scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars in Northwest and Central of Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Raúl Leonel Grijalva-Contreras ◽  
Rubén Macías-Duarte ◽  
Arturo López-Carvajal ◽  
Fabián Robles-Contreras ◽  
Manuel de Jesús Valenzuela-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Northwest Region

A strategy to improve productivity in olive orchards is the evaluation of cultivars that respond better to the environmental growing conditions The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield potential and oil quality of five olive cultivars (Arbequina, Coratina, Manzanilla, Arbosana and Mission) in two regions of Mexico. The experiment was carried out during two consecutive years 2018 and 2019. At Northwest Region the five olive cultivars were planted in 2013 at a spacing of 10 x 5 m (having 200 trees ha-1) and Central Region olive cultivars were planted in 2013 at spacing of 6 x 6 m (278 trees ha-1) and both locations under drip irrigation systems. The variables evaluated were:  yield, fruit weight, oil content and oil quality (acidity, peroxide value and absorbance K232 and K270). The experiment was analyzed using a randomized complete block design with four replications.  Our results showed high differences between locations, Arbequina was the cultivar with the highest yield at the fifth and sixth years of planting with an average of 48.8 kg tree-1 at Northwest Region and only 15.5 kg tree-1 at Central Region. The cultivar with the highest oil content in the Northwest Region was Manzanilla with an average of 12.3% and the lowest for Arbequina with only 9.3%, while at Central Region the cultivar with the highest oil content was Coratina with 20.2% and the lowest in Manzanilla with 16.1%. Extra virgin olive oil was obtained in all the cultivars in both locations according to chemical analysis. Finally, it is necessary to continue with the evaluation of other varieties with resistance to high temperatures at Northwest Region and resistance to frost at Central Region.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars under Hot and Arid Environment of Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raúl Leonel Grijalva-Contreras ◽  
Rubén Macías-Duarte ◽  
Arturo López-Carvajal ◽  
Fabián Robles-Contreras ◽  
Manuel De Jesús Valenzuela-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Second Year

Currently in Mexico there are few studies on agronomic management in olive production. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate eleven olive cultivars for table and oil production (Arbequina, Koroneiki, Arbosana, Kalamata, Barnea, Pendolino, Empeltre, Manzanilla of Sevilla, Carboncella, Frantoio and Cassaliva) under hot and arid environment of Mexico. The experiment was carried out during two consecutive years in 2015 and 2016 at National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock (INIFAP) in the Experimental Station of Caborca, Sonora, Mexico. The plantation was done on March, 2012 using a density of 100 trees ha-1 (10 x 10 m) under drip irrigation system. The parameters evaluated were vegetative parameters, yield, fruit quality and oil content. The experiment was analyzed using a randomized complete block design and five replications. The results showed statistical differences for all parameters evaluated. Arbequina obtained the highest olive yield with 34.5 and 70.3 kg per tree for the first and second year production, respectively and Barnea recorded the highest oil content with 19.2%. Finally, Manzanilla of Sevilla and Barnea varieties represent a good option as double-purpose varieties.   

scholarly journals Fruit and Oil Characteristics of Olive Candidate Cultivars from Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin OZDEMIR ◽  
Aysun OZTURK ◽  
Engin GUVEN ◽  
Muge ASAN NEBIOGLU ◽  
Nesrin AKTEPE TANGU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Oil Characteristics ◽  
Free Acid Content

This is the first study in Turkey that evaluated olive fruit and oil characteristics of 23 cultivar candidates selected among 393 olive genotypes, on the bases of agronomical characteristics; the candidate cultivars were obtained by cross breeding between standard cultivars ('Gemlik', 'Edinciksu', 'Uslu', 'Tavşan Yüreği', 'Karamürselsu') and foreign cultivars ('Lucques', 'Belle d'Espagne' and 'Manzanilla'). Fruit traits such as fruit weight, flesh to seed ratio, fruit and seed size, as well as oil characteristics such as moisture, oil content, specific absorption at ultraviolet light, free acid content, peroxide value, chlorophyll and fatty acid composition were determined. Fruits and oils of intensely cultivated 'Gemlik' and 'Ayvalık' olive cultivars were also analyzed to compare them with the new candidate cultivars. According to the oil content, 'GE067' (23.30%), 'GE181' (23.97%), 'GE366' (22.52%), 'GE417' (22.16%), 'GT009' (24.14%), 'GT014' (21.02%), 'GU247' (22.48%), 'GU320' (27.15%) and 'GU434' (21.89%) gave better results, thus having good potential for registration as new cultivars for oil production. 'GE366' and 'GU434' were determined as the best cultivar candidates for producing dual purpose olives (table olives and oil). 'GE363' had the best fatty acid composition, which is an important feature in terms of oxidative stability and disease prevention.

