scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Pearl Millet Cultivation in Rainfed Ecosystem of Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
R. Sreedhar ◽  
R. Senthil Kumar ◽  
C. Muralidharan ◽  
R. Gangai Selvi
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Market Values ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rainfed Ecosystem

The Pearl millet is the staple and nutritive diet of farm households in developing and underdeveloped countries. It is grown as dual-purpose; grain and forage in drylands, marginal lands, and unirrigated lands of the Indian subcontinent. This study analysed the cost and returns, profitability, and resource productivity of the pearl millet growing farmers in a rainfed ecosystem of Thoothukudi District. Primary data were collected in selected blocks namely Vilathikulam and Pudur, based on the maximum area under pearl millet cultivation. The sampling design used in the study was Purposive random sampling. Totally 61 farmers were personally interviewed using a well-structured questionnaire. The Cost-C was Rs. 41115.65 per hectare. The proportionate expenditure of Hired Human Labour was 19.05 per cent to total costs. The net income was Rs. 4974.2 per hectare. The BCR was higher in small followed by medium and large farms. The partial regression coefficient of hired labour and fertilizers was 0.103, and 0.793 respectively, which were positive and highly significant. It indicated that gross return was increased by 0.793 per cent by increasing one per cent of expenses on fertilizers. The summation of all partial coefficients was 0.656 which indicated a decreasing return to scale. When the production function's returns to scale decrease, the average cost of production rises. Input prices have a significant impact on the economic profitability of farmers' crop cultivation. Rainfed pearl millet cultivation is unprofitable at market values in the Thoothukudi district. The current scenario requires the revising of minimum support prices and regulation in input market, particularly for crops grown in rainfed ecosystems.

scholarly journals Costs and Returns Structure in Bottle Gourd on the Contract Vis-a-Vis Non-Contract Farms in the Jaipur District of Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Singh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Income Family ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Business Income ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm Business

The present investigation was undertaken with a view to studying the costs and returns structure by the contract and non-contract farmers under contract farming of bottle gourd. Primary data were collected for the agricultural year 2015-16. The cost concepts were used. The results of the study revealed that all types of incomes viz., gross income, family labour income, farm business income and net income were higher on the contract farms than on the non-contract farms. The net income per hectare from bottle gourd was 31.69 per cent higher on the contract farms as compared to the non-contract farms. The total costs were higher on contract farms than on non-contract farms. The net profit was higher on contract farms than on non-contract farms. Returns per rupee were higher on contract farms (` 1.82) than non-contract farms (`1.69).

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis on Production of Hill Banana in Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
B. Chandru ◽  
A. Rohini ◽  
M. Chandrakumar ◽  
V. Anandhi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Hill

This study was primarily concentrated on hill banana cultivation. The purpose of this study is to find the economics of hill banana cultivation and the problems faced by the hill banana farmers during the production of hill bananas in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. Economics of the hill banana cultivation was done by finding the cost and returns associated with the hill banana cultivation and constraints faced by the hill banana farmers with Garrett's ranking technique. Many previous research on the production of various agricultural commodities was focused on a specific area and/or a specific commodity. There was a little study on banana production and limitations in some regions in Tamil Nadu. As a result, the focus of this research will be on hill banana production in the Dindigul district. Purposive and convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Primary data were collected by the personal interview with a well-structured interview schedule. The cost and returns of hill bananas were calculated per hectare. The average cost of production of hill bananas was estimated to be ₹2.04 lakh/ha. The average gross return was ₹5.04 lakh/ha and the average net return was estimated to be ₹2.99 lakh/ha. The result of the study shows that hill banana cultivation was highly profitable and the benefit-cost ratio (BC Ratio) was more than unity (2.46). The major constraints faced by hill banana farmers in the cultivation of hill bananas were pest attack (insects) followed by disease attack, lack of labor availability, animal attack, and drought. The findings will assist policymakers in developing appropriate programs and adjusting strategies for improving hill banana production in Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Lingkungan sebagai Tolak Ukur dalam Optimalisasi Tanggung Jawab Sosial Pada PG Kebon Agung Malang

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Yusrotul Afiyah Manshur ◽  
Nawirah Nawirah
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Cost

<p>This purpose of the researce  to analyze  of enviromental accounting and social responsibility, to improver the company performance by recording, classifying, summarizing and presenting the cost of social and environmental responsibility on the company's financial statements. This research was conducted at PG Kebon Agung Malang which one of the biggest sugar factory in Malang.</p><p>This research is a kind of qualitative research, data obtained by doing observation, interview, documentation and observation in the field. As secondary and primary data source, the staff of PG Kebon Agung as internal party of company and surrounding community as external party.</p>The results of this research is; firstly, in PG Kebon Agung Malang has implemented  of environmental accounting practices by recording up to reporting social and environmental costs, but they are not suitable at the practice PG entry the cost of social responsibility  into one in the income statement  financial loss provite with other expense accounts; Secondly, the optimization of social responsibility for the conformity of the results of this study with PP RI. 47 of 2012 proved to be well implemented, with the certificate of analysis test, and the result of analysis there are  three types of waste  liquid waste, solid, and air have met the standard quality of waste specified by the East Java Governor's Regulation No 10/2009 with a percentage of expenses incurred of 1.9% of net profit for environmental costs and a 0.3% cost percentage of net income for social responsibility, indicating financial performance and obligations of PG Kebon Agung, as well as compliance with Government regulations implemented in a balanced manner, by exercising the rights and obligations of the company continuously.

