scholarly journals Assessment of Outdoor Gamma Exposure Level of Some Swampy Agricultural Soils of Nasarawa West, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Abdullahi A. Mundi ◽  
Idris M. Mustapha ◽  
Rabo Maikeffi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Background Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Mean

In this study, assessment of outdoor background exposure levels in some selected swampy agricultural soil in Nasarawa West, Nigeria has been conducted. An in-situ measurement of outdoor background exposure rate (in mRhr-1) for a total of fifty farms (ten each from Keffi (KF), Kokona (KK), Karu (KR), Toto (TT), and Nasarawa (NS))  were  done  using  a  well  calibrated  portable  halogen-quenched  Geiger  Muller  (GM)  detector (Inspector alert Nuclear radiation monitor SN:3544). A geographical positioning system (GPS) was used at an elevation of 1.0 m above ground level to obtain the geographical location.  The radiological hazard parameters were evaluated using the measured outdoor background exposure rates.  The values obtained were compared with recommended permissible limits to ascertain the radiological hazard status of the swampy agricultural farms.  The  mean  values  of  the  outdoor  background  exposure  levels (0.23, 0.038, 0.028, 0.022, and 0.039 mRh-1), absorbed dose rates (458.49, 334.95, 188.79, 194.01,  and 343.65 nGyh-1) and excess lifetime cancer risk (1.968, 1438, 0.810, 0.832, and 1.475)  each for KF, KK, KR, TT, and NS respectively, are higher than the  recommended  safe  limits  of  0.013  mRh-1,  84.0  nGyh-1,  0.00029 respectively  as  recommended by UNSCEAR and ICRP. On the other hand, the mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) values (0.563, 0.410, 0.232, 0.238, and 0.421 mSvy-1 for KF, KK, KR, TT, and NS respectively) are below the recommended permissible limits of 1.00 mSvy-1 for general public exposure. Generally, the study revealed that swampy agricultural soils in Nasarawa west are radiologically safe with little contamination which could be attributed to the geological formation and partly due to human activity in the area.

scholarly journals Occupational Noise Exposure of Traffic Enforcers in Selected Streets in the City of Manila

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Elinor R. Dulay ◽  
Ma. Danica Katrina P. Galvan ◽  
Rio Joana M. Puyaoan ◽  
Angel Abraham Y. Sison ◽  
Nicole S. Natanauan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Standards ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Objective. The study aimed to evaluate the sound pressure levels of selected traffic enforcer sites in the City of Manila. Methods. A Brüel & Kjær Integrating Sound Level Meter type 2225 was used to measure sound pressure levels in dB(A) to estimate personal noise exposure of traffic enforcers designated at Quezon Boulevard near Quiapo Church and Recto – Rizal Avenue on a weekday and a weekend. Graphs were generated while appropriate measures were calculated for the noise exposure levels. The mean exposure levels were compared with the Philippine Occupational Safety and Health standards by computing the corresponding permissible exposure limit for each work shift using the Equal Energy Principle.17 Results. Noise exposure levels at Quezon Boulevard ranged from 75.0 dB(A) to 91.5 dB(A) with mean noise exposure level of 84.3 ± 3.7 dB(A) and 82.5 ± 2.6 dB(A) for the weekday AM and PM shift, respectively. The mean noise exposure level at Quezon Boulevard for the weekend AM shift was 82.4 ± 2.6, whereas 80.4 ± 2.8 for the PM shift. The noise exposure levels at Recto – Rizal Avenue ranged from 81.5 dB(A) to 99.3 dB(A) with mean noise exposure level of 86.7 ± 2.6 dB(A) and 86.0 ± 2.1 dB(A) for the weekday AM and PM shift, respectively. The mean noise exposure level at Recto – Rizal Avenue for the weekend AM shift was 86.7 ± 2.3, whereas 89.0 ± 4.0 for the PM shift. Conclusion. The study showed that traffic enforcers designated at Quezon Boulevard and Recto – Rizal Avenue are exposed to noise levels that do not exceed the Philippine Occupational Safety and Health standards.

