Drip Irrigation Elevated Olive Productivity in Southwest China

Water is essential for crops and plays a vital role in olive (Olea europaea) growth. Three irrigation treatments, rain-fed (CK), flood irrigation (FI), and drip irrigation (DI), were applied from late November to late May in a 2-year study (Nov. 2015 to Oct. 2017) on two olive cultivars, Coratina and Koroneiki. Shoot growth, flower and fruit characteristics, and olive and oil yields were measured. Compared with CK, FI had significantly higher values of vegetative growth, olive and oil yields, moisture content, and oil content. Although the fruit weight, pulp rate, and oil content with DI were the lowest, our results support that DI had the greatest positive effects on olive vegetative growth, flowers, fruit set, and olive and oil yields. It is suggested that DI in winter and spring is the best irrigation strategy for olive productivity in southwest China.

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Ripening time and fruit characteristics of advanced olive selections for oil production

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar07142 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Raúl de la Rosa ◽

Lorenzo León ◽

Inmaculada Moreno ◽

Diego Barranco ◽

Luis Rallo

Keyword(s):

Field Trial ◽

Oil Content ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

First Year ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Fruit Removal ◽

Ripening Time ◽

Agronomic Evaluation ◽

Olive Cultivars

In the olive breeding program of Córdoba, Spain, the first 15 obtained selections have recently been tested in a comparative field trial, including their genitors, ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Picual’, as a control. In this work, we report the evaluation of the fruit characteristics and ripening time of those selections. Average data recorded in the comparative field trial orchard in two consecutive harvest seasons were used for statistical analysis. A high degree of variability and significant differences between genotypes were obtained for all the fruit characteristics analysed, and for ripening time and extractability index. For most of those parameters, selections showing better values than the genitors have been found. In particular, many of the selections had higher oil content than the genitors. Data for seedling plants evaluation was significantly correlated with data of the reported field trial for fruit weight, fruit removal force/fruit weight ratio and oil content. This indicates that selection in the seedling stage for these characters can be efficiently performed, even when only the first year of agronomic evaluation of the seedling is considered. On the contrary, seedling selection for fruit moisture, fruit removal force and ripening date seems to be difficult to perform. In summary, the results of the agronomic evaluation suggest that some of the selections could be released as new olive cultivars in the near future, for first time in Spain.

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Fruit and Oil Characteristics of Olive Candidate Cultivars from Turkey

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44110226 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yasin OZDEMIR ◽

Aysun OZTURK ◽

Engin GUVEN ◽

Muge ASAN NEBIOGLU ◽

Nesrin AKTEPE TANGU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Oil Content ◽

Free Acid ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Good Potential ◽

Oil Characteristics ◽

Free Acid Content

This is the first study in Turkey that evaluated olive fruit and oil characteristics of 23 cultivar candidates selected among 393 olive genotypes, on the bases of agronomical characteristics; the candidate cultivars were obtained by cross breeding between standard cultivars ('Gemlik', 'Edinciksu', 'Uslu', 'Tavşan Yüreği', 'Karamürselsu') and foreign cultivars ('Lucques', 'Belle d'Espagne' and 'Manzanilla'). Fruit traits such as fruit weight, flesh to seed ratio, fruit and seed size, as well as oil characteristics such as moisture, oil content, specific absorption at ultraviolet light, free acid content, peroxide value, chlorophyll and fatty acid composition were determined. Fruits and oils of intensely cultivated 'Gemlik' and 'Ayvalık' olive cultivars were also analyzed to compare them with the new candidate cultivars. According to the oil content, 'GE067' (23.30%), 'GE181' (23.97%), 'GE366' (22.52%), 'GE417' (22.16%), 'GT009' (24.14%), 'GT014' (21.02%), 'GU247' (22.48%), 'GU320' (27.15%) and 'GU434' (21.89%) gave better results, thus having good potential for registration as new cultivars for oil production. 'GE366' and 'GU434' were determined as the best cultivar candidates for producing dual purpose olives (table olives and oil). 'GE363' had the best fatty acid composition, which is an important feature in terms of oxidative stability and disease prevention.

