scholarly journals Potential Applications of Cereals and Yams as Functional Foods to Reduce the Risk of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
N. N. G. Chiranthika ◽  
K. D. P. P. Gunathilake ◽  
Ananda Chandrasekara
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
By Products ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

The chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) are increasing throughout the populations and the burden of diseases is rising globally. Epidemiological evidences supports claim that intake of   foods with certain health benefits and reducing the risk of NCDs are having positive correlation, therefore, a rise in demand for foods including phytochemicals can be observed. Cereals  and   yams are known to be rich sources of phytochemicals which can be utilized to produce functional food products having the potential of reducing the risk of chronic NCDs such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and certain types of cancers. In   this review, the potentials of various cereals and yams that are being used as functional food products for human consumption to reduce the risk of NCD are being examined. The study further included a review on different phytochemicals in cereals and yams based functional food products and their bioactivity, potential of microencapsulation, cereal by products, influence of starch modification on functional food products, and capability of utilizing cereal by products in functional food industry.

scholarly journals How to tackle the growing problem of type 2 diabetes in the European Union?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N M Mahrouseh ◽  
D W Njuguna ◽  
O A Varga
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
European Union ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background There is an alerting increase in the population affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the European Union (EU) with significant socioeconomic burden. According to an estimation by the International Diabetes Federation, by 2030, the total number of diabetic patients will be 38 million in EU. The “screen and treat” strategies that predominantly applied in policies to prevent T2DM have not achieved significant success, as reported by a large systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2017. Although the member states of the EU have almost full responsibilities for actions in the field of health, the EU has to tackle non-communicable diseases by targeting health determinants and lifestyle mostly through non-binding policies. The goal of this work is to review the T2DM prevention policies in the EU and compare with tobacco policies, from a legal perspective. Methods Following the systematic search and screening of policies from EUR-lex, a content analysis was carried out by using MonQcle as publicly available legal text document analysis platform, by two coders. The search was limited for regulations, directives and white papers. Results Our data collection consisted of 19 documents including 10 regulations, 6 directives and 3 white papers with relevance to T2DM, covering the following topics: health infrastructure and services, informational policies, economic policies, environmental policies, command and control and social policies. The identified policies covered the time frame of 1972 to 2020. Diabetes was targeted as part of non-communicable diseases. None of the policies was legally binding addressing T2DM directly which is in sharp contrast to the tobacco control policies in the EU. Conclusions T2DM, in fact, is largely preventable. EU institutions should consider to reframe T2DM prevention strategies and consider applying a wide range of population-level legislative and innovative actions to prevent T2DM e.g. taxes on unhealthy food products. Key messages T2DM is a largely preventable disease, effective legal tools should be created and applied matching the scale of such public health problem. T2DM policies of the EU may be subject to change due to additional value of actions taken by the EU compared to that could have been achieved by member states alone.

Association of Pro-inflammatory Diet With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension; Results From RaNCD Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Arbabi Jam ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Behroz Hamze ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background: Dietary factors and inflammation are associated with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a developed validated assessment tool. This study was conducted to assessed association of DII with the hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was performed on 9,811 participants of 35 to 65 years of the base-line phase data of Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study. The DII was calculated using 31 parameters food of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The estimates were performed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.Results: The mean DII scores in healthy participants was -2.32± 1.60, in participant with T2DM, hypertension and both were -2.23± 1.59, -2.45± 1.60 and -2.25± 1.60, respectively (P= 0.011). Pre-inflammatory diet was significantly higher in male compared to female (P<0.001). In the most pro-inflammatory diet was significantly higher BMI (body mass index), triglyceride, energy intake, smokers; and was significantly lower socio-economic status (SES), physical activity and HDL-C compared to the most anti-inflammatory diet. Participants with T2DM, hypertension and comorbidity had a significantly higher mean of anthropometry indices (P<0.001) and lipid profile compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and physical activity, the odds of T2DM in the fourth quartile of DII was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.85) times higher compared to the first quartile of DII. Conclusions: Pro-inflammatory diet was weak associations with hypertension. Pro-inflammatory diet was significant associations with increasing T2DM and its related risk factors. Modification of diet and lifestyle is suggested to reduce inflammation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fatty Acids Profile as a Useful Tool towards Valorization of By-Products of Agri-Food Industry

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2867
Author(s):  
Rui Ferreira ◽  
Sílvia Lourenço ◽  
André Lopes ◽  
Carlos Andrade ◽  
José S. Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
By Products

Worldwide, the food industry generates a large number of by-products from a wide variety of sources. These by-products represent an interesting and economical source of added value components with potential functionalities and/or bioactivities, which might be explored for industrial purposes, encouraging and promoting the circular economy concept. In this context, the current work aimed to evaluate the fatty acids (FAs) profile using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), as well as the determination of related health lipid indices (e.g., atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI)) as a powerful strategy to investigate the potential applications of different agri-food by-products for human nutrition and animal feeding. This work results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the predominant group in grape pomace (72.7%), grape bunches (54.3%), and brewer’s spent grain (BSG, 59.0%), whereas carrot peels are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs, 47.3%), and grape stems (46.2%), lees (from 50.8 to 74.1%), and potato peels (77.2%) by saturated fatty acids (SFAs). These findings represent a scientific basis for exploring the nutritional properties of agri-food by-products. Special attention should be given to grape pomace, grape bunches, and BSG since they have a high content of PUFAs (from 54.3 to 72.7%) and lower AI (from 0.11 to 0.38) and TI (from 0.30 to 0.56) indexes, suggesting their potential to provide a variety of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases including well-established hypotriglyceridemia and anti-inflammatory effects, products to which they are added.

scholarly journals Antioxidants of Natural Plant Origins: From Sources to Food Industry Applications

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia C. Lourenço ◽  
Margarida Moldão-Martins ◽  
Vítor D. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
By Products

In recent years, great interest has been focused on using natural antioxidants in food products, due to studies indicating possible adverse effects that may be related to the consumption of synthetic antioxidants. A variety of plant materials are known to be natural sources of antioxidants, such as herbs, spices, seeds, fruits and vegetables. The interest in these natural components is not only due to their biological value, but also to their economic impact, as most of them may be extracted from food by-products and under-exploited plant species. This article provides an overview of current knowledge on natural antioxidants: their sources, extraction methods and stabilization processes. In addition, recent studies on their applications in the food industry are also addressed; namely, as preservatives in different food products and in active films for packaging purposes and edible coatings.

scholarly journals Rising prevalence of diabetes: evidence from the national registry in North Macedonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stamenova ◽  
G Stevanovski ◽  
M Spasovski
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background Disease reporting and data collection are key tools for the health care systems in order to identify opportunities to address burden of diseases. The country’s diabetes patients register was the first registry to be integrated with the e-health system in North Macedonia in 2017. We aimed to estimate type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence and effectiveness of diabetes control as one of the proposed national priorities in tackling the non-communicable diseases. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients entered in the National Diabetes Register in 2017/2018. Patients’ socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics in association with diabetes’ complications and outcomes were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient (P &lt; 0.0001, 95% CI). Results This study identified a total of 35541 patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, out of which 32888 with type 2. This corresponds to a prevalence rate of 1583.9 per 100,000 population. The prevalence increased with age (65+) and was higher among females than males (56.8% vs. 43.2%). Over 80% of type 2 patients were overweight out of which 34.5% obese (BMI&gt;30kg/m2). Diabetic retinopathy is reported as first diagnosed complication in diabetic patients, followed by neuropathies and vascular complications. Patient’s low level of education and higher BMI were associated with increased number of early and late-onset complications. Conclusions Evidence accumulating suggests high burden of complications in type 2 diabetic patients, indicating that the patients understanding of diabetes care, treatment adherence and healthy lifestyle are important topics to be address by health professionals in order to avoid complications and premature deaths in people with diabetes. Key messages Integrated reporting of non-communicable diseases and risk factors is needed to complete current information gaps, from completeness of data to quality and comparability. The action plan for chronic diseases should specifically address diabetes control, as most of the patients with diabetes have high prevalence of comorbidities, complications and unfortunate outcomes.

Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae): First Report on Black Sesame (Sesamum indicum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eridiane da Silva Moura ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Lêda Rita D'antonino Faroni ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes Heleno ◽  
Carlos Federico Wilcken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
First Report ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT Insect pests may make food products and by-products unfit for human consumption. This study reports the occurrence of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) in packaged seeds of black Sesamum indicum. An intact plastic pot of S. indicum seeds was purchased by a consumer in a supermarket in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in April 2014 and was kept at his home for 3 months. Two hundred adults of this insect (196 dead and 4 alive) were counted in the pot with the seeds, besides three live larvae. This insect fed on S. indicum seeds, making them unfit for consumption. L. serricorne feed on and reproduce in S. indicum seeds stored in plastic packaging.

Production of mealworms for human consumption in Finland: a preliminary life cycle assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Joensuu ◽  
F. Silvenius
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Emission Energy ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
By Products

Interest in insect production for human consumption is growing in many European countries, including Finland. One of the main justifications for insect-based food products is their lower environmental burden compared to traditional livestock products; another is the need for new protein sources for animal feed and human consumption. In this study, we investigated the global warming potential (GWP) of the potential future industrial scale mealworm production in Finland, using existing data on input needs of mealworm production in the Netherlands and previous life cycle assessment studies of Finnish feedstocks and energy sources. We compared three scenarios, of which one was based on feeding with a commercial feeding mixture, the second on feeding with food industry by-products and the third on the use of low-emission energy sources in combination with feeding with food industry by-products. In all three scenarios, feed crop production and direct heating energy were responsible for at least 95% of the total GWP. Especially the use of low-emission energy sources appears to have potential in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of insect production.

scholarly journals Novel functional food for prevention of non-communicable diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
V. V. Bati ◽  
◽  
N. V. Boyko ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Vitamin status of patients with certain chronic non-communicable diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Khaider Kh. Sharafetdinov ◽  
Vera M. Kodentsova ◽  
Oksana A. Vrzhesinskaya ◽  
Olga V. Kosheleva ◽  
Nina A. Beketova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Single Person ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Effective Doses

Background. Inadequate supply with vitamins is a risk factor for the development of many nutritionally-related diseases and their progression. Data on the actual vitamin status of patients are necessary to develop measures for its improvement. Aim. To characterize the supply of persons with non-communicable diseases with vitamins A, E, C, B2 and -carotene by determining their level in the blood of patients. Material and methods. The blood serum level of vitamins C, A, E, B2 and -carotene in 138 patients (41 men and 97 women) 2280 years old with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, gastrointestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), osteoarthrosis has been determined. Results. Vitamin C concentration corresponded to adequate status in approximately 2/3 of the examined patients; among patients with T2DM, such sufficiency occurred 1.61.9 fold less often than in other groups. The frequency of reduced levels of vitamins C, A and E was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The -/-tocopherol ratio in the serum of patients in all groups was close to 1:50, while in patients with gastrointestinal diseases reached 1:60.7. The proportion of patients sufficiently supplied with all studied vitamins ranged from 15.8 to 70.0%. Patients with osteoarthrosis were best of all provided with all vitamins: multiple (3 or more vitamins) vitamin deficiency was not found. In other groups of patients, multiple vitamin deficiency occurred in 5.327.6% of the examined (an average of 16.4%). Among patients with gastrointestinal diseases there was not a single person sufficiently provided with all the studied vitamins. Multiple vitamin deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal diseases was detected more often (p 0.01) compared with patients with T2DM and osteoarthrosis. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, it is possible to extrapolate that a significant proportion of patients with a combined deficiency of 2 vitamins (6.931.6% in the samples examined) will move into the category of persons with a simultaneous deficiency of 3 vitamins. Conclusion. The purposeful development of supplements containing effective doses of vitamins for various nosologies is necessary.

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