scholarly journals Deep Issues behind the Crisis in the Niger Delta Region: The Case of Oil Exploration in Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tombari Bodo
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Petroleum Development

This study was designed to mirror the deep issues behind the crisis in the Niger Delta region, using the oil exploration of Ogoniland as the case study and proffering possible solutions on how best to combat the identified problems. To achieve this aim, focus group discussions, unstructured interviews and oral testimonies were employed for the collection of data; and data analysis were carried out using simple coding for recognition, transcription from the local dialect to English Language, rewriting and interpretations. The results revealed that the people’s expectation from the Government and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC) has not been met; illegal refineries and other criminal vices are now fully in operation in Ogoniland. The people blamed the Shell Petroleum Development Company, the Federal Government, some of their corrupt chiefs, Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) and some of the community youths for the problems in the communities. However, the Ogoni people believed that the full implementation of the United Nations Environmental Programmes (UNEP) report on Ogoniland and the Ogoni Bill of Rights will ameliorate all their sufferings. It was recommended that SPDC should avoid reaching agreements with the traditional rulers and politicians from Ogoni on projects bordering on development of the land that excludes the people. It was also recommended that SPDC should carry out town hall meetings, focus group discussions or even distribute questionnaires in the local communities in Ogoni communities to ascertain the best solutions from the local people (who are the majority) rather than taking only the decisions from Ogoni leaders, which may not be the consensus opinion of the people.

scholarly journals Mirroring the Conflict Situation of the Oil-rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria on the Screen: A Thematic Analysis of the Film - Black November

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Lucas ◽  
Fatima D. Vakkai ◽  
Tordue Simon Targema
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

This study examines the potentials of film in managing conflict in the oil rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This is against the backdrop that since the commencement of oil production in the region in the 1960s to date, it has continued to experience one form of armed conflict or the other. These manifest in several ways such as kidnapping of foreign oil workers, vandalization of oil facilities and confrontation with security operatives by militants, leaving adverse effects on the Nigerian economy which depends on crude oil as the major source of income. The paradox of plenty or resource curse that has come to characterize the region and how it can be addressed, therefore, is what prompts the current study. Using the Nollywood film- Black November, the study demonstrates that film is an instrument that can be used effectively to manage conflicts in the region. From the viewpoint of Singhal and Rogers’ Entertainment-Education approach, the study adopts thematic analysis to identify and discuss the various themes embedded in the film. Findings indicate that several forces are behind the intractable conflict in the region as contained in the film, such as exploitation of resident communities by multinational oil companies, environmental degradation occasioned by oil spillage and gas flaring, and gross injustice, insincerity and human rights abuse by security operatives that make the people lose faith and confidence in both them and the government which they represent. Other causes include betrayal and corruption on the part of community leaders and the burning fire of patriotism in the youth who are determined to fight for their rights. Given the rich thematic embodiment of the film, the study concludes that film has potentials which, if effectively harnessed, will go a long way in managing conflicts in the society.

scholarly journals Study on Potentiality of Biogas Plants and Their Role for the Conservation of Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Dinesh Ghimire ◽  
Jagannath Shrestha ◽  
Anup K.C
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biogas Technology

This study presents the potentiality of biogas plants and their role for the conservation of environment. It is basedon primary data collected from 84 household surveys, 6 key informant interviews and two focus group discussions. It was observed that more than 95% of the people residing in the VDCs were using firewood as a main source ofenergy. The total amount of firewood consumed was 510.570 ton/year which emits 775.052tCO2e/year. Due to the presence of agriculture based livestock holding population, there is a great potential of biogas technology. Thestudy showed that biogas technology could saved 34.40% of firewood which conserves 5.415 ha of forests area. There is a potentiality of 58 biogas plants of size 6 cu.m which will reduce 440.800 tCO2e/year.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12114Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 51-56

scholarly journals An investigation into respiratory health problems of workers at stone crushing industries in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Ehtesham Kabir ◽  
Aminul Islam ◽  
Md. Taufikuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
The Government

Purpose Occupational exposure to dust is a major health and safety concern for workers in developing countries. Such laborers are often exposed to dust without being aware of its threat to their health. In the process of crushing stone, mineralogical materials are released into the environment. The material includes dust, fumes, ashes or other industrial waste which may constitute toxic elements. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the respiratory health problems of stone crushing industry workers in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional descriptive research study was conducted by adopting a multi-method approach. Data were collected by use of a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, in-depth interview and spirometric examinations. Focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys were conducted among 240 workers. The respondents were divided in six groups for the spirometric examination. The questionnaire was formulated by following standards set by the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease questionnaire and European Coal and Steel Community. Data on respondent’s height, weight and smoking habits were collected by using a structured checklist. Meanwhile, lung functions were assessed by spirometry. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the data. Findings The results show that there was a significant relation between respiratory problems and inhalation of dust and particulate matter and cigarette smoking. It also shows that coughing was the most common problem among the respondents. The majority of respondents suffered from obstructive types of respiratory problems. Originality/value Findings of the study reveals that chronic exposure to dust at stone crushing plants increases the risk of respiratory problems and the impaired lung function of workers. It also reveals that there is a significant relation between respiratory problems and inhalation of dusts and cigarette smoking. Raising awareness about health risks amongst workers could reduce these health hazards. The government should make a national policy for the prevention, control and elimination of silica exposure and silicosis. The results would help to raise awareness of the issue. Finally, it would raise awareness on respiratory health problems of workers at stone crushing industries in Bangladesh and help the government to make a policy for the prevention, control and elimination of silica exposure and silicosis, and thus enhancing public health policy and practices in the country.