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Preliminary Evaluation of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars in Northwest and Central of Mexico

Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajahr/2020/v7i330095 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

Raúl Leonel Grijalva-Contreras ◽

Rubén Macías-Duarte ◽

Arturo López-Carvajal ◽

Fabián Robles-Contreras ◽

Manuel de Jesús Valenzuela-Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Oil Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Northwest Region

A strategy to improve productivity in olive orchards is the evaluation of cultivars that respond better to the environmental growing conditions The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield potential and oil quality of five olive cultivars (Arbequina, Coratina, Manzanilla, Arbosana and Mission) in two regions of Mexico. The experiment was carried out during two consecutive years 2018 and 2019. At Northwest Region the five olive cultivars were planted in 2013 at a spacing of 10 x 5 m (having 200 trees ha-1) and Central Region olive cultivars were planted in 2013 at spacing of 6 x 6 m (278 trees ha-1) and both locations under drip irrigation systems. The variables evaluated were: yield, fruit weight, oil content and oil quality (acidity, peroxide value and absorbance K232 and K270). The experiment was analyzed using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Our results showed high differences between locations, Arbequina was the cultivar with the highest yield at the fifth and sixth years of planting with an average of 48.8 kg tree-1 at Northwest Region and only 15.5 kg tree-1 at Central Region. The cultivar with the highest oil content in the Northwest Region was Manzanilla with an average of 12.3% and the lowest for Arbequina with only 9.3%, while at Central Region the cultivar with the highest oil content was Coratina with 20.2% and the lowest in Manzanilla with 16.1%. Extra virgin olive oil was obtained in all the cultivars in both locations according to chemical analysis. Finally, it is necessary to continue with the evaluation of other varieties with resistance to high temperatures at Northwest Region and resistance to frost at Central Region.

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Pollenizer and Cultivar Influence Seed Number and Fruit Characteristics in Olea europaea L.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.10.1430 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1430-1437 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Daniela Farinelli ◽

Pierluigi Pierantozzi ◽

Assunta Maria Palese

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Central Italy ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Seed Number ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Final Weight ◽

Normal Seed ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Dispersal Unit

The effect of several pollination combinations of the olive cultivars Ascolana Tenera, Carolea, Leccino, and Picholine on seed quality and seed number and drupe and seed features were evaluated in 2007 and in 2008 in central Italy. The well-known pattern in olive fruit was confirmed by the high percentage of drupes (71.8%, on average) containing one seed with a closed endocarp, as the dispersal unit, optimizing the plant’s investment in seedling survival. Based on the results of the χ2 test of independence, there was a significant maternal and paternal effect on the number of normal seeds per drupe in some years and combinations. Particularly, in 2007, Picholine and Leccino cultivars (as mother) had drupes with two normal seeds (23.7% and 3.1%, respectively, with respect to 10.8% observed in a normal seed pattern), confirming that double-seeding in olive could be cultivar-dependent. Also the specific crosspollination between ‘Carolea’, as a pollenizer, and ‘Ascolana Tenera’ gave rise to a higher proportion of double-seeded drupes in 2007 (39% with respect to 14.3% expected to be in this category). In 2008, although ‘Ascolana Tenera’ produced more drupes with undeveloped seeds (31.9% with respect to 19.7% expected to be in that category), ‘Leccino’ and ‘Carolea’ had drupes with a lower number of undeveloped seed (14.2% and 11.5%, respectively). ‘Maurino’ and ‘Ascolana Tenera’ pollen produced significant effects on ‘Leccino’ drupes by increasing the number of drupes with undeveloped seeds in both experimental years. Double-seeded drupes outweighed those with only one normal seed in ‘Leccino’ and ‘Picholine’. Instead, drupes with undeveloped seeds affected fruit weight, being generally lighter than those with normal seeds. Although the Leccino cultivar, combined with ‘Maurino’ and ‘Ascolana Tenera’, greatly increased the proportion of drupes without normal seed, such condition did not affect their final weight, which was not different from those with one normal seed, suggesting that this variety caused late seed death.