scholarly journals Optimizing nitrogen rate and planting density for sunflower under irrigated conditions of Punjab

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Rasool ◽  
A Wajid ◽  
Sanaullah ◽  
A Ghaffar ◽  
M Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

A field study was conducted at different nitrogen rates on growth, yield and achene oil content of sunflower sown at different planting densities at Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement was applied, having plants densities (8.33, 6.67 and 5.56 plants m-2) in main plots and while various nitrogen levels (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) in sub-plots. The plant densities and various nitrogen levels had a significant effect on leaf area index, crop growth rate, 1000-achene weight, head diameter, number of achenes head- 1,biological yield, oil quality, harvest index and achene yield of sunflower. The plants which were fertilized at 150 kg N ha-1 gaveabout 24% more achene yield as compared to 90 kg N ha-1. More oil content was obtained in plots where nitrogen was applied at the rate of 90 kg ha-1. It can be concluded that nitrogen application at the rate of 150 kg ha-1 with planting density (8.33 plants m-2) produced highest achene yield.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 174-187 (2015)

Comparative performance and heterosis in single, three-way and double cross pepper hybrids

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. GELETA ◽  
M. T. LABUSCHAGNE
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Double Cross

Eight single, six three-way and six double cross hybrids were evaluated with a standard control to assess their yield potential and agronomic performance. The study was conducted in the field and greenhouse using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of the Free State during 2002/03. The three categories of hybrids performed differently and showed high variation for the majority of characters studied. Three-way cross hybrids showed better performance for days to flowering (70·9 days after sowing), fruit diameter (3·2 cm) and fruit weight (30·3 g/fruit). As expected, single cross hybrids were the most uniform followed by three-way cross hybrids. Three-way cross hybrids showed 36·1 and 13·6% heterosis for fruit yield and fruit length, respectively. Higher mean heterosis for fruit yield (35·6%), fruit number (24·0%) and fruit weight (16·9%) was also observed in double cross hybrid. This study shows that three-way and double cross hybrids can be used in pepper hybrid breeding. Selection of inbred lines for crossing from a similar market group can decrease heterogeneity in these categories of hybrids.

scholarly journals Salinity and nitrogen doses in the production and oil content of castor bean

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 2851
Author(s):  
Allan Nunes Alves ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
José Amilton Santos Junior ◽  
Fernando José da Silva Junior ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Salinity Levels

The proper management of irrigation and mineral nutrition is critical to the success of crops, especially crops grown under salt stress conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and oil content of castor plants (Ricinus communis L.) irrigated with brackish water with different salinity levels (0.6, 1.6, 2.6, 3.6, and 4.6 dS m-1) and grown under different nitrogen levels (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg of N kg-1 soil). These treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with a 5 ? 5 factorial scheme and three repetitions, totaling 75 experimental units. The interaction effect between salinity levels and nitrogen levels affected fruit weight per plant and oil content, and irrigation with brackish water with an electrical conductivity starting at 0.6 dS m-1 reduced the number of racemes per plant, number of fruits, and the weight of fruits and seeds.

Ripening time and fruit characteristics of advanced olive selections for oil production

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl de la Rosa ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno ◽  
Diego Barranco ◽  
Luis Rallo
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Olive Cultivars

In the olive breeding program of Córdoba, Spain, the first 15 obtained selections have recently been tested in a comparative field trial, including their genitors, ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Picual’, as a control. In this work, we report the evaluation of the fruit characteristics and ripening time of those selections. Average data recorded in the comparative field trial orchard in two consecutive harvest seasons were used for statistical analysis. A high degree of variability and significant differences between genotypes were obtained for all the fruit characteristics analysed, and for ripening time and extractability index. For most of those parameters, selections showing better values than the genitors have been found. In particular, many of the selections had higher oil content than the genitors. Data for seedling plants evaluation was significantly correlated with data of the reported field trial for fruit weight, fruit removal force/fruit weight ratio and oil content. This indicates that selection in the seedling stage for these characters can be efficiently performed, even when only the first year of agronomic evaluation of the seedling is considered. On the contrary, seedling selection for fruit moisture, fruit removal force and ripening date seems to be difficult to perform. In summary, the results of the agronomic evaluation suggest that some of the selections could be released as new olive cultivars in the near future, for first time in Spain.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium and zinc foliar application to increase the quantitative and qualitative yields of rapeseed at different sowing dates