scholarly journals The Moving Image as a Panacea for Concise Analysis and Means of Ensuring Good Governance and Ameliorating Youth Restiveness in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Jariel Somieari Ikiroma-Owiye
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Military

The world is plagued with plethora of social issues generated from the complexity of modern existence. The control of sources of raw materials, exploitation, production, and trade has polarised our world. This paper looked at the Niger Delta situation from an audio-visual angle as reflected in the film ‘Krakraye’ by Gentle Jack. The Niger Delta region and her people have been neglected in terms of developmental needs in the Nigerian state, hence, the youths resort to self-identification and resource control which is the problem being stated. The aim of this paper is to present this issue bare in an audio-visual manner. The objectives are to concisely chronicle the real situation from the emergence of the military in the Nigerian scene to the present. Theoretical framework was the analytical approach to cultural studies, while the research methodology would entail the qualitative approach enmeshed with visual impressions, still photographs from the film ‘Krakraye’, and from other graphic and audio-visual sources. Findings of this study show that it is deliberate to underdevelop the Niger Delta region, keep the people poor so they will be loyal and could easily be overcome by the majority tribes, Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo who have never spoken against injustice meted to the Niger Delta communities. Contributions to knowledge is that visual presentation has shown the true plight of the Niger Delta people in visual images. Recommendations are that a naturally endowed, rich industrial environment should not be neglected for peace and development to thrive; stealing of the people’s commonwealth brings about capital flight as those in government are afraid to show their wealth in Nigeria rather, they launder and invest these monies abroad. This paper critically assessed the reach of film in exposing social anomaly as the case of the Niger Delta people, allegorically. Key Words: Film, Niger Delta, youth, democracy, development

scholarly journals Social impacts of oil extraction in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Obumneme Achunike
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Amnesty International ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Nigerian Government

Oil was discovered in Nigeria in1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta Region after almost 50 years of exploration. Shell-BP at that time, was the sole concessionaire because non-British companies were not given exploration license to operate in Nigeria. After Nigerian Independence in 1960, exploration rights were extended to other multinational oil companies. More than 16 multinational oil companies were in operation with little or no supervision from the Nigerian Government, which created significant environmental, political,and social impact in the region. A critical discourse analysis of documents from Shell, Amnesty International, THISDAY Newspaper revealed that the Nigerian government has failed to safeguard the environment and the lives of the people. On the basis of evidence presented on this research, in addition to literature, it can be argued that oil has turned out to be a curse to the Niger Delta Region and Nigeria in general.

scholarly journals Desertification in the Upper West Region of Ghana: Causes, Processes and Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Amankwah
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Wood Fuel ◽  
West Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Drying Up

This paper is written to find out the causes, processes and impact of desertification in the Upper West Region and to suggest ways to address the problem. The research was conducted through interviews, field survey, using questionnaires and focus group discussions. It was realized during the research that the people in the region are aware of the environmental degradation but have varied views on the causes and their consequences. They realized the reduction in crop yield in recent years, the changing weather pattern, the drying up of streams and river bodies and many others, which are as a result of the human activities that negatively affect the environment. The research also discovered that felling down of trees for charcoal production, wood fuel and bush burning top the list of environmental degradation in the region. It was concluded by proposing measures such as afforestation, proper land management, introduction of fine or punishment for bush burning and enforcement of forest regulations in curbing the rate of environmental degradation that leads to desertification in the region. Keywords: Desertification; Environmental degradation; Tree felling; Bush burning and charcoal.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY MOVEMENT IN WASTE MANAGEMENT (Case in Cikapundung River Basin in Bandung City)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bintarsih Sekarningrum ◽  
Desi Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Community Movement

There is a connection between the behaviour of throwing waste into the river with the community perspective about river. The behaviour of people throwing waste into the river assosiated with the lack of availability of facilities dispose of waste in the area and looked at the river as an object or place that is easiest to throw garbage into the river. Related to these problems, this research describes the community who doing the social movement in waste management a long the river, as well as analyzing patterns of community organizing in waste management.The approach used is a qualitative method of data collection techniques consisted of observation, interviews and focus group discussions. Research shows that the government has made efforts through the program "Clean Cikapundung River", and waste management efforts, sediment transport and manufacture kirmir on a riverbank to prevent abrasion. However Cikapundung still dirty and full of trash. To overcome these problems, there are many communities who awakened and stirred to make an effort in order Cikapundung no longer become dumping grounds. The movement to strive for existence of the river can be used again as an important source of livelihood for the people. Community was formed to instill public awareness of the environment, especially rivers, in the form of an appeal and a call to people not to throw garbage into the river and do the cleaning and arrangement along the river so that the river Cikapundung clean and free of trash based on solidarity and mutual assistance. The social movements showed public awareness to make changes to their environment, especially the problem of waste in the river.

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