scholarly journals Crop Residue Burning: Issue and Management for Climate-Smart Agriculture in NCR Region, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjeet . ◽  
Joginder Singh Malik ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Crop Residue Burning

Today India enjoys the second position worldwide in agricultural output and as well as plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic construction of India too. There is no doubt that intensive agriculture also plays a significant role in climate change over time. Today climate change becomes the major concern all over the globe. The main cause of climate change is the various anthropogenic activities, in these agricultural Crop Residue Burning (CRB) of rice and wheat crops has been identified as a major reason for climate change. This unwise practice as it leads to severe air pollution and emits traces of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, and particulates which affect causing various respiratory and other health problems along with as a regional polluter as per various studies. In addition, it causes the loss of vital nutrients from the soil resulting in the loss of fertility and unviable for agriculture in the long run. Along with this CRB create visibility problems in vehicle driving which result in many road accidents every year. In a recent study it is estimated that India annually emissions of 824 Gg of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), 58 Gg of Elemental Carbon (EC) and 239 Gg of Organic Carbon (OC). Additionally, 211 Tg of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) were also added to the atmosphere. In this regarding Punjab and Haryana are the major contributor to air pollution due to residue burning. These two states contribute to 48 percent of the total emission due to paddy and wheat straw burning across India. Now the time has occurred to tackle this noxious practice with best management practices and capacity building of the farmer community to conserve the climate for the sustainable development of agriculture and the human race in developing country like India. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper is to describe the current status and available alternative management practices like in situ agronomic management, new machineries viz., zero drill, happy seeder, straw baler as well as capacity building of farmer community for crop residue to minimize the climate change and soil infertility for sustainable on long-run basis.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Burning in India: Policy Challenges and Potential Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
Hiroshan Hettiarachchi ◽  
Jay Meegoda
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Government

India, the second largest agro-based economy with year-round crop cultivation, generates a large amount of agricultural waste, including crop residues. In the absence of adequate sustainable management practices, approximately 92 seems a very small number of metric tons of crop waste is burned every year in India, causing excessive particulate matter emissions and air pollution. Crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem causing health issues as well as contributing to global warming. Composting, biochar production and mechanization are a few effective sustainable techniques that can help to curtail the issue while retaining the nutrients present in the crop residue in the soil. The government of India has attempted to curtail this problem, through numerous measures and campaigns designed to promote sustainable management methods such as converting crop residue into energy. However, the alarming rise of air pollution levels caused by crop residue burning in the city of Delhi and other northern areas in India observed in recent years, especially in and after the year of 2015, suggest that the issues is not yet under control. The solution to crop residue burning lies in the effective implementation of sustainable management practices with Government interventions and policies. This manuscript addresses the underlying technical as well as policy issues that has prevented India from achieving a long-lasting solution and also potential solutions that have been overlooked. However, effective implementation of these techniques also requires us to look at other socioeconomic aspects that had not been considered. This manuscript also discusses some of the policy considerations and functionality based on the analyses and current practices. The agricultural waste sector can benefit immensely from some of the examples from other waste sectors such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wastewater management where collection, segregation, recycling and disposal are institutionalized to secure an operational system. Active stakeholder involvement including education and empowerment of farmers along with technical solutions and product manufacturing can also assist tremendously. Even though the issue of crop residue burning touches many sectors, such as environment, agriculture, economy, social aspects, education, and energy, the past governmental efforts mainly revolved around agriculture and energy. This sectorial thinking is another barrier that needs to be broken. The government of India as well as governments of other developing countries can benefit from the emerging concept of nexus thinking in managing environmental resources. Nexus thinking promotes a higher-level integration and higher level of stakeholder involvement that goes beyond the disciplinary boundaries, providing a supporting platform to solve issues such as crop residue burning.

scholarly journals MITIGATION OF CROP RESIDUE BURNING INDUCED AIR POLLUTION IN NEW DELHI – A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Arumugam Abirami
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Indian Industries ◽  
Stubble Burning