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. e428
Author(s):  
A. Goharian ◽  
A.H. Shirani Rad ◽  
P. Moaveni ◽  
H. Mozafari ◽  
B. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Zinc Treatment ◽  
Sowing Dates

The sowing date is an important factor for expanding the cultivated area of rapeseed and affects seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid compounds. Micronutrient elements play an important role in improving the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant, especially under conditions of biological and environmental stresses. A two-year experiment (2014-2016) was performed to study the response of rapeseed genotypes to foliar application of micronutrients on different sowing dates. The treatments were arranged as a factorial-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Three sowing dates of 7 (well-timed sowing date), 17, and 27 (delayed sowing dates) October and two levels of foliar application with pure water (control), selenium (1.5%), zinc (1.5%), and selenium+zinc (1.5%) were factorial in the main plots and five genotypes of SW102, Ahmadi, GKH2624, GK-Gabriella, and Okapi were randomized in the subplots (a total of 30 treatments). Seed yield, oil yield and content, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were reduced when rapeseeds were cultivated on 17 and 27 October, while the contents in palmitic, linolenic, and erucic acids, and glucosinolate increased (p < 0.01). a selenium+zinc treatment improved seed yield, oil content and yield (p < 0.01). The oil quality increased due to increased contents of oleic and linoleic acids under the selenium+zinc treatment (p < 0.01). The GK-Gabriella and GKH2624 genotypes are recommended to be sown on well-timed (7 October) and delayed sowing dates (17 and 27 October) and treated with selenium+zinc due to the higher oil yield, linoleic and oleic acids.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Empat Aksesi Nilam

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yang Nuryani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Randomized Block Design

<p>Characterization of four accessions of patchouli was conducted to obtain the information of characteristics to be utilized for future breeding program. The experiment was conducted in three locations namely Ciamis, Cimanggu, and Sukamulya. Four accessions of patchouli namely 0003, 0007, 0012, and 0013 were tested in a randomized block design with five replications, plant spacing of 100 x 50 cm, and 100 plants/plot. The plant were first harvested six month after planting and the 2nd harvested four months after the 1st harvested. The observation were made before the first harvested on morphological characters, production, oil content, and oil quality. The result showed that some of morphological characters such as plant height, accessions of primary and secondary branches, length of primary and secondary branches, length and widh of leaf as weel as numbers of leaves on primary branches on accession of 0012 were higher than that of another three accessions. The highest production of dry terna (13,278 t/ha) and patchouli alcohol content (33,3%) was observed on accession 0012, while the highest oil content (3,2%) on accession 0007. The main morphological characters that can be used to identify those accessions of patchouli was the colour of stem, accessions 0012 was green with slight purple, 0003 and 0007 more purple, and 0012 dark purple.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Karakteriasi empat aksesi nilam bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakter nilam dan pemanfaatannya dalam pemuliaan tanaman di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi, yaitu Ciamis, Cimanggu, dan Sukamulya. Aksesi 0003, 0007, 0012, dan 0013 dikarakterisasi dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima ulangan, jarak tanam 100 x 50 cm, 100 tanaman per petak. Panen pertama dilakukan pada umur 6 bulan dan panen kedua 4 bulan setelah panen pertama. Pengamatan dilakukan sebelum panen pertama. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi, hasil, kadar, dan mutu minyak, serta ketahanan terhadap penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang primer/ sekunder, panjang cabang primer/sekunder, panjang dan lebar daun, dan jumlah daun per cabang primer aksesi 0012 lebih tinggi daripada ketiga aksesi lainnya. Produktivitas terna kering (13,278 t/ha) dan kadar patchouli alkohol (33,3%) tertinggi diberikan oleh aksesi 0012, sedangkan kadar minyak tertinggi (3,2%) ditunjukkan oleh aksesi 0007. Karakter morfologi yang membedakan aksesi-aksesi tersebut terutama adalah warna batang tua. Aksesi 0012 memiliki batang tua berwarna hijau dengan sedikit ungu, sementara aksesi 0003 dan aksesi 0007 lebih ungu dan aksesi 0012 paling ungu.</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh pupuk organik dan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah (capsicum annum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
Sahrun Riza ◽  
Erita Hayati ◽  
Ainun Marliah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Potential Yield