Cost-Return Analysis of Okra Production in Balod District of Chhattisgarh

2020 ◽  
pp. 442-446
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

A study was conducted to examine the present status of okra production in Balod District of Chhattisgarh and to work out the cost and returns of okra production. The study is confined to Balod district of Chhattisgarh, a sample of 60 okra farmers comprises 20 small, 20 medium and 20 large were selected by proportionate random sampling method from five villages viz. Khursipar, Around, Newari Kalan, Jagnnathpur and Tekapar from Balod block of Chhattisgarh. The required primary data were collected from selected respondents by survey method using a pretested interview schedule. Primary data in the study pertains to the agriculture year 2016-17. The cost of cultivation was found `1, 08, 350.98 and ranged from `1, 03, 410.56 to `1,18,048.92 under different categories of farmers. The total cost of cultivation per hectare (cost C3) was highest in large size groups followed by medium and small size groups. The cost of production per quintal of okra crop was also found the same trend as the total cost. On average, the cost of production of okra was `1081.42 per quintal. The average productivity of okra was observed to be 110.12 quintals per hectare. As far as net income was concerned, it was more under large size followed by small and medium-size group farmers. The benefit-cost ratio was worked out to 1.60, 1.59 and 1.55 for small, medium and large size groups respectively.

scholarly journals An economic analysis of cost, return and profitability of groundnut across leading states of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-284
Author(s):  
Prasanna Kolar ◽  
P.K. Awasthi ◽  
Ankita Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Minimum Support ◽  
Support Price ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

The current study was undertaken with the objectives to estimate the dynamics of cost, returns, profitability and break-even production of groundnut across the leading states of India. For that secondary data were collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics for the period 1996-97 to 2015-16. For statistical analysis tools like relative change, compound growth rate and cuddy della valle index were used. The study found that Cost A1, cost A2, cost B1 and cost C1 of groundnut in Gujarat and cost B2, cost C2 and cost C2 revised in Andhra Pradesh were found to be increased at higher annual growth rate during the study period than any other states. These cost concepts showed high instability for almost all the leading states. Groundnut was more profitable in Gujarat due to higher net income and B:C ratio than other states. Differential yield and the difference between the cost of production and minimum support price were found better among Gujarat and Tamil Nadu states. In other states, the actual yield was lower than break-even and the cost of production was higher than minimum support price leading to the losses for the groundnut growers.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Rice Production in Central Agricultural Zone of Adamawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Usman, J
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Cost Frontier ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ranking Technique ◽  
Farm Inputs

This paper analysed the economics of rice production in central agricultural zone of Adamawastate, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to collect primary data from 130rice farmers through field survey using well designed pre-tested schedule. Descriptive statistics, costconcept, stochastic frontier cost model, as well as Garrett’s ranking technique were used to analysed the data.The results revealed that rice production was dominated by young literate men who had been in riceproduction for more than 20 years. Rice production was found to be profitable with net income over cost A1which is the direct cost involved in rice production as N146,049.11; while over cost C3 which is the total costof cultivation of rice was N100,083.62. The stochastic cost frontier model shows three parameters seed,family labour and agro-chemicals had positive and significant effect on the revenue of the rice farmers.Inadequate rainfalls, shortage of labour, clashes with pastoralist were the major constrains associated withrice production in the study area. The study suggest that government policies should be geared towardsdeveloping and establishing new fertilizer and agro-chemicals industries to ease the cost of farm inputs, aswell as intensify farmer grazer conflict resolution programmes.

Economic Aspects of Mustard Cultivation in Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

The results revealed that on an overall average size of landholding was estimated to be 0.97 ha. The total cultivated area at all categories of sample farms were found to be irrigated. Overall average, cost of cultivation was estimated `27819.43 per ha. The cost of cultivation showed positive relation with size of holding. The cost of cultivation was highest on medium farms (`32549.25) followed by small (`31528.40 and marginal (`29171.74), respectively. Overall average, cost of production was estimated `2446.44 per hectare. On an average input-output ratio on the basis Costs A1/A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 were recorded 1:2.86, 1:2.77, 1:1.91, 1:1.89 and 1:1.46, respectively. On the basis of Cost C2 input-output ratio was highest on marginal farms (1:1.47) followed by small (1:1.44) and medium (1:1.43), respectively. Overall average, net income and gross income were found `9859.33 and 40028.69 per ha, respectively.