Comparing of the Natural Radioactivity in Soil Samples of University at Al-Husseineya and Al-Mothafeen Sites of Kerbala, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Abstract: Radioactivity must be studied in soil to see the changes in the doses of human exposure. In this study, natural radioactivity and radiological hazard indices in soil samples of the Faculty of Agriculture (Al-Husseineya site) and the Faculty of Medicine (Al-Mothafeen site) in Kerbala Governorate were determined using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the mean values of specific activity (in units of Bq/kg) and standard errors of: 238U, 232Th and 40K at Al-Husseineya site was 21.7±7.2, 9.43±3.2 and 335.8±82.2, respectively, while at Al-Mothafeen site, the mean values and standard errors were 22.4±8.8, 11.2±3.3 and 333.1±70.7, respectively. Radiation maps of natural radioactivity (238U, 232Th and 40K) at Al-Husseineya and Al-Mothafeen sites were mapped using geographic information system (GIS) technology. Moreover, most results in the present study fall within the acceptable levels, as defined by OCDE, UNSCEAR and ICRP. Therefore, there is no significant radiological hazard at the sites which were studied. Keywords: Radiological hazard, Natural radioactivity, Soil, NaI (Tl), Gamma-ray, Karbela University.

scholarly journals Radiation Organ Doses and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Due to Exposure to Gamma Radiation from Two Cement Industries in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. Onwuka ◽  
C. P. Ononugbo ◽  
G. O. Avwiri
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Organ Dose ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
The Mean

A study of background ionizing radiation (BIR) levels to estimate organ dose rates and excess lifetime cancer risk in Unicem cement producing company, Calabar, Cross River state and Bua cement producing company, Okpella in Edo state have been carried out using Digilert 100 and Radalert-200 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (GPS) for GIS mapping of the area. The in-situ measurement of the exposure rate was between May, 2018 and June, 2019 at regular intervals. The average exposure rate of 0.023 mRh-1 was measured at Unicem, Calabar and 0.027 mRh-1 at Bua cement area, Okpella. The mean equivalent doses of 1.92 mSvy-1 and 2.29 mSvy-1 was recorded in Unicem and Bua Okpella respectively. The estimated mean outdoor absorbed dose rate value of 196.74 nGyh-1 in Unicem and its environment while in Bua cement industry, Okpella, the value of 234.9 nGyh-1 was obtained. The mean annual effective dose calculated was 0.24 and 0.29 mSvy-1 for Unicem and Bua Okpella respectively. The mean excess life time cancer risk recorded in the areas 0.72 x10-3 in Unicem area and 1.01 x10-3 in Bua cement environment. The calculated dose to organs showed that the testes have the highest organ dose of 0.74 mSvy-1 and 0.83 mSvy-1 for Unicem and Bua Okpella areas respectively while the liver has the lowest organ dose of 0.08 mSvy-1 and 0.11 mSvy-1 for Unicem and Bua Okpella respectively. This study revealed that the exposure rate and all the radiological risk parameters exceeded their recommended safe values. The area of study is radiologically polluted and may be detrimental to human health for long term exposure.

RF-EMF EXPOSURE LEVELS IN SENSITIVE LAND USE IN GREECE: EDUCATIONAL UNITS CENSUS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF KORYDALLOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Aris Alexias ◽  
Yiannis Kiouvrekis ◽  
Vasiliki Softa ◽  
Constantin Kappas ◽  
Charilaos Tyrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Primary And Secondary Education ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The growing popularity of mobile phones and the expansion of network infrastructure in Greece have raised concerns about the possible negative health effects on sensitive groups, such as children, from exposure to long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs). Aims The objective of this study is to estimate mean RF-EMF exposure levels of primary and secondary education schools located in the municipality of Korydallos, Athens, Greece. Methods We performed measurements to all the schools units ($n=62$) in the region in order to calculate the mean value for RF-EMF exposure in the range of 27 MHz–3 GHz, which covers the whole spectrum of RF-EMF sources. Results At the $97.5\%$ of schools found in Korydallos region, the exposure level is at least 2200 times below the Greek exposure limits. Conclusion The exposure levels in the locations tested are both below $60\%$ of the highest limit set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection regarding school exposures.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring Study of Deoxynivalenol Exposure in Chinese Inhabitants