Abstrak. Cabai merah merupakan komoditas hortikultural yang termasuk golongan sayuran rempah yang termasuk famili terung-terungan dan sebagai penyedap masakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian jenis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah dan untuk melihat pengaruh varietas terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah serta untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya interaksi antara jenis pupuk organik dan varietas cabai merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Juni 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial. Faktor yang diteliti terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu pupuk organik dan varietas. Faktor pertama jenis pupuk organik yang terdiri dari  3 taraf yaitu kontrol, pupuk kandang sapi dan pupuk kandang ayam, sedangkan faktor kedua varietas cabai merah yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu Varietas TM-999, varietas Odeng dan varietas Lede Uwe gayo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk organik berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman serta terdapat pengaruh yang nyata  terhadap jumlah cabang produktif dan potensi hasil ton/ha, namun terdapat pengaruh tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 15, 30 dan 45 hari setelah tanam dan diameter batang umur 15, 30 dan 45 hari setelah tanam. Pemberian pupuk organik pada berat buah per tanaman dan potensi hasil terbaik diperoleh pada pemberian pupuk kandang ayam. Sedangkan perlakuan varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah cabang produktif, berat buah per tanaman dan potensi hasil, namun terdapat pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 15, 30 dan 45 hari setelah tanam, diameter batang umur 15, 30 dan 45 hari setelah tanam dan jumlah buah per tanaman. Jumlah cabang produktif, berat buah per tanaman dan potensi hasil tanaman cabai merah terbaik diperoleh pada penggunaan varietas TM 999. Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara pupuk organik dengan varietas terhadap jumlah buah per tanaman, berat buah per tanaman dan terdapat interaksi nyata terhadap potensi hasil. Kata kunci : Cabai Merah, Pupuk Organik, VarietasAbstrac. Red chili is a horticultural commodity that belongs to the spice vegetable group and part of the eggplant family that is used as a food flavoring. This study aims to look at the effect of applying organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of red chili plants;to see the effect of varieties on the growth and yield of red chili plants; and to find out whether there is an interaction between types of organic fertilizer and red chili varieties. This study employed factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors studied namely organic fertilizer and varieties. The first factor is the type of organic fertilizer consisting of 3 levels, namely control, cow manure and chicken manure, while the second factor is red chili varieties consisting of 3 levels, namely the TM-999 variety, Odeng variety and the Gayo Lede Uwe variety. The results showed that the treatment of organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on the number of productive branches and the potential yield of tons/ha, but there was no significant effect on plant height at ages 15, 30 and 45 days after planting and stem diameter 15, 30 and 45 days after planting. The fertilizer application at the fruit weight per plant and the best potential results obtained in the provision of chicken manure. Whereas, the treatment of varieties has a very significant effect on the number of productive branches, fruit weight per plant and yield potential, but there is no significant effect on plant height 15, 30 and 45 days after planting, stem diameter 15, 30 and 45 days after planting and number of fruits per plant. The number of productive branches, fruit weight per plant and the best yield potential of red chili plants were obtained from the use of TM 999 varieties. There was a very real interaction between organic fertilizer and varieties on the number of fruits per plant; fruit weight per plant; and there was a real interaction with yield potential.Keywords:Red Chili, Organic Fertilizer, Varieties

scholarly journals Drip Irrigation Elevated Olive Productivity in Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Liu ◽  
Yan Lan ◽  
Feng Tan ◽  
Yunbiao Tu ◽  
Yingying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Irrigation Strategy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Olive Cultivars

Water is essential for crops and plays a vital role in olive (Olea europaea) growth. Three irrigation treatments, rain-fed (CK), flood irrigation (FI), and drip irrigation (DI), were applied from late November to late May in a 2-year study (Nov. 2015 to Oct. 2017) on two olive cultivars, Coratina and Koroneiki. Shoot growth, flower and fruit characteristics, and olive and oil yields were measured. Compared with CK, FI had significantly higher values of vegetative growth, olive and oil yields, moisture content, and oil content. Although the fruit weight, pulp rate, and oil content with DI were the lowest, our results support that DI had the greatest positive effects on olive vegetative growth, flowers, fruit set, and olive and oil yields. It is suggested that DI in winter and spring is the best irrigation strategy for olive productivity in southwest China.

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