scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown around Some Gold Mining Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. O. Sam- Uket ◽  
G. B. Bate
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
The Mean

Aims: This study was aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe and Au) in mango plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) from two gold mining areas (Maraba and Duke) and the control (Kadauri) in Zamfara State, Nigeria for establishment of a baseline data for these metals and determining the suitability of the mango fruit for consumption. Study Design: Analytical study design was applied in a stratified manner for the research. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the environmental technology laboratory, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria between March and August 2019. Methodology: A cumulative total of 96 samples of plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) were collected and analysed for Lead, Cadmium, Iron and Gold using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with a mixture of 20 ml HNO3 and 8 ml HClO4. Results: The results obtained for the mean metal concentrations were; most abundant, Pb (62.07 ± 54.09 mg/kg) in mango roots from Duke and the least abundant, Cd (0.52 ± 0.44 mg/kg) in fruits from Kadauri. All the metals had very high (> 0.5) translocation factors indicating fast movement from the roots to the shoots while the mean values of these metals in the fruits were found to be above the WHO and FAO maximum permissible limits which shows high level of contamination as a result of gold mining activities. Metals generally occurred in the order: Pb>Fe> Au > Cd and they differed across sampling stations with the mining areas having significantly (P<0.05) higher values than the control. Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration in mango plant was found to be generally higher than the permissible limits hence the fruits are considered unsuitable for human consumption.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

Evaluation of chemical contamination of surface water and groundwater in the landfill city of Ardabil

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Maliheh Shahmorad Moghanlou ◽  
Ebrahim Fataei
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Turbidity Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Hydrodynamic Thickness

Todays in our country the problem of waste disposal and the effects of entry alluvial aquifer their leachate and pollution of aquifers by hydrodynamic thickness in the direction of groundwater flow is highly regarded analytical descriptive study was conducted. To this purpose, the concentration of heavy metals plumb and cadmium and some physicochemical and biological parameters of surface water and groundwater around the landfill city of Ardabil in two time periods in spring 2015 and summer seasons were measured. Sampling, preparation and analysis of samples in accordance with the standard method of station 10 to within 5.5 km of landfill were Ardabil. Measurement of heavy metals, plumb and cadmium by atomic absorption were performed. The Results were analyzed by SPSS software, for the comparison of each parameter with drinking water standards and Agriculture tests comparing the average (T-TEST) was used. The results showed that groundwater and surface water of heavy metals, non-contaminated area and their results are below international standards. The mean values ??of microbiological and physicochemical parameters other than normal turbidity level and at the level of 1% were significantly lower than international standards.

Contents of Some Heavy Metals in Norwegian Rivers

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lenvik ◽  
E. Steinnes ◽  
A.C. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

Concentration data for the elements arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, and uranium in eleven Norwegian rivers, determined by neutron activation analysis, are presented. The mean values of the various rivers show the following range for the elements studied (μg/1): As, &lt;0.02-1.05. Cd, &lt;0.06-0.43. Co, 0.09-0.46. Mo, &lt;0.10-1.62, Zn, &lt;2-53. U, 0.041-0.58. The weighted mean values in this work are similar to the estimated world averages for rivers in the case of Co and Zn. For As, Mo, and U, the present values are lower than the world averages by a factor of 3 or more. This may be due to lower abundance of sedimentary rocks and deposits in Norway compared with the drainage basins of some of the major rivers in the world.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ni Toxicity to Fungi and Bacteria in Oil Tainted Soils in Greater Port Harcourt Area, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1221-1229
Author(s):  
M.P. Wanjala ◽  
L. Odokuma ◽  
I. Etela ◽  
R. Ramkat ◽  
B.A. Odogwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites

Intensified urbanization and industrialization are rapidly triggering the release of pollutants to the environment. This study determined the extent of soil contamination with Nickel (Ni) in oil mining areas and its effect on the levels of Ni tolerance by fungi and bacteria. The total CFUs/g of soil were enumerated after a culture period of 7 days at 28°C and LC50 was determined using probit and regression analysis. The mean values of Ni were 1.38±0.23 in industrial area, 1.41±0.36 ppm in agricultural area and 1.02±0.64 in urban area. The mean values of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) were 4,405.46 ppm in industrial area, 55.65 ppm in agricultural area and 1,304.53 ppm in urban area. Nickel’s peak concentration indicating growth of both fungi and bacteria at 150 ppm. There was significant difference (p ≤ 0.000) in the mean levels of LC50 for fungi among the study sites. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of TPH in soil and LC50 of fungi (r = -0.169) and bacteria (r = 0.042). In conclusion, TPH influenced the levels of fungi and bacteria tolerance to Ni in soils. Moreover, it was observed that LC50 can be a reliable method for monitoring chemically resistant microorganisms directly in the environment to improve the use of microorganisms for the bioremediation of oil contaminated soils and in monitoring of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Contents in Soils and Cassava Plants from Farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
N. P. Udeh ◽  
A. C. Ikegwuonu ◽  
O. A. Okeke ◽  
C. Obudulu ◽  
K. P. Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Mean

