scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance Characteristics of Serum Chemistry in the Detection of Cysticercus fasciolaris in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard Kabuusu ◽  
Keshaw Tiwari ◽  
Josephine Tang ◽  
Ruth Alexander ◽  
Ravindra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Cysticercus Fasciolaris

scholarly journals Cysticercus fasciolaris in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Grenada, West Indies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Sharma ◽  
Keshaw Tiwari ◽  
Kristen Birmingham ◽  
Elan Armstrong ◽  
Andrea Montanez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
Single Larva

Cat is the definitive host of Taenia taeniaeformis (T. taeniaeformis). Cysticercus fasciolaris (C. fasciolaris), the larval stage of T. taeniaeformis, develops in small rodents which act as intermediate host. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of C. fasciolaris in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the densely human populated parishes, St. George’s and St. David’s of Grenada, West Indies. One hundred and seventy rats were trapped near the residential areas from May to July, 2017 and examined for C. fasciolaris in their liver. Of the 170 rats 115 (67.6%, CI 95% from 60.1 to 74.6) were positive for the larval stage of T. taeniaeformis. One to three cysts were observed in each liver, containing a single larva in each cyst. The prevalence was 77.9% in St. George and 59.1% in St. David which is a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two parishes under study. Based on gender, prevalence in males was 60.9% and females 74.7%. Significant difference was observed between young and adult rats (p=0.03). Prevalence in young rats was 45.0% compared to adults (70.7%). Further study of risk assessment in the cat population in areas of the present research is strongly suggested.

Diagnostic performance characteristics of a rapid field test for anthrax in cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Muller ◽  
Jacek Gwozdz ◽  
Rachel Hodgeman ◽  
Catherine Ainsworth ◽  
Patrick Kluver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Performance Characteristics

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance Characteristics of a One-Step Urine Malaria Test (UMT) against Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) in Febrile Patients from Fako Division, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nforbugwe Achu Che Awah ◽  
Rengerline Bihnwi Nchotu ◽  
Agnes Djema Bongah ◽  
Jules Clement Nguedia Assob
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Malaria Test

Abstract Background : Presently, all malaria diagnostic methods like: microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) are invasive as they depend on blood samples for malaria diagnosis. Hence this study was aimed at comparing the diagnostic performance characteristics of the novel Urine Malaria Test (UMT) to the currently used Blood RDT, and to find out the efficacy of this UMT in detecting low parasitaemia in the study population. Methodology : A cross sectional study involving 200 febrile participants, with no signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and kidney diseases, no history of hematuria, >15/µl leucocytes and urobilinogens of > 1 mg/dl in their urine, were recruited from the month of April to August 2017 in the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals. The main samples requested for analyses were urine and blood. Results : Using the blood smear microscopy as standard, out of the 200 participants, 93 (46.5%) were positive for P . malaria. UMT had a sensitivity and specificity of 82.41% and 83.48 while that of RDT was 84.09% and 83.03 respectively falciparum (CI: 72.80 to 92.05%, Kappa 0.665, p =0.001). The UMT had a lowest limit of detection of 140 parasites/μl which was similar to RDT. The PPV and NPV of UMT and RDT were (81.74% and 85.98%) and (80.04% and 87.28%), respectively. There was a close agreement between the RDT and UMT when compared to microscopy (83.5% and 83.0% respectively). Conclusion : The UMT kit that was evaluated in comparison to the blood based RDT, showed a lot of similarities using the blood smear microscopy as gold standard. Hence, it can be recommended for the prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria in febrile patients.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the diagnostic performance characteristics of the Yellow Fever IgM immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test kit from SD Biosensor in Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262312
Author(s):  
Lawrence Henry Ofosu-Appiah ◽  
Dodzi Kofi Amelor ◽  
Bright Ayensu ◽  
Ernest Akyereko ◽  
Nafisah Issah Rabiwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Test Kit

Yellow fever is endemic in Ghana and outbreaks occur periodically. The prodromal signs due to Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) infection are non-specific, making clinical signs unreliable as the sole criteria for diagnosis. Accurate laboratory confirmation of suspected yellow fever cases is therefore vital in surveillance programs. Reporting of ELISA IgM testing results by laboratories can delay due to late arrival of samples from the collection sites as well as limited availability of ELISA kits. In this study, the diagnostic performance characteristics of a rapid immunochromatographic Standard Q Yellow Fever IgM test kit (SD Biosensor) was evaluated for the rapid diagnosis of Yellow Fever infection in Ghana. A panel of 275 sera, comprising 81 confirmed YFV positives and 194 negatives were re-tested in this study using the Standard Q Yellow Fever IgM test kit. Using the CDC/WHO Yellow Fever IgM capture ELISA as a benchmark, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the Standard Q Yellow Fever test kit were 96.3%, 97.9% and 97.5%, respectively. The false positivity rate was 5.1% and there was no cross-reactivity when the Standard Q Yellow Fever test kit was tested against dengue, malaria and hepatitis B and C positive samples. In addition, inter-reader variability and invalid rate were both zero. The results indicate that the diagnostic performance of the Standard Q Yellow Fever IgM test kit on serum or plasma is comparable to the serum IgM detection by ELISA and can be used as a point of care rapid diagnostic test kit for YFV infection in endemic areas.

Requisite Analytic and Diagnostic Performance Characteristics for the Clinical Detection of BRAF V600E in Hairy Cell Leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah A. Brown ◽  
Helmut C. Weigelin ◽  
Nathanael Bailey ◽  
Julie Laliberte ◽  
Kojo S. J. Elenitoba-Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Cell Leukemia ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Hairy Cell ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Detection

scholarly journals Accurate Point-of-Care Detection of Ruptured Fetal Membranes: Improved Diagnostic Performance Characteristics with a Monoclonal/Polyclonal Immunoassay

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. CMRH.S38386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Rogers ◽  
Laurