scholarly journals Evaluation of the Binding Properties of a Polymer Obtained from Modification of Triticum aestivum Starch in Metronidazole Tablets Formulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Nkemakolam Nwachukwu ◽  
Kenneth Chinedu Ugoeze ◽  
Azuka Ijoma Alumona
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
United States Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Better Than

Aim: The binding properties of a polymer obtained from modification of Triticum aestivum (TA) starch in metronidazole tablets formulation were evaluated. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria from January to July, 2018. Methods: TA seeds were steeped for 72 h, wet milled and the native Triticum aestivum starch (NTS) extracted. NTS (1kg) was oxidized by slurring in 4 L of 3.50% w/v sodium hypochlorite, washed to neutral pH with 95% v/v ethanol (MTS). MTS was dried at 60°C for 3 h, milled and classified (250 μm). The starches were characterized using standard methods and applied as binders at 1, 2 and 3% w/w in formulating metronidazole tablets using wet granulation. Methylcellulose and gelatin at similar concentrations were used as standards. Results: The granules and tablets were evaluated using standard methods. NTS and MTS had similar properties with starch. The modification improved the densities, hydration capacity and flow properties of MTS. The granules flowed and compressed well. The tablets had minimal weight variation, hardness (≥ 4 kgF), friability (<1%) and disintegration (<15 min). Metronidazole release (≥ 85%) within 60 min existed in all the batches except batches containing 1% methylcellulose and 3% gelatine. Conclusion: The results met with United States Pharmacopoeia specifications for oral uncoated metronidazole tablets. MTS performed better than NTS and compared well with methylcellulose and gelatin as binder in metronidazole tablet formulation.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Flow and Release Profiles of Ibuprofen Formulations by Increasing the Binder Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
B.B. Mohammed ◽  
E.J. John ◽  
G.T. Abdulsalam ◽  
K.P. Bahago
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Tablet Dissolution ◽  
Tablet Formulations ◽  
Release Profiles

Background: Tablets must be able to release the active drug in the gastrointestinal tract for absorption. The release profile of solid pharmaceutical dosage formulations can be quantified by assessing the disintegration and dissolution times tests. Binders are adhesives either from sugar or polymeric material that are added to tablet formulations to provide the cohesiveness required for the bonding together of the granules under compaction to form tablets.Objective: The objective of the study was to formulate and assess ibuprofen tablets using different concentrations of binders (Acacia and Gelatin).Methods: The granules were prepared using wet granulation method and analysed for flow properties based on USP/NF protocols. After granule compression, the tablets release profiles were thereafter assessed via the tablet dissolution and disintegration tests.Results: Weight variation, thickness and diameter were within the acceptable values for all batches indicative of a uniform flow. Batches with binder concentrations of 10 % and 20 % failed disintegration test due to a disintegration time above 15 min while the release rate for batches 1 and 4 was about 88 % in 60 min as against the other batches whose release rate was less than 50 % in 60 min as a result of increasing their binder concentrations.Conclusion: The study concluded that increasing the concentration of acacia and gelatin above 5% led to a decrease in percentage of drug released and an increase in disintegration time above 30 mins because 5% batches gave the best release profiles.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Some Brands of Fluconazole Capsules Marketed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Nkemakolam ◽  
Ugoeze Kenneth C ◽  
Kennedy Emeka Oluigbo
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
United States Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Visual Assessments

Objectives: A routine in vitro pharmacopeial quality assessment of five brands of fluconazole capsules with label claims of 50.0 mg marketed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain their consistencies. Methods: The brands were procured from various pharmacies in Port Harcourt and coded Fluco-A, Fluco-B, Fluco-C, Fluco-D and Fluco-E. Visual assessments of the samples were carried out besides in vitro quality considerations such as identification of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), capsules uniformity of weight, disintegration, an assay of the total content of fluconazole and dissolution studies. Results: Each brand contained fluconazole with relevant product packet information uncompromisingly conspicuous.The label claims for fluconazole contents were satisfactory. The weight variation of the capsulesacross the brands were between 170.25 mg ± 2.25% -333.14 mg ± 1.50 %. Each brand disintegrated within 10 min. Total drug content was within 88.43 ± 0.12% to 102.96 ± 0.53 %.Above 80.0% of fluconazole was released within 30.0 min in the release studies of the respective brands. Conclusion: The results obtained for the capsules uniformity of weight, disintegration time, the total content of the API and the drug release profiles were within acceptable limits of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP).  

Influence of Formulation Variables and Processing Techniques on Drug Release from Carbopol-971 based Matrix Tablets of Cinnarizine and Nimodipine.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh K. ◽  
Pandit K. ◽  
Mishra N.
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Formulation Variables

The matrix tablets of cinnarizine and nimodipine were prepared with varying ratio of Carbopol- 971P and co-excipients of varying hydrophilicity (i.e. dicalcium phosphate and spray dried lactose) by direct compression and wet granulation using alcoholic mucilage. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness and friability. The influence of concentration of the matrix forming material and co-excipients on the release rate of the drug was studied. The release rate of Cinnarizine (more soluble drug) from tablets followed diffusion controlled mechanism whereas for nimodipine (less soluble drug), the drug release followed case-II or super case- II transport mechanism based on Korsmeyer- Peppas equation. The results indicated that the drug release from matrix tablets was increases with increase in hydrophilicity of drug and co-excipients. The release of drug also increased with thermal treatment and decreasing polymer concentration.