Soil samples and cassava tubers collected from farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka vicinity were analyzed for their heavy metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in order to assess their levels of contamination on the environment as a result of excessive fertilizers and automobile emission. Physiochemical properties of the soil samples were determined using standard methods. The soil pH had a mean value of 6.27 ± 0.07, 6.10 ± 0.06 and 6.57 ± 0.03 respectively indicating that the soils were slightly acidic to neutrality. Total organic carbon and nitrate mean values were 105.20 ± 6.20, 95.75 ± 9.57 and 94.6 ± 2.27 and 138.07 ± 12.09, 149.35 ± 14.25 and 149.20 ± 1.17 respectively showing presence of some organic matters. The mean levels of heavy metals in the soil samples were 0.01 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.05 ± 0.03 for lead (Pb), 0.24 ± 0.16, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.001 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.010 ± 0.006 and 0.001 ± 0.001 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb>Cd> Cr. The mean metal concentrations obtained in the cassava tubers respectively were 0.001 ± 0.001, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.005 ± 0.005 for lead (Pb), 0.000 ± 0.000, 0.0003 ± 0.0003 and 0.000 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.002 ± 0.002, 0.000 ± 0.000 and 0.002 ± 0.002 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb> Cr > Cd. For both the soil and cassava samples, there were no significant variations in the heavy metal concentrations and also in physicochemical parameter except for pH; this showed that there is low heavy metal enrichment in the soils studied. Based on the study, the following heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) falls within the Codex maximum permissible limits 0.1mg/l or ppm expect soil cadmium in science village which is above the Codex limit. The overall results showed that the farmlands (on soils and cassava tuber) appear to be free from poisoning or some metal enrichment and safe for agricultural purposes and also safe for human health and consumption.

scholarly journals Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighbourhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simeon O. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Potentially harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy metals, and hydro chemicals are often released into the aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to assess the concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in water samples from two different points (Mid-stream and downstream), also determine the levelsof Lead, Zinc, Manganese and copper in four commercially important fish species, Pseudotolithus senegalensis (croaker fish) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga), Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia fish) and Bagrus bayad (silver catfish) from Makoko water body, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Histopathological profile of the fish species selected was also examined. The results were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limit.The concentrations of the heavy metals were analyzed using Perkin Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pseudotholithus senegalensishad 3.01±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 3.48±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1as the mean concentration of lead, zinc, manganese, and copper respectively, while E. fimbriatahad 1.06±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 4.14±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1,O. mossambicushad 2.09±0.02, 3.11±0.04, 2.48±0.02, 0.62±0.01 mg kg-1and B. bayadhad 1.53±0.12, 3.61±0.05, 2.44±0.03, 0.66±0.01 mg kg-1 as the mean concentration of these metals in the tissues of these fishes. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the gills compared to other organs. The mean concentration of each heavy metal were varied significantly (p0.05) depending on the species of fish. In the histological analysis of the tissues, there was vacuolation of hepatocytes, inflammation, and necrosis. In the muscle, there was a mild lesion, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degenerations. But the level of tissue and organ degeneration is more severe in the gills. The study showed that some levels of these metals were within the permissible recommended allowed limit for human consumption. It is concluded that Makoko Lagoon water body and fishes are heavily contaminated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Assessing phytoremediation potentials of selected plant species in restoration of environments contaminated by heavy metals in gold mining areas of Tanzania

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e07979
Author(s):  
Caren A. Kahangwa ◽  
Cuthbert L. Nahonyo ◽  
George Sangu ◽  
Eliakira K. Nassary
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mining Areas

Trace element and vitamin B12 status of sheep given an oral dose of one, two or four soluble glass pellets containing copper, selenium and cobalt

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Judson ◽  
TH Brown ◽  
BR Kempe ◽  
RK Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the effect of an oral dose of 1, 2 or 4 soluble glass pellets containing cobalt, selenium and copper on the trace element and vitamin B12 status of sheep at pasture. Although the effective life of the pellet was intended to be 1 year, the retention of the pellet in the rumen was sometimes less than 6 months. Despite the apparently short retention period, an oral dose of 1 pellet was sufficient to provide physiologically significant quantities of copper, selenium and vitamin B12 to the animal for at least 45, 32 and 16 weeks respectively. The mean values for untreated sheep and sheep given 1 pellet were respectively 0.49 and 3.11 mmol copper/kg liver (dry matter) at week 45, 1.03 and 1.51 �mol selenium/L blood at week 32, and 1.15 and 1.82 nmol vitamin B12/L plasma at week 16. Sheep of normal copper and selenium status may be at risk of copper toxicity if given an oral dose of 2 or more pellets and of selenium toxicity if given 4 or more pellets at the same time. In sheep dosed with 4 pellets, mean liver copper and selenium concentrations exceeded, for 16 and 8 weeks respectively, the concentrations acceptable for human consumption.

scholarly journals The Measurement of Cadmium, Zinc and Silver in Chicken Meat in Isfahan Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Majid Gholami-Ahangaran ◽  
◽  
Asiye Ahmadi-Dastgerdi ◽  
Shahrzad Azizi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

Background: One of the concerns of consumers of animal protein sources is the residues of heavy metals in meat. The accumulation of these elements in meat and the consumption by humans can cause acute and chronic disorders in the function of vital organs. Methods: For the estimation of cadmium, zinc and silver in the poultry meat products, 100 samples of chicken breasts, thighs, hearts and livers were collected from meat markets in Isfahan Province. The tissues were digested and passed through filter paper, and the cadmium, zinc and silver contents were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The mean contents of cadmium in the chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 0.055±0.021, 0.048±0.023, 0.074±0.031, and 0.012±0.004 mg/kg, respectively. The mean contents of zinc in the chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 17.19±8.10, 15.70±5.75, 22.10±10.87, and 19.70±10.38 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of cadmium and zinc were below the international permissible limits in all samples. The mean concentrations of silver in some chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 0.0080±0.0044, 0.0048±0.0013, 0.012±0.009 and 0.0036±0.006, respectively. Of note, silver was not detected in most chicken samples. Conclusion: This study did not find cadmium, zinc and silver in the chicken meat samples above the international permissible limits. However, frequent monitoring for heavy metals in poultry meat sold in public markets is warranted to prevent their transmission to the human food chain.

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