Synergistic Effects of Wood Ash and Essential Oil on Fecundity, Pupal Eclosion and Adult Mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Cowpea Seed Weevil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akami Mazarin ◽  
Elias Nukenine ◽  
Changying Niu ◽  
Frederic Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Cowpea Seed

scholarly journals Effect of Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) leaf extract on cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus [Fabricius, 1775], Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Samuel Femi BABATUNDE ◽  
Abdulrasak Kannike MUSA
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Blue Gum

<div class="WordSection1"><p>A laboratory study was carried out to examine the efficacy of solvent extract of <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> leaves in reducing post-harvest losses caused by cowpea weevil<em> </em>(<em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em>) on cowpea seed variety RSH 256. 450 g of <em>E. globulus </em>leaf powder were put in 1000 ml flask and 450 ml of n-hexane was used as the solvent. The extract was tested at dosages of 50, 100 and 150 µl 50 g<sup>-1</sup> of cowpea grains on the weevil in stored cowpea. The different rates of treatment recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in causing adult mortality compared to the untreated control. The different rates of treatment also recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in emergence of F1 adults of each treatment compared to the control. The percentage masst loss and grain damage were also suppressed as a result of treatment with the plant material compared to the untreated control. However, among the treatments 150 µl 150 g<sup>-1</sup> cowpea recorded the highest adult mortality rate and lowest emergence while control had the lowest mortality rate and the highest emergence of the insect. The rates of application were indicative of bioactive characteristics of the plant extract.<strong></strong></p></div>

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PIPER GUINEENSE (SCHUMACH AND THONN) SEED OIL AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN STORED COWPEA SEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Chukwunonso O. Nzelu ◽  
Kingsley C. Emeasor ◽  
Nnaemeka J. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Cowpea Seed

Post-harvest losses due to insect pest infestation in storage constitute a challenge to sustainable food security and economic losses to farmers throughout the world. Use of synthetic chemicals have been the most effective means of reducing losses in storage. Unfortunately, these toxicants have adverse effects in humans and the environment. There is renewed search for safer plant products as alternatives. In this study, we assessed the potential use of Piper guineense seed oil in the control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) infestation on stored cowpea seeds. Adult mortality, oviposition rate, F1 progeny emergence, cowpea seed damage and seed germinability were the indices considered in the assessment under laboratory conditions. The setup of the experiment was completely randomized design (CRD). Statistical analysis of the data was by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Adult C. maculatus mortality was dose-dependent with higher dosages inducing 100% mortality. The number of eggs laid on the treated seeds were significantly (P<0.001) reduced. Progeny emergence and feeding damage were completely inhibited at higher dosages. The seed oil has no adverse effect on cowpea seed viability. The results indicated that P. guineense seed oil has protectant potential against insect pest damage in storage and a good alternative to synthetic insecticides in the control of insect pest of stored products.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and insecticidal activity Mentha piperita L. essential oil against the cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Saeidi ◽  
S. Mirfakhraie
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Relative Consumption Rate

Antifeedant activity of plant extract from Mentha piperita was tested against the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Dry ground plant was subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The resulting oil contained menthone (28.9%), menthol (28.5%), and pulegone (6.9%) as the major compounds. LC50 of M. piperita essential oil was 25.70 μL/L air and mortality increased as the doses of essential oil increased. LT50 values were 3.29, 2.74 and 1.89 h at 100, 200 and 500 μL/L air, respectively. The results of persistence test of oil revealed that essential oil of M. piperita on C. maculatus adults was 5.44 days. It was clear from the repellency index that M. piperita essential oil has strong repellency at 90, 180 and 360 μL/L air concentration. The results showed that M. piperita essential oil has significantly affected the relative growth rate, relative consumption rate and feeding deterrence index of C. maculatus adults and it was concentration-dependent. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food has decreased while the concentrations are not statistically different at 5% level compared to the control group. It seems that essential oil can be used as low-risk insecticides.

scholarly journals Fumigation Toxicity of Essential Oil Monoterpenes to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo E. Ajayi ◽  
Arthur G. Appel ◽  
Henry Y. Fadamiro
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Fumigation Toxicity

The fumigant toxicity of eight essential oil components, 1-8-cineole, carvacrol, eugenol, (−)-menthone, (−)-linalool, S-(−)-limonene, (−)-β-pinene, and (+)-α-pinene, was tested against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), at 0.25–60 µL/L air doses. 1-8-Cineole, carvacrol, and eugenol caused complete adult mortality at 10 µL/L air 24 h after treatment. 1-8-Cineole and carvacrol were the most toxic with LD50 values of 0.24 and 0.6 µL/L air at 24 h, respectively. (−)-β-Pinene and (+)-α-pinene were the least toxic with LD50 values of 31 and 31.4 µL/L air at 24 h, respectively. Toxicity was negatively correlated with vapor pressure. 1-8-Cineole and carvacrol caused 100% oviposition deterrence at all doses tested. Eugenol and (−)-menthone completely inhibited adult emergence. S-(−)-Limonene, (−)-β-pinene, and (+)-α-pinene were not effective at preventing oviposition or adult emergence, suggesting that a lethal dose of the three oil components would be necessary to control C. maculatus infestations.

scholarly journals Synergistic antibacterial combination of Lavandula latifolia Medik. essential oil with camphor

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursenem Karaca ◽  
Görkem Şener ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
Fatih Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Lavandula Latifolia

AbstractCombination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L. latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range: 0.16–20 mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range: 0.125–16 μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25–5 mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L. latifolia essential oil–camphor combinations were identified as “synergistic (FIC ≤ 0.5), and additive (0.5 < FIC ≤ 1)” in the respective combinations, suggesting further evaluation for formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cinnamomum verum Leaf and Flower Essential Oils and Analysis of Their Antibacterial, Insecticidal, and Larvicidal Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6303
Author(s):  
Arunaksharan Narayanankutty ◽  
Krishnaprasad Kunnath ◽  
Ahmed Alfarhan ◽  
Rajakrishnan Rajagopal ◽  
Varsha Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Different Parts

Cinnamomum verum is widely used in traditional medicines, and the different parts of the plant, such as bark, leaves, and flowers, are used for essential oil production. The present study compared the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. verum extracted from the leaves and flowers. In addition, efficacy of these essential oils against the two common pests Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus was also evaluated. The results indicated the presence of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, caryophyllene, and linalool in these essential oils, however, at different concentrations. The leaf essential oil was found to be 10–20% more effective as a fumigant against both the pests. Likewise, the leaf essential oil found to repel these pests even at lower concentrations than that of flower essential oil of C. verum. Besides, these essential oils were also effective in controlling the growth of various gram positive and gram negative microbial pathogens and possibly a safeguard for human health. On contrary, both the essential oils were found to be safe for the application on grains, as indicated by their germination potentials. It was also observed that these essential oils do not cause any significant toxicity to guppy fishes, thus confirming their ecological safety for use as a biopesticide.

scholarly journals Potentials of Cow Dung Ash as Protectants of Cowpea Seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p128
Author(s):  
Mohammed Suleiman ◽  
Fatima M. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Different Doses

Experiments were conducted to assess the protectant ability of cow dung ash (CDA) to cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. under laboratory conditions of 50-65% R.H and 28-32oC. The CDA at different rates of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00% (w/w) incorporated with cypermethrin powder at 0.625% were applied to 20 g of cowpea seeds in petri dishes. None of the ashes or cypermethrin was added to the control. Ten beetles were introduced into each of the petri dishes and covered with muslin cloth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Effects of the treatments on adult mortalities as well as median lethal dose (LD50) of CDA against C. maculatus were determined. Adult emergence and weight losses in seeds treated with CDA at different doses were assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the adult mortality of C. maculatus among different CDA treatments differed significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 13.33 to 100.00% 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Results of the study also showed that LD50 of CDA against C. maculatus at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) was 5.51 % (w/w). No adults emerged from the treated seeds and weight losses were observed in those treated with the lowest dose and the control only. Therefore, CDA could be utilized to protect cowpea seeds from C. maculatus infestations during storage.

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