Enhancement in productivity and income sustainability through Integrated farming system approaches for small and marginal farmers of Eastern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJEEV KUMAR ◽  
SHIVANI . ◽  
S. K. SAMAL ◽  
S. K. DWIVEDI ◽  
MANIBHUSHAN .
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Net Income ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Systems Models ◽  
The Cost

Integration of different components viz. livestock, fishery, horticulture, mushroom etc. along with field crops not only enhanced productivity but by-products (waste) of one component act as input for another component through resource recycling within the system. Six integrated farming systems models with suitable combinations of Crop, vegetables, fruit trees, fish, livestock, mushroom etc. were made and evaluated at the experimental farm of ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna during 2012-16 for harness maximum income, nutrient recycling and employment. Among six combinations, crop + fish + duck + goat resulted as most profitable combination in terms of productivity (RGEY- 22.2t), net income (Rs. 2,15,900/ha), additional employment (170 days/year) with income sustainability index (ISI) by 90.2. Upon nutrient recycling prepared from different wastes from the system Crop + fish + duck + goat combination added N (56.5 kg), P (39.6 kg) and K (42.7 kg) into the soil and reduced the cost of cultivation by 24 percent and was followed by crop + fish + goat combination. Crops grown under IFS mode with different types of manures produced 31 percent higher yield over conventional rice- wheat system. The contribution of crops towards the system productivity ranged from 36.4 to 56.2 %, while fish ranged from 22.0-33.5 %; for goat 25.4-32.9 %; for poultry 38.7 %; for duck 22.0-29.0 %; for cattle 32.2% and for mushroom 10.3 %.

Revision of the bamboo leafhopper tribe Mukariini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of new genera and species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4547 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
C.A. VIRAKTAMATH ◽  
M.D. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
New Records ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Subgenus

Leafhopper genera and species of the tribe Mukariini from the Indian subcontinent are revised. Nine genera and 22 species including two new genera, one new subgenus and 12 new species are dealt with. The new taxa described are Aalinga gen. nov. with its type species Aalinga brunoflava sp. nov. (India: Andaman Islands), Buloria indica sp. nov. (India: Karnataka). Buloria zeylanica sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), Flatfronta bella sp. nov. (India: Karnataka; Bangladesh), Mohunia bifurcata sp. nov. (Myanmar), Mukaria omani sp. nov. (India: Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh), Mukaria vakra sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Mukariella gen. nov. with its type species Mukariella daii sp. nov. (India: Manipur), Myittana (Benglebra) cornuta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Myittana) distincta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Savasa) subgen. nov. with its type species Myittana (Savasa) constricta sp. nov. (India: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand) and Scaphotettix arcuatus sp. nov. (India: West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram). Genera Buloria Distant (new placement), Crispina Distant (new placement) and Myittana Distant (new placement) are placed in the tribe Mukariini. Genus Mohunia is redefined based on the study of its type species. Benglebra Mahmood & Ahmed 1969 is synonymised with Myittana Distant 1908 and considered as its subgenus. Myittana (Benglebra) alami (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov., Myittana (Savasa) bipunctata (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov.. Myittana (Benglebra) introspina (Chen & Yang 2007) comb. nov. and Mukariella bambusana (Li & Chen) comb. nov. are proposed; the first two species were earlier placed in the genus Benglebra, the third species in the genus Mohunia and the fourth in the genus Mukaria. Genera Flatfronta Chen & Li and Myittana are new records for India and Scaphotettix striata Dai & Zhang is a new record for the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. All taxa dealt with are described and illustrated and keys for genera and their species are also given. 

scholarly journals A Threat of Farmers’ Suicide and the Opportunity in Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Mariappan ◽  
Deyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost

Agriculture is the main sources of income for humans. Likewise, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. In India, Tamil Nadu regional state has a wide range of possibilities to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic condition. This research aimed to identify the economics and efficiency of organic farming, and the possibilities to reduce farmers’ suicides in the Tamil Nadu region through the organic agriculture concept. The emphasis was on farmers, producers, researchers, and marketers entering the sustainable economy through organic farming by reducing input cost and high profit in cultivation. A survey was conducted to gather data. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to test the hypothesis regards the cost and profit of rice production. The results showed that there was a significant difference in profitability between organic and conventional farming methods. It is very transparent that organic farming is the leading concept of sustainable agricultural development with better organic manures that can improve soil fertility, better yield, less input cost and better return than conventional farming. The study suggests that by reducing the cost of cultivation and get a marginal return through organic farming method to poor and small scale farmers will reduce socio-economic problems such as farmers’ suicides in the future of Indian agriculture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document