Optimization of Polyphenols and Carotenoids Extraction from Leaves of Cassia auriculata for Natural Health Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
K. D. P. P. Gunathilake ◽  
K. K. D. S. Ranaweera ◽  
H. P. V. Rupasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Cassia Auriculata ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Response Variables

Aims: C. auriculata leaves contains polyphenols and carotenoids and also it posses various antioxidant activities towards free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing potential. The present study investigated the optimization of polyphenols and carotenoids extraction from Cassia auriculata leaves by response surface methodology (RSM). Study Design: A three-factor, three-levels central composite design (CCD) was performed to determine the effect of solvent concentration (30-100%), extraction temperature (30-60°C) and extraction time (30-90 min) to obtain the best extraction parameters. Place and Duration of Study: Fresh C. auriculata leaves were collected from home gardens in Makandura area of Sri Lanka and the experiments were conducted at the Department of Food Science and Technology of Wayamba University of Sri Lanka between June 2016 and August 2016. Methodology: Total polyphenol and carotenoid contents of the ethanolic extracts of the C. auriculata leaves were determined. Total polyphenols and carotenoids content in the extracts were used as the response variables.  According to the design used, twenty randomized experiments including six replicates as the center points were assigned based on the combinations of extraction variables used CCD and the values of independent process variables considered, as well as response variables. The optimal value of these factors was determined suing response surface methodology. Predicted values were compared with experimental values. Results: The optimum extraction conditions for phenolics and carotenoids were 45.4% ethanol; 19.8°C; 110.5 min and 100% ethanol; 70.2°C; 9.5 min respectively. The optimal predicted contents for total polyphenols and carotenoids were 13.08 mg GAE/g-DW and 17.31 mg/g-DW respectively. Validation experiments results had good agreement with the predicted responses by RSM. Conclusion: Ethanol concentration was the most significant factor affecting on total polyphenols and carotenoids extraction. Extraction temperatures and time did not significantly influence on carotenoids and polyphenols extraction from leaves of C. auriculata.  The estimated optimum extraction conditions; were established and they were very close to the experimental values. These parameters can be used as the guidelines for scale-up extraction of bioactives from the leaves of C. auriculata.

scholarly journals Effects of Time, Temperature, and Solvent Ratio on the Extraction of Non-Extractable Polyphenols with Anticancer Activity of Barhi Date Palm Kernels Extracts Using Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa Mahmud ◽  
Mohamed E. S. Mirghani ◽  
Faridah Yusof ◽  
Ma'an Al-khatib
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Experimental Values

Dietary polyphenols exist in two forms; extractable polyphenols (EPP) or compounds solubilised by aqueous/organic solvents, and non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) or compounds remain in the corresponding residues after the extraction. At present, most researchers focus on EEP fractions, while NEPP is neglected. Thus, this study aimed to release NEPP from the remaining powder residue of Barhi date palm kernels (BDPK) with acid hydrolysis. The related extraction conditions were determined and optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) for maximisation of NEPP with highest cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The face-centred central composite design (FCCCD) was used to establish treatments based on three independent variables, namely; extraction temperature, time, and solvent/sample ratio. Under the optimal conditions, the experimental values for DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of NEPP (IC50=57.52µg/mL), and cytotoxicity of NEPP against A549 and HT29 cells were IC50=17.4 µg/mL and 31.4µg/mL, respectively. The experimental values were in agreement with those predicted by RSM models, confirming the suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM for optimisation of the extraction conditions for NEPP from BDPK. These results indicate that NEPP from industrial date fruit waste could be a promising candidate as natural antioxidants with significant antiproliferation effect against A549 and HT29 cancer cells in-vitro.

scholarly journals Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology On Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidants Properties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurul Ain Mohamed Mahzir ◽  
Siti Salwa Abdul Gani ◽  
Nor Fadzillah Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

In this study, the optimal condition for the extraction of antioxidants from the fruit Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) was determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization was applied using central composite design (CCD) to investigate the three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (oC), extraction time (minutes) and extraction solvent to-feed ratio (%v/v) on the responses of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric ion reducing power assay (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC).The optimal conditions for the antioxidants extraction were found to be extraction temperature (64oC), extraction time (66 minutes) and solvent to-feed ratio (75 %v/v) with the highest percentage yield of DPPH, FRAP, TPC and TFC were 86.85%, 7.47%, 292.86 mg/g and 3.22 mg/g respectively. Moreover, the data were subjected to response surface methodology (RSM) and the results showed that the polynomial equations for all models were significant, did not show lack of fit, and presented adjusted determination coefficients (R2) above 99%, proving the yield of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidants activities obtained experimentally were close to the predicted values and the suitability of the model employed in RSM to optimize the extraction conditions. Hence, in this study, the fruit from P.macrocarpa could be considered to have the strong antioxidant ability and can be used in various cosmeceutical or medicinal applications.

scholarly journals Optimum Parameters for Extracting Three Kinds of Carotenoids from Pepper Leaves by Response Surface Methodology

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Nenghui Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Dongxia Ding ◽  
Jianming Xie ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Pepper Leaves ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Weak Light ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Optimum Extraction

To determine the optimum parameters for extracting three carotenoids including zeaxanthin, lutein epoxide, and violaxanthin from pepper leaves by response surface methodology (RSM), a solvent of acetone and ethyl acetate (1:2) was used to extract carotenoids with four independent factors: ultrasound time (20–60 min); ratio of sample to solvent (1:12–1:4); saponification time (10–50 min); and concentration of saponification solution (KOH–methanol) (10–30%). A second-order polynomial model produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to zeaxanthin (R2 = 75.95%, p < 0.0197), lutein epoxide (R2 = 90.24%, p < 0.0001), and violaxanthin (R2 = 73.84%, p < 0.0809) content. The optimum joint extraction conditions of zeaxanthin, lutein epoxide, and violaxanthin were 40 min, 1:8, 32 min, and 20%, respectively. The optimal predicted contents for zeaxanthin (0.823022 µg/g DW), lutein epoxide (4.03684 µg/g dry; DW—dry weight), and violaxanthin (16.1972 µg/g DW) in extraction had little difference with the actual experimental values obtained under the optimum extraction conditions for each response: zeaxanthin (0.8118 µg/g DW), lutein epoxide (3.9497 µg/g DW), and violaxanthin (16.1590 µg/g DW), which provides a theoretical basis and method for cultivating new varieties at low temperatures and weak light resistance.

scholarly journals Optimization of aqueous extraction conditions for bioactive compounds from fresh Pouzolzia zeylanica plant using response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Tan D. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Experimental Values

Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from fresh Pouzolzia zeylanica plant using hot water as a solvent. A central composite design (CCD) in form (23+star) was used to investigate the effects of two independent variables, namely, extraction temperature (70 to 90oC) and extraction time (20 to 40 min). The dependent variables were the content of anthocyanin, flavonoid, polyphenol, tannin and total soluble solids of extracted solution. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the response. The results showed that the optimal extraction process was obtained at 84.4oC for 31.7 min. The experimental values agreed with predicted within a 95% confidence interval. Consequently, the contents of anthocyanin, flavonoid, polyphenol and tannin were 38.66 mgCE/100 g, 3.01 mgQE/g, 5.17 mgGAE/g, 4.07 mgTAE/g fresh weight, and total soluble solids content was 0.73%, respectively.

Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids Antioxidants from Cordyceps militaris Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai-Juan Wang ◽  
Qing-Song Yang ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Xiang-Dong Qin ◽  
Jun-Rong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction

Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the extraction conditions of carotenoid antioxidants from Cordyceps militaris. An enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) method was developed and optimized to enhance 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity of carotenoid antioxidants from C. militaris. The optimum conditions were as follows: a pH of 4.1, an extraction time of 40.4 min, an extraction temperature of 48.7 °C and 0.43 % enzyme (cellulose: pectinase, 1:1, w/w) concentration. Under these conditions, the DDPH radical-scavenging activity of C. militaris extracts was 81.62±2.26 %, indicating that the BBD is an efficient approach to develop mathematical models for predictingcarotenoids antioxidant extraction from C. militaris. The successful extraction of carotenoid antioxidants from C. militaris provides a basis for the development and utilization of C. militaris resources.

scholarly journals Optimization of Vacuum Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Pomegranate Fruits Peels by the Evaluation of Extracts’ Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Prodromos Skenderidis ◽  
Stefanos Leontopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Petrotos ◽  
Ioannis Giavasis
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Vacuum Microwave

The global interest in the use of plant by-product extracts as functional ingredients is continuously rising due to environmental, financial and health benefits. The latest advances in extraction technology have led to the production of aqueous extracts with high bioactive properties, which do not require the use of organic solvents. The purpose of this study was to optimize the conditions applied for the extraction of pomegranate peels (PP) via a “green” industrial type of vacuum microwave-assisted aqueous extraction (VMAAE), by assessing the potential bioactivity of the extracts (in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant activity), using a response surface methodology. The extraction conditions of temperature, microwave power, time and water/PP ratio were determined by the response surface methodology, in order to yield extracts with optimal total phenolics concentrations (TPC) and high antioxidant activity, based on the IC50 value of the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) radical. The values of the optimum extraction parameters, such as extraction temperature (61.48 and 79.158 °C), time (10 and 12.17 min), microwave power (3797.24 and 3576.47 W) and ratio of water to raw material (39.92% and 38.2%), were estimated statistically for the two responses (TPC and IC50 values), respectively. Under these optimal extraction conditions, PP extracts with high TPC ((5.542 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g fresh PP))/min and radical scavenging activity (100 mg/L (1.6 L/min)) could be obtained. Our results highlighted that the optimized industrial type of VMAAE could be a promising solution for the valorization of the PP by-products.

scholarly journals Optimization of DHEA Extraction from Sweet Potato Pomace by Ultrasonic-Microwave Synergistic Employing Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 680-682
Author(s):  
Junjian Ran ◽  
Xinhong Liang ◽  
Hanmei Du ◽  
Junliang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Optimum Extraction

Abstract Background: A lot of sweet potato residues (SPR) were discarded and wasted. Objective: To make full use of the SPR. Methods: Ultrasonic microwave synergistic (UMS) extraction method was used to extractdehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in SPR. The extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology based on single factors. Results: The optimum extraction conditions were 1:25 (solid–liquid ratio), 300 W (microwave power), 30 min (extraction time), and 30°C (extraction temperature). The extraction yield of DHEA from SPR reached 117.25 μg/100 g. Conclusions: The advantage of UMS extractiontechnology is to make full use of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and microwave to improve extraction efficiency. Highlights: The technology provides an effective way to improve the DHEA extraction yield from the SPR in industrial production.

scholarly journals Optimization of Reflux Conditions for Total Flavonoid and Total Phenolic Extraction and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity in Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb.) Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Hawa Z. E. Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Central Composite Experimental Design ◽  
Operation Parameters ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values

Response surface methodology was applied to optimization of the conditions for reflux extraction of Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb.) in order to achieve a high content of total flavonoids (TF), total phenolics (TP), and high antioxidant capacity (AC) in the extracts. Central composite experimental design with three factors and three levels was employed to consider the effects of the operation parameters, including the methanol concentration (MC, 40%–80%), extraction temperature (ET, 40–70°C), and liquid-to-solid ratio (LS ratio, 20–40 mL/g) on the properties of the extracts. Response surface plots showed that increasing these operation parameters induced the responses significantly. The TF content and AC could be maximized when the extraction conditions (MC, ET, and LS ratio) were 78.8%, 69.5°C, and 32.4 mL/g, respectively, whereas the TP content was optimal when these variables were 75.1%, 70°C, and 31.8 mL/g, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the experimental TF and TP content and AC were 1.78, 6.601 mg/g DW, and 87.38%, respectively. The optimized model was validated by a comparison of the predicted and experimental values. The experimental values were found to be in agreement with the predicted values, indicating the suitability of the model for optimizing the conditions for the reflux extraction of Pandan.

scholarly journals Optimization of extraction technology of polysaccharide from foxtail millet using response surface methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Shi Zhu ◽  
Jin-Na Ye ◽  
Fei-Na Yan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The experiment of extraction of polysaccharide from foxtail millet was investigated. Response Surface Methodology (RSM),based on a threelevel, three variablesBox-Behnken design (BBD), was employed to obtain the best possible combination of liquid-solid ratio(X1: 15.0-25.0 mL?g-1),extraction time (X2: 1.5-2.5h), and extraction temperature (X3: 65.0-75.0?C)for maximum polysaccharide yields. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed by appropriate statistical methods (ANOVA). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: liquid-solid ratio 20.7mL?g-1, extraction time 2.0h, extraction temperature 72.3?C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 8.08mg?g-1, which is well in close agreement with8.02mg?g-1predicted value by the model.

scholarly journals Process Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Arabinogalactan from Dihydroquercetin Extracted Residues by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaizhi Liu ◽  
Chunhui Ma ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yuangang Zu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Optimal Extraction Condition

Ultrasound was used for the extraction of larch arabinogalactan fromLarix gmelinii. The optimal conditions for ultrasound extraction were determined by response surface methodology. Specifically, the Box-Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of three independent variables: ultrasound time, temperature, and liquid-solid ratio. The highest arabinogalactan yield (11.18%) was obtained under the optimal extraction condition (extraction temperature 41.5°C, extraction time 24.3 min, and liquid-solid ratio 40 mL/g). In addition, the antioxidant activity of arabinogalactan that was extracted from dihydroquercetin extraction residues exhibited a moderate and concentration-dependent hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity, ferric-reducing power, and reducing power. The wood material was characterized before and after processing by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

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