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Jiang Liang ◽  
Pei Cao ◽  
Shuang Zhou ◽  
Aibo Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To investigate the levels of a deoxynivalenol (DON) biomarker in the urine of subjects living in two China provinces with different geographic locations and dietary patterns, and estimate their dietary DON exposures and health risks. Methods: First morning urine samples were collected on three consecutive days from 599 healthy subjects—301 from Henan province and 298 from Sichuan province—to analyze the total DON concentrations (tDON) after β-glucuronidase hydrolysis using a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based method. The consumption of cereal foods in the previous 24 h before each urine collection was recorded using a duplicate diet method. DON exposure levels were estimated based on the urinary tDON concentrations. Results: Total DON were detected in 100% and 92% of the urine samples from Henan and Sichuan, respectively. Mean urinary tDON concentrations were 52.83 ng/mL in Henan subjects and 12.99 ng/mL in Sichuan subjects, respectively. The tDON levels were significantly higher in the urine of Henan subjects than that of the Sichuan subjects (p < 0.001). Urinary tDON levels were significantly different among age groups in both areas (Henan: p < 0.001; Sichuan: p = 0.026) and were highest in adolescents aged 13–17 years, followed by children aged 7–12 years. Based on the DON biomarker and exposure conversion reported by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the mean estimated dietary intakes of DON were 1.82 μg/kg bw/day in Henan subjects and 0.45 μg/kg bw/day in Sichuan subjects. A total of 56% of Henan subjects and 12% of Sichuan subjects were estimated to exceed the PMTDI of 1 μg/kg bw/day. Consistent with urinary tDON levels, the highest estimated dietary DON intakes were also in children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. For all kinds of wheat-based foods except dumplings, the consumptions were significantly higher in Henan than those in Sichuan. The mean consumption of steamed buns was 8.4-fold higher in Henan (70.67 g/d) than that in Sichuan (8.45 g/d). The mean consumption of noodles in Henan (273.91 g/d) was 3.6-fold higher than that in Sichuan (75.87 g/d). Conclusions: The levels of urinary DON biomarker and the estimated dietary DON intakes in Henan province were high and concerning, especially for children and adolescents. The overall exposure level of Sichuan inhabitants was low.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown around Some Gold Mining Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. O. Sam- Uket ◽  
G. B. Bate
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
The Mean

Aims: This study was aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe and Au) in mango plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) from two gold mining areas (Maraba and Duke) and the control (Kadauri) in Zamfara State, Nigeria for establishment of a baseline data for these metals and determining the suitability of the mango fruit for consumption. Study Design: Analytical study design was applied in a stratified manner for the research. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the environmental technology laboratory, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria between March and August 2019. Methodology: A cumulative total of 96 samples of plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) were collected and analysed for Lead, Cadmium, Iron and Gold using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with a mixture of 20 ml HNO3 and 8 ml HClO4. Results: The results obtained for the mean metal concentrations were; most abundant, Pb (62.07 ± 54.09 mg/kg) in mango roots from Duke and the least abundant, Cd (0.52 ± 0.44 mg/kg) in fruits from Kadauri. All the metals had very high (> 0.5) translocation factors indicating fast movement from the roots to the shoots while the mean values of these metals in the fruits were found to be above the WHO and FAO maximum permissible limits which shows high level of contamination as a result of gold mining activities. Metals generally occurred in the order: Pb>Fe> Au > Cd and they differed across sampling stations with the mining areas having significantly (P<0.05) higher values than the control. Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration in mango plant was found to be generally higher than the permissible limits hence the fruits are considered unsuitable for human consumption.

Host-parasite Relationships ofBulinus globosusandB. truncatuswith Strains ofSchistosoma haematobiutm

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Webbe ◽  
C. James
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Level ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cercarial Production ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hourly Output ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Host Parasite