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Changes in the Profiles of Yield, Yield Component, Oil Content, and Citral Content in Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Following Foliar Fertilization with Zinc and Boron

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10010059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ming Gao ◽

Yicun Chen ◽

Liwen Wu ◽

Yangdong Wang

Keyword(s):

Boric Acid ◽

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Oil Content ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Yield Component ◽

High Yield ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Combined Application ◽

Litsea Cubeba

Mountain pepper (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon) is an important oil plant used as an ingredient in edible oil, cooking condiments, cosmetics, pesticides, and potential biofuels. Zinc and boron are essential micronutrients for plant growth. However, the effects of zinc and boron on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content in L. cubeba have not been determined. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the foliar application of zinc, boron, and multiple micronutrients (zinc + boron) on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content of three varieties (Fuyang 1 (FY1), Jianou 2 (JO2), and Jianou 3 (JO3)) of L. cubeba. Zinc sulfate (0.25%), boric acid (0.25%), and zinc sulfate (0.25%) + boric acid (0.25%) were sprayed on selected trees at five different times at full bloom and 28 days before harvest, once every seven days. The results indicated that Zn had a negative effect on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content of the FY1, JO2, and JO3 varieties compared to the untreated trees. B had positive effects on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content of the JO2 and JO3 varieties but not on those of the FY1 variety when compared to the untreated trees. The highest levels of yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content for all three varieties were obtained with the combined application of zinc sulfate + boric acid. Hence, the foliar application of multiple micronutrients (zinc + boron) is an effective method to improve the yield, oil content, and citral content in L. cubeba. In addition, the 100-fruit weight (HFW) was positively correlated with the yield, oil content, and citral content and could be used as a tool to select new cultivars with high yield, high oil content, and high citral content under zinc sulfate, boric acid, and zinc sulfate + boric acid applications in L. cubeba.

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Effect of Bridge Grafting the M9 Self-rooted Rootstock in Trunk-wounded Apple Trees on Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13122-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 937-945

Author(s):

Chenping Zhou ◽

Ruiting Chen ◽

Yaqiang Sun ◽

He Wang ◽

Yi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Tree Height ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Partial Recovery ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Apple Trees

Bridge grafting is widely applied in trunk-wounded apple trees. In this study, we carried out semigirdling and ring girdling on the trunk of ‘Nagafu 2’/Malus baccata (L.) Borkh apple trees to simulate trunk injury. We then bridge grafted a M9 self-rooted rootstock on the injured trunks to study the effects of bridge grafting on flowering, fruit-set, tree vigor, and fruit characteristics in ‘Nagafu 2’ apple. The results showed that both semigirdling and ring girdling due to the large wounded area caused significant decrease in flowering, fruit-set, and tree vigor (estimated by measuring leaf area, leaf gas exchange, tree height, and shoot growth); in addition, ring girdling increased flesh and peel firmness. However, bridge grafting of M9 self-rooted rootstock on semigirdling and girdling apple trees resulted in partial recovery of tree vigor (leaf area and photosynthesis) and maintaining the reduction of vegetative growth, thereby increasing flowering, fruit-set, yield, fruit weight, and peel firmness.

