and make it harder to follow a healthier lifestyle. Body image disturbance also made it more likely to underreport calorie intake. Conclusions: Aging is associated with a decrease in weight concerns and lower overweight perception, especially in women. However, when designing a program to improve body image in overweight ≥55-year-old adults, three items ought to be considered: physical activity, dietary and behavioral treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Calorie Restriction or Exercise on the PI3K and Ras Signaling Pathways in the Skin of Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (38) ◽  
pp. 28025-28035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linglin Xie ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Ping Ouyang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Hieu Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Ad Libitum

Weight control by exercise and dietary calorie restriction (DCR) has been associated with reduced cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study was designed to compare the effects of weight loss by increasing physical activity or decreasing calorie intake on tumor promoter-induced Ras-MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways. SENCAR mice were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups: ad libitum-fed sedentary control, ad libitum-fed exercise (AL+Exe), exercise but pair-fed at the amount as controls (PF+Exe), 20% DCR, and 20% DCR plus exercise (DCR+Exe). After 10 weeks, body weight and body fat significantly decreased in the groups of DCR, DCR+Exe, and PF+Exe when compared with the controls. AL+Exe did not induce weight loss due to, at least in part, increased food intake. Plasma IGF-1 levels reduced significantly in DCR and DCR+Exe but not PF+Exe. The protein H-Ras and activated Ras-GTP significantly decreased in TPA-induced skin tissues of DCR-fed mice but not exercised mice. PI3K protein, phosphoserine Akt, and p42/p44-MAPK were reduced, however, in both DCR and PF+Exe groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the significantly reduced H-Ras occurred in subcutaneous fat cells, while the reduced PI3K and PCNA took place only in the epidermis. Plasma leptin decreased in PF+Exe, DCR, and DCR+Exe, while the caspase-3 activity increased in DCR+Exe only. Genomic microarray analysis further indicated that the expression of 34 genes relevant to PI3K and 31 genes to the MAPK pathway were significantly regulated by either DCR or PF+Exe treatments. The reduced PI3K in PF+Exe mice was partially reversed by IGF-1 treatment. The overall results of this study demonstrated that DCR abrogated both Ras and PI3K signaling, which might inhibit TPA-induced proliferation and anti-apoptosis. Selective inhibition of PI3K by PF+Exe but not AL+Exe seems more attributable to the magnitude of the caloric deficit and/or body fat loss than diet versus exercise comparison.

scholarly journals Ketogenic diets, physical activity, and body composition: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-68
Author(s):  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Hoda Bavi ◽  
Julien S Baker ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

Abstract Obesity remains a serious relevant public health concern throughout the world despite related countermeasures being well understood (i.e., mainly physical activity and an adjusted diet). Among different nutritional approaches, there is a growing interest in ketogenic diets (KDs) to manipulate body mass (BM) and to enhance fat mass (FM) loss. KDs reduce the daily amount of carbohydrate intake drastically. This results in increased fatty acid utilization, leading to an increase in blood ketone bodies (KBs) (acetoacetate [AcAc], 3-β-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], and acetone), and therefore metabolic ketosis. For many years, nutritional intervention studies have focused on reducing dietary fat with little or conflicting positive results over the long-term. Moreover, current nutritional guidelines for athletes propose carbohydrate-based diets to augment muscular adaptations. This review discusses the physiological basis of KDs and their effects on BM reduction and body composition improvements in sedentary individuals combined with different types of exercise (resistance training [RT] or endurance training [ET]) in individuals with obesity and athletes. Ultimately, we discuss the strengths and the weaknesses of these nutritional interventions together with precautionary measures that should be observed in both individuals with obesity and athletic populations. A literature search from 1921 to April 2021 using MEDLINE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, and SPORTDISCUS databases were used to identify relevant studies. In summary, based on the current evidence, KDs are an efficient method to reduce BM and body fat in both individuals with obesity and athletes. However, these positive impacts are mainly because of the appetite suppressive effects of KDs, which can decrease daily calorie intake. Therefore, KDs do not have any superior benefits to non-KDs in BM and body fat loss in individuals with obesity and athletic populations in an isocaloric situation. In sedentary individuals with obesity, it seems that fat-free mass (FFM) changes appear to be as great, if not greater, than decreases following a low-fat diet (LFD). In terms of lean mass, it seems that following a KD can cause FFM loss in resistance-trained individuals. In contrast, the FFM-preserving effects of KDs are more efficient in endurance-trained compared to resistance-trained individuals.

scholarly journals The effects of weight fluctuation on the components of metabolic syndrome: a 16-year prospective cohort study in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Ran Chin ◽  
Eun Sun So
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Weight Fluctuation

Abstract Background Weight fluctuation (WF) is highly prevalent in parallel with the high prevalence of intentional or unintentional dieting. The health risks of frequent WF for metabolic syndrome (MS) have become a public health concern, especially for health care providers who supervise dieting as an intervention to prevent obesity-related morbidity or to improve health, as well as for the general population for whom dieting is of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of WF on the risk of MS in Koreans. Methods This study analyzed secondary data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a 16-year prospective cohort study, on 8150 individuals using time-dependent Cox regression. Results WF did not increase the risk of MS in either normal-weight or obese subjects. In an analysis of the components of MS, greater WF significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07, p < 0.001) in normal-weight individuals. However, WF did not increase the risk of hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, or raised fasting glucose in normal-weight individuals, and it did not influence any of the components of MS in obese individuals. Conclusion Since WF was found to be a risk factor for abdominal obesity, which is the most reliable predictor of MS, it should be considered when addressing weight control. Further studies on cut-off points for the degree of weight loss in a certain period need to be conducted to help clinicians provide guidance on appropriate weight control.

scholarly journals Az étrend szerepe a húgyúti kövek kialakulásában és megelőzésében

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (22) ◽  
pp. 851-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Szendrői ◽  
Ákos Tordé ◽  
Judit Vargha ◽  
Gergely Bánfi ◽  
András Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Body Weight Control

Abstract: In Hungary and in the developed countries urinary stones occur more often due to nutritional habits, obesity and sedentary lifestyle beside the endocrine and metabolic causes. In the daily urological and family doctor practice prevention should have an important role. Prevention is based not only on body weight control, physical exercise and medical treatment, but on proper diet as well. The nutritional components can change the consistence of urine, causing supersaturation, which is essential in stone formation. Specific nutritional components can either prevent stone formation (increased fluid intake, citrate, magnesium, fruits and vegetables) or either increase stone formation (decreased fluid intake, proteins, carbohydrates, oxalate, salt, increased calcium intake, ascorbic-acid etc). We summarized evidence-based practical dietary suggestions on the primary and secondary prevention of urinary stones. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(22): 851–855.

Recent insights into body weight control: From physiology to pathology

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krysiak ◽  
Bogus?aw Okopie? ◽  
Dariusz Belowski ◽  
Andrzej Madej ◽  
Zbigniew Stanis?aw Herman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Weight Control

scholarly journals Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7170
Author(s):  
Helena Pinos ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Ana Merchán ◽  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the data provided in the scientific literature for a possible association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity in offspring. A total of 25 human and 9 animal studies were analyzed. The prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and carbamate, as well as a combined pesticide exposure was reviewed. This systematic review reveals that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, finding conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. The outcomes reviewed are dependent on many factors, including dosage and route of administration, species, sex, and treatment duration. More research is needed to effectively evaluate the impact of the combined effects of different pesticides on human health.

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