The atmosphere of New Delhi during the months of October to the January next year (every year) remains critical due to factors such as stubble burning in the nearby state of Punjab, air pollution rising out of Diwali fireworks and the smog during December and January. Stubble burning is the intentional incineration of paddy / any other field stubbles by farmers after the harvest. It is usually done to eliminate pests such as rats, crickets and hoppers. The availability of short time between rice harvesting and sowing of wheat is the most important reason for burning of crop residues. Also yield and quality of wheat gets severely affected if there is delay in sowing. Since the time gap is very limited (about 3 – 4 weeks) between rice and wheat, burning of crop residues is preferred since it is the quickest and easiest solution for the farmers. According to reports, New Delhi, Noida and Ghaziabad recorded a peak Air Quality Index (AQI) of around 480 – 490 in the month of November 2019. Health effects of air pollution include respiratory diseases, skin and eye irritation and other ailments. An important factor is shortage of labor contributing to burning of rice straw. Apart from stubble burning, farmers burn wood for domestic cooking, removal of municipal solid wastes and accidental / intentional wildfires. Use of combined harvester – Happy Seeder machine is a profitable and less labour-intensive management of rice residue. Yet many farmers still have the perception that there are no alternative solutions for crop residue management. Besides Happy Seeder machine, there are other machines such as rotavator, reaper binder and no-till seed drill that can be alternatives for crop residue burning. In 2019 – 20, the Punjab government disbursed a certain amount to farmers for not burning stubble as compensation, yet many farmers adopted the stubble burning process. Other measures such as adoption of villages by Confederation of Indian Industries, MoU with institutes for wast

Assessment of Farmers’ Perception about Crop Residue Burning in Haryana

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Anuradha Choudhary ◽  
K. S. Kadian ◽  
M. S. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Selection Of

The study was conducted in 2019-2020 to assess the perception of the farmers on cropresidue burning (CRB) in Haryana. A total of 180 farmers from three purposively selecteddistricts, namely Karnal, Kurukshetra, and Fatehabad from Haryana, were chosen to collectdata. Stratified random sampling was employed in the selection of blocks, villages, andrespondents. For measuring farmers’ perception, a scale was constructed using Likert’smethod of summated ratings. Farmers perceived CRB as an economical and viable optionand considered it an efficient practice. Most farmers did not perceive the happy seeder asfeasible since it needed a high horsepower tractor. Farmers’ perception was positively andsignificantly correlated with education, operational land holding, and annual income (P<0.05).Hence, there is a need to promote community-based approaches like custom hiring centre,bio-mass-based power plants, mushroom cultivation, etc., through extension and advisoryservices. It may lead to adopting alternative crop residue management options and mitigatingresidue burning in the long run.

BioDiv-Support: scenario-based decision support tool for policy planning and adaptation to future challenges in biodiversity and ecosystem services 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Andersson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Biodiversity includes any type of living variation, from the ecosystem level to genetic variation within organisms. The greatest threats to biodiversity is climate change, destruction of habitats and other human activities. High-altitude mountain regions are pristine environments, with historically small impacts from air pollution, but at risk of being disproportionately impacted by climate change. We focus on three mountainous regions: the Scandinavian Mountains, the Guadarrama Mountains in Spain, and the Pyrenees in France, Andorra and Spain. We study the impact of drivers of change of biodiversity such as future climate change, increased incidences of wild fires, emissions from new shipping routes in the Arctic as ice sheets are melting, human impacts on land use and management practices (such as reindeer grazing) and air pollution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We simulate future climate change using WRF and a convective permitting climate model, HARMONIE-Climate, with a spatial resolution of 3km. The high resolution strongly improves the representation of precipitation compared to coarser scale simulations (Lind et al., 2020). We use these simulations to develop future scenarios of air pollution load, using two well established chemistry transport models (MATCH and CHIMERE; Mar&amp;#233;cal et al., 2015). These climate and air pollution scenarios are subsequently used, together with management scenarios, to develop scenarios for biodiversity and ecosystem services. These scenarios are developed applying a process-based dynamic vegetation and biogeochemistry model, LPJ-GUESS (Smith et al., 2014).&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The scenarios, representing mid-21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; century, will be made available through a web-based planning tool, where local stakeholders in each region can explore the project results to understand how scenarios of climate change, air pollution and policy development will affect these ecosystems. Local stakeholders are involved throughout the project, such as reindeer herder communities, regional county boards and national authorities, and in a time of changing climate and a global pandemic we have learned the necessity for flexibility in such interactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lind et al. 2020., Climate Dynamics 55, 1893-1912.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar&amp;#233;cal et al., 2015. Geosci. Mod. Dev. 8, 2777-2813.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smith et al. 2014 Biogeosciences 11, 2027-2054.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Temporal role of crop residue burning (CRB) in Delhi’s air pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 114020
Author(s):  
Meghna Agarwala ◽  
Abhinav Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residue Burning
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