Some Physicochemical Parameters of Wastewater from an Oil Industry at Point of Discharge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. A. F Wokoma ◽  
◽  
O. S Edori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Wastewater samples were collected from an oil industry at the point of discharge for a period of two years, from January 2018 – December 2019. The wastewater samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, total hydrocarbon content (THC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to examine their conformity to fulfill requirements as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and Drinking Water Association (DWA). The results indicated that all the parameters in the discharged wastewater were within acceptable limits of the regulatory bodies. The field data showed that the investigated firm conformed to the law by carrying out proper procedures before discharging the effluents into the public drain and river. Therefore, the release of wastewater from the industry doesn't constitute a danger to the environment as well as aquatic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical parameter, wastewater discharge, oil industry, environment, contaminants

A Comparative Study of Matrix Tablets Designed by Different Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3645-3652
Author(s):  
Tulsi Bisht ◽  
Rishishwar Poonam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

The aim of present work was to develop once daily sustained release matrix tablet of aceclofenac by wet granulation technique using natural gums i.e.: gum acacia, guar gum and Xanthan gum. In this present study matrix tablets were prepared using three different methods and a comparative study was done. Aceclofenac sodium being the newer derivative of diclofenac having short biological half life (4hrs.), so it requires more than one dose per day to maintain therapeutic dose. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, swelling index, friability, percent drug release and various release profile like zero order, first order, Higuchi's, and Koshemeyrs-peppa. All the evaluation parameters met pharmacopoeial specifications and through dissolution studies it was matrix tablets prepared with method 2 shows heighest percent drug release and matrix tablet prepared by method 3 showed lowest percent drug release at the end of 8 hrs. (Shown in fig. 8, comparative release study of all three formulations). Matrix tablet of aceclofenac were successfully prepared and evaluated and it can be concluded that matrix tablet prepared with natural gums showed release rate for a prolonged time and can be of great importance for “once daily” tablet to reduce side effects and toxicity related with NSAIDs.  

Formulation and Evaluation of Atenolol and Indapamide SR Matrix Tablets for Treatment of Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2450-2458
Author(s):  
Sarika Pundir ◽  
Ashutosh Badola
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Release Agent ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation

In the present study we have formulated (F1 to F6) matrix tablets of atenolol and indapamide for the management of hypertension. As in simultaneous estimation of these drugs it was found that a confined release can be formulated. In the formulation of SR matrix tablet by using different concentration of delayed release agent DCP and pregelatinized starch as disintegrant we prepared tablets by wet granulation method. For sustained release action HPMC polymers were used for film coating. Preformulation studies were performed prior to compression. The compressed SR matrix tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus type 2 (paddle). It was found that the optimized formulation showed 49.33%, 48.90%, 48.52%, 47.65%, 46.84% and 46.51% release for atenolol in 12 hours respectively. However, indapamide released 49.62%, 49.39%, 48.72%, 48.27%, 47.59% and 47.36% at the end of 12 hr. The IR spectrum study revealed that there is no disturbance in the principal peaks of pure drugs atenolol and indapamide. This confirms the integrity of pure drugs and no incompatibility of them with excipients. The stability studies were carried out for the optimized batch for one months and it showed satisfactory results. The kinetic studies of the formulations revealed that diffusion is the predominant mechanism of drug and release follows Zero-order, Super case II transport.

Impacts of Organic Wastes on Plankton Population of Woji Creek, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01-02 & Sp1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utibe I. Daniel ◽  
◽  
Christiana C. Duru ◽  
Obemeata Oriakpono ◽  
M.O.E. Iwuala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Plankton Population

Preparation of Tablet from Naagdon Plant by Wet Granulation Method for Treatment of Excessive Bleeding in Piles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1654-1665
Author(s):  
Sushma Kamble
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

Abstract: The objective of present study was to formulate and evaluate the tablets for piles with different combination of herbal drugs. Material and Method: The tablet for piles containing lactose and mannitol as diluent and containing natural drugs like naagdon which was prepared by wet granulation method. The wet and compressed formulations were subject to several evaluation parameters like appearance, thickness, weight variation, hardness and friability. Results: The results of all evaluation parameters of piles tablet were within the acceptable limit. Pre-compression studies of piles tablet show satisfactory results. The thickness, hardness, weight variation, and friability of pilestablet were found to in acceptable range. The in-vitro drug release of eugenol from optimised for treatment piles formulation was found to be 90.23%. Significant results were obtained from present study. Discussion: The finding of current investigation clearly found that the health promotion of the body could be done by piles

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