scholarly journals Gender Sensitivity Level among Rural Masses

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Krishna Duhan ◽  
Nigam Rani ◽  
Poonam Malik ◽  
. Komal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Business Person

Women play a fundamental role in the economy of any society. They work as a farmer, on wages basis, as business person, administrator, and entrepreneurs. Women in rural areas face constraints in engaging in all activities viz. cultural, social, economical, health and nutrition etc. Because of gender-based discrimination and social norms, most of their work remains unseen, unrecognized and undervalued. Therefore, this study was conducted on 600 rural (300 male 300 female) people to assess the educational status and sensitivity level. Data was collected with the help of self structured questionnaire by survey method. Results of the study shows that illiterate females (42.90%) were almost double of male (24.40%) that shows high degree of gender disparity in educational level and male members were more sensitized on different aspects (Household responsibility 4.407*, Economical 3.815*, Health and Nutrition 3.243*, Political 2.548*, Media and Technologies 2.126*)  as compare to female regarding equality.  So, there was a need to promoting gender equality and women’s economic empowerment.

scholarly journals The Perception of Using Language in Gender Disparity: A Study on Tertiary Level Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Serajum Munira ◽  
Amzad Hossain ◽  
Meherun Nessa
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World Survey ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
High Standards ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Building Rapport

The present study aims at exploring the extent of linguistic varieties which are issues of gender disparity in our society. Language is the most advanced form of communication possessed only by human beings. Linguistic elements direct our expressions, feelings and thoughts, and languages even help us transmit knowledge, ideas and beliefs from one generation to another. In fact, language is systematic as it follows rules. However, it is believed that men and women have a strong natural tendency to use different patterns of a language. Relationship between language and gender attracted many researchers’ attention, but some critics of mid-twentieth century considered such studies to be purely feministic. With the passage of time, our social structure met considerable changes which influenced our languages. The objective of this project is to give reasonable answers to the questions regarding the gender based speech differences in today’s world. Survey method was applied in order to maintain high standards of research ethics and maintain the research quality. This study engages 384 respondents; among them 51% were male and 49% were female. According to the survey data, 68% of the participants reported that women always tend to use exaggerated expressions and words that can assist in building rapport. Further, it finds out whether there is any difference between speech patterns of different age groups coming from the same gender. By delving into both historic and contemporary documents, this experiment will lead us to widen the scope of research on various ways of communication.

Evaluating government's communication strategy of the 16 Days of Activism campaign for No Violence Against Women and Children in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-241
Author(s):  
Mutambuli J. Hadji
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Gender Based

This article aims to evaluate government's communication strategy and citizens' awareness of the 16 Days of Activism for No Violence against Women and Children campaign in Soshanguve, South Africa. The study applied the diffusion of innovation theory because of its ability to assess how communities receive communication about the campaign from various media. Survey method was used to collect data, which was analysed using descriptive statistics. It was found out that mass media and other communication channels were main sources of campaign messages, which help the community to know how to address gender-based violence issues. Notably, this study found that females were more likely to know about the campaign than males. This article recommends that this campaign should be visible throughout the year and there should be more campaigns targeting men, and school curriculum, which educate pupils about the social and economic consequences of GBV.

Households Discrimination in School Enrolment in Pakistan: Does gender matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Imad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study uses Pakistan Social and Living Measurement Survey 2016 to study gender discrimination in school enrollment across the four provinces of Pakistan using bi-variate analysis. Results show that there is highly significant difference between male and female education in rural areas (x^2=4940.50 and p<0.05). Analysis indicate that gender disparity in enrollment is significantly higher in low income households (x^2=115.468 and P<0.05). The study also showed that as compared to male, fewer female are enrolled in both public and private sectors. Hence, socio-economic factors play important role in making decision about children enrollment in different types of school. The study recommends that government to take appropriate steps to reduce gender discrimination in school enrollment by offering subsidy on female education in the country.