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Relationship of severity pruning and weather variables on quality fruit production of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L. cv. Sanaur-2)

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i1.49093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Yogesh Khokhar

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Vital Role ◽

Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽

Weather Variables ◽

Severity Of The Disease

Pruning had a vital role on the quality of fruit production in ber fruit crop under lower Shiwaliks of Punjab. The severity of pruning intensity significantly influenced the tree vegetative growth parameters and flowering behaviour of ber cv. Sanaur-2 viz. number of emerged shoots per branch, shoot length and girth of primary shoot. A significant higher percentage of fruit set, fruit retention, higher percentage of ‘A’ grade fruits and other fruit quality parameters viz., fruit weight, TSS, acidity, vitamin C, total sugars was recorded significantly higher in pruning treatment by removal 50 per cent vegetative growth over other treatments. Powdery mildew incidence steadily increased from standard meteorological weeks (SMW) 36 - 39 to 40 - 43 and then decreased under different pruning treatments. The severity of pruning reduces the incidence of powdery mildew. The meteorological knowledge on various weather variables at 3 - 4 weeks to actual incidence also can be effectively used to check the spread and severity of the disease.

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Fruit characteristics of six candidate olive cultivars

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2018-0017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 169-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasin Ozdemir ◽

Nesrin Aktepe Tangu ◽

Aysun Ozturk ◽

Mehmet Emin Akcay ◽

Sezai Ercisli

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Table Olives ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Standard Cultivar ◽

Horticultural Research

AbstractSome important physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of raw and processed olives (processed by the same scratched table olive process) were investigated. In the study, six candidate cultivars obtained by cross-breeding and one standard cultivar (‘Domat’) grown together in an olive breeding and observation plot in the Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute in Turkey were investigated. Fruit weight and flesh-to-seed ratio of fresh raw olives ranged from 5.18 to 7.65 g and 4.8 to 6.3, respectively. LT011 had the highest fruit weight, whereas LT001 and LE001 had the highest flesh-to-seed ratio. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the produced table olives were estimated between 102 and 141 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g−1fresh weight, and 13.4 and 14.9 µmol Trolox 100 g−1, respectively. Fruits of LT001 had higher appearance, taste, bitterness and general appreciation scores than the others. LT001 showed a lesser loss of oleuropein absorbance and antioxidant activity than the others during processing. The results of this study revealed that LE001, LT001 and LT011 had superior characteristics for the production of scratched green table olives.

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Effects of Drip Irrigation Design on a Lemon and a Young Persimmon Orchard in Semi-Arid Conditions

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131795 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1795

Author(s):

Margarita Parra ◽

David Hortelano ◽

Francisco García-Sánchez ◽

Diego S. Intrigliolo ◽

José S. Rubio-Asensio

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Similar Amount ◽

Perennial Crops ◽

Woody Perennial ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Irrigation Design ◽

Tree Performance

Drip irrigation is presently widely recognized as the most efficient irrigation system that can be used in woody perennial crops. However, uncertainties exist on the more appropriate agronomic design to employ. Here, we summarized the research carried out for three seasons in two young woody perennial crops (persimmon and lemon) in southeastern Spain. Several irrigation designs were compared by maintaining a similar amount of water application but varying the number of emitters and pipelines in each row in the orchard. In the lemon trial, the agronomic irrigation design was additionally combined with different irrigation regimes, comparing full irrigation (FI) with sustained deficit irrigation (SDI). In the persimmon trees, which were still at the juvenility stage, varying the number of emitters per tree or the number of drip lines per tree row, neither affects tree performance nor fruit yield in two out of the three seasons. However, over the entire experimental period, the relative trunk growth increased when more emitters were employed. In the lemon trial, carried out with trees that had reached commercial production, the FI, compared with SDI, increased trunk growth and average fruit weight, while a reduced number of fruits per tree without affecting total yield was observed in the third year of experimentation. The number of emitters per tree only had an effect the first year, increasing lemon fruit weight when the number of drippers per tree increased. In addition, fruit composition was not consistently affected by the irrigation design. It is concluded that, for a given irrigation dose, irrigation frequency, and soil conditions (loam-clay texture), in both very young and more mature trees, increasing the number of emitters or the wetted area only had some slight positive effects on tree performance.

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