It is apparent that under the conditions of the observations recorded in this study the host-parasite relationships of the two species of snails and their respective strains ofS. haematobiumexhibit marked similarity in certain respects but differ in others. Higher cercarial infection rates were obtained inB. globosusthan inB. truncalusat relatively low miracidial exposure levels but the daily mean cercarial outputs of each species at the same miracidial exposure level were similar. A higher frequency of production of large numbers of cercariae was recorded for infividualB. globosusthan forB. truncatus. The mean cercarial prepatent periods forB. globosusandB. truncatusat a level of 7 miracidia were each 32 days, but infectedB. globosuslived appreciably longer than infectedB. truncatus. The hourly output of both species exposed to stimuli for the same period of time was broadly similar. Peaks of cercarial production were generally reached earlier by individualB. truncatus(2 weeks) after onset of shedding than by individualB. globosus(4–5 weeks), although erratic shedding was observed for both species.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Occupational Exposure to Diesel Engine Exhaust for Shipyard Transporter Signal Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4398
Author(s):  
Jungah Shin ◽  
Boowook Kim ◽  
Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Mean

Background: Workers performing signal work for a heavy-duty shipyard transporter are exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE), which is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Here, we evaluate DEE exposure levels for workers engaged in shipyard transporter signal work through measurement of respirable elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and total carbon (TC), and identify the factors affecting exposure. Methods: Sixty signal workers were selected, and measured samples were analyzed by thermo-optical transmittance. Results: The mean EC exposure level of a transporter signal worker was 4.16 µg/m3, with a range of 0.69 to 47.81 µg/m3. EC, OC, and TC exposure levels did not show statistically significant differences for individual variables except the measurement date. This was influenced by meteorological factors such as wind speed, and it was confirmed that the work position, number carried, and load capacity in the multiple regression analysis after minimizing the meteorological effects were factors influencing the EC exposure level of the signalman. Conclusions: Meteorological conditions influenced DEE exposure of transporter signal workers who work outdoors. The mean EC exposure level was not high, but exposures to high concentrations of EC were recorded by meteorological factors.

scholarly journals Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazwa Alzubaidi ◽  
Fauziah B. S. Hamid ◽  
I. Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides226Ra,232Th, and40K were determined in 30 agricultural and virgin soil samples randomly collected from Kedah, north of Malaysia, at a fertile soil depth of 0–30 cm. Gamma-ray spectrometry was applied using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector and a PC-based MCA. The mean radioactivity concentrations of226Ra,232Th, and40K were found to be 102.08 ± 3.96, 133.96 ± 2.92, and 325.87 ± 9.83 Bq kg−1, respectively, in agricultural soils and 65.24 ± 2.00, 83.39 ± 2.27, and 136.98 ± 9.76 Bq kg−1, respectively, in virgin soils. The radioactivity concentrations in agricultural soils are higher than those in virgin soils and compared with those reported in other countries. The mean values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose ratesD(nGy h−1), annual effective dose equivalent, and external hazard index (Hex) are 458.785 Bq kg−1, 141.62 nGy h−1, and 0.169 mSv y−1, respectively, in agricultural soils and 214.293 Bq kg−1, 87.47 nGy h−1, and 0.106 mSv y−1, respectively, in virgin soils, with averageHexof 0.525. Results were discussed and compared with those reported in similar studies and with internationally recommended values.

scholarly journals Occupational Hazards from Outdoor and Indoor Radiation in Oil Field Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. O. Avwiri ◽  
J. Ekpo ◽  
Y. E. Chad-Umoren
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

The aim of this study is to determine the occupational hazards due to exposure to gamma radiations from oil and gas facilities. In-situ measurement of radiation exposure rate of some Oil Field Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria  carried out using Digilert 200 and Radalert 100 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (Garmin GPSMAP 76S). The average exposure rates of the facilities range from 0.010±0.002 to 0.015±0.001, for indoor and 0.014±0.003 to 0.027±0.003  for outdoor. The mean absorbed dose rates for indoor varied from 92.1 to 121.1 nGyh-1 while the mean outdoor absorbed dose varied from 120.4 to 234.2 nGyh-1. The estimated indoor annual effective dose varied from 0.14 to 0.19 mSvy-1 while the outdoor annual effective dose varied from 0.23 to 0.36 m Svy-1.The estimated indoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) range from 0.56× to 0.65x10-3 and outdoor ranged from 0.65×5 to 1.26×. The respective mean values of absorbed dose, AEDE and ELCR for indoor and outdoor measurements at the different locations exceeded the world permissible values of 60, 70 and 0.29× respectively. The result of this work indicated that used oilfield pipe market recorded the highest exposure rate. This could be due to radiations from scales on the pipes and may pose health challenged for long term exposure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document