scholarly journals Population-Level Prevalence, Bother, and Treatment Behavior for Urinary Incontinence in an Eastern European Country: Findings from the LUTS POLAND Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Mikolaj Przydacz ◽  
Marcin Chlosta ◽  
Piotr Chlosta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern European Country ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Objectives: Population-level data are lacking for urinary incontinence (UI) in Central and Eastern European countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, bother, and behavior regarding treatment for UI in a population-representative group of Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Methods: Data for this epidemiological study were derived from the larger LUTS POLAND project, in which a group of adults that typified the Polish population were surveyed, by telephone, about lower urinary tract symptoms. Respondents were classified by age, sex, and place of residence. UI was assessed with a standard protocol and established International Continence Society definitions. Results: The LUTS POLAND survey included 6005 completed interviews. The prevalence of UI was 14.6–25.4%; women reported a greater occurrence compared with men (p < 0.001). For both sexes, UI prevalence increased with age. Stress UI was the most common type of UI in women, and urgency UI was the most prevalent in men. We did not find a difference in prevalence between urban and rural areas. Individuals were greatly bothered by UI. For women, mixed UI was the most bothersome, whereas for men, leak for no reason was most annoying. More than half of respondents (51.4–62.3%) who reported UI expressed anxiety about the effect of UI on their quality of life. Nevertheless, only around one third (29.2–38.1%) of respondents with UI sought treatment, most of whom received treatment. Persons from urban and rural areas did not differ in the degrees of treatment seeking and treatment receiving. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence was prevalent and greatly bothersome among Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Consequently, UI had detrimental effects on quality of life. Nonetheless, most affected persons did not seek treatment. Therefore, we need to increase population awareness in Poland about UI and available treatment methods, and we need to ensure adequate allocation of government and healthcare system resources.

The current situation and countermeasures of education and teaching of left behind children in rural areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092110077
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Hongmei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Role Of Parents

The family education responsibilities of rural left-behind children are not fully implemented, and school education is weak, which has caused a series of problems. The education of rural left-behind children has gradually attracted people's attention. In this context, this article studies the current situation and countermeasures of rural LBC education and teaching. This article combines research methods such as questionnaire survey method and on-site interview method for research. In order to better explain the problems of local government, this article first defines the definition of local government, expounds the theory of personality development, and uses scientific sampling methods in the research process to extract research results from some rural areas in our province.了Analysis. Based on the performance of LBC and non-LBC schools, learning guidance and learning, the current situation of LBC education in China was studied. In addition, this article also studied the performance of LBC parents before and after they went abroad, and made some suggestions. The study found that before the parents went out, LBC's academic performance was mainly concentrated at the intermediate level and above, accounting for 78%. After the parents went out, LBC's academic performance decreased significantly, and the results were mainly concentrated in the intermediate and above. Below, accounting for 84%. It can be seen that the role of parents in children's growth education is essential.

The plight of women in Iraq: Gender disparity, violence, and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110036
Author(s):  
Maha Sulaiman Younis ◽  
Riyadh Khudhiar Lafta
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Women’S Mental Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women's Mental Health ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Gender Based

Background: Generations of women living in Iraq endured three major regional wars and internal conflicts, which weakened their psychological vulnerability and social role by poverty, displacements, and loss of their beloved ones. The available literature about women’s mental health is scarce and does not signify the gender inequality and gender disparity of mental disorders. Method: During 1st August to October 2020, we explored the search engines: Google Scholar, Pub-Med, Medline, and Clarivate using keywords of Iraq, gender inequality, women’s mental health, violence, and conflict, mental disorders, gender-based violence, etc. From 1792 research items, 64 articles were scrutinized for this study. We selected the most relevant studies with some available documents excluding data bout Immigrant women outside Iraq and reports from foreign military sources. Finding: Women living in Iraq have struggled for equality and empowerment since the 20th century. For the last four decades, successive wars, economic sanction, gender-based violence, and internal conflicts have affected their development endeavors. The 2003 US-led invasion caused a loss of lives, destruction of infrastructure, and forced displacement for tens of thousands of civilians, including women and children. These atrocities increased women’s vulnerability to develop or worsen the existing mental disorders. This review tries to attract world attention to women’s situations in Iraq.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Factors of Hypertension in Spain: A Comparative Study between Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo ◽  
María Teresa Martínez-Larrad ◽  
Náyade del Prado-González ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Pérez ◽  
Rafael Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Living Area

The prevalence and related factors of hypertensive subjects according to the resident area (rural versus urban) were investigated in two population-based studies from Spain. Medical questionnaires were administered and anthropometrics were measured, using standardized protocols. Hypertension was diagnosed in pharmacology treated subjects or those with blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg. Regarding BP control, it was defined as under control if BP was <140/90 or <140/85 mm Hg in type 2 diabetic subjects. Information on educational status, social class, smoking habit, and alcohol intake was obtained. 3,816 subjects (54.38 % women) were included. Prevalence of diagnosed hypertension was higher in women and showed no differences according to the living area (men: urban 21.88 versus rural 21.92 %, p = 0.986; women: urban 28.73 versus rural 30.01 %, p = 0.540). Women living in rural areas and men with secondary or tertiary education levels had a lower probability of being BP uncontrolled (OR (95 % CI): 0.501 (0.258–0.970)/p=0.040, 0.245 (0.092–0.654)/p=0.005, and 0.156 (0.044–0.549)/p=0.004, respectively). Urban young men (31-45 years) and medium aged women (46-60 years) were less BP controlled than their rural counterparts (41.30 versus 65.79 %/p=0.025 and 35.24 versus 53.27 %/p=0.002, respectively).

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Micro and Small-Scale Industries Income: A Case Study on Coffee Processing Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Lya Aklimawati ◽  
Djoko Soemarno ◽  
Surip Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Industries ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Development the competitive industries primarily small firms ought to be realized for improving economic growth of a community. Small industries have an important role especially on income equity improvement in rural areas. The objective of this study was to assess industry players motivation for developing their business in coffee processing and also to analyze factors which influence business income focused on micro and small-scale coffee industries in Bondowoso District. Survey method was used in this study for collecting primary and secondary data. A number of respondents were 25 coffee industry players who be determined by judgement sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and statistic method. Multiple linear regression was used in the suspected factors that affect small industries income. The results indicated that the main motivation of industry players in initiating and developing coffee business was financial incentive. Consecutively, indicators that may explain industry player’s motivation were expectation, motive and incentive. Micro and small-scale industries income was affected by raw material, marketing reach, technology and business experience. Meanwhile, micro and small-scale industries income was not affected by labor cost and source of capital.

scholarly journals Social work with women from agricultural locations, which would brought: general principles and questions for professional preparation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Оксана Кравченко
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Gender Based

An article devoted to the issue of social work with women from rural areas that were violent, as well as coverage of approaches to training specialists providing social services to this category of population. It is established that gender policy is based not only on international normative legal acts ratified by Ukraine, but also regulated by national legal acts on equality between women and men. An important area of gender policy is the provision of equal rights and opportunities for women from rural areas, including the realization of their human rights. At the same time, women in rural areas are more vulnerable to gender-based violence than women living in cities that require a specially designed program for their social and psychological rehabilitation. As a result of the clarification of the content and focus of social work with women, the study of the regional experience of social services with women, the disclosure of the specifics of the training of future social workers to work with this category of citizens, recommendations for improving the quality of social services for women victims of domestic violence have been developed.

scholarly journals Back to the Countryside: Rural Development and the Spatial Patterns of Population Migration in Zhejiang, China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Weiming Tong ◽  
Kevin Lo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Level Data

This study examines how rural development in China shapes new trends in population migration. Using first-hand, village-level data from Zhejiang—an economically developed province in China—we investigated the patterns and influencing factors of population migration between rural and urban areas. We conceptualized three types of migration in rural areas: rural out-migration, rural in-migration, and rural return-migration. First-hand data were collected from 347 villages. The results show that although rural out-migration remains the dominant form of migration, rural in-migration and return-migration are also common, and the latter two are positively correlated. Further, we found evidence to support the conclusion that rural economic, social, and spatial development encourages rural in-migration and return-migration but does not have a significant impact on rural out-migration. Therefore, it is foreseeable that rural in-migration and return-migration will become increasingly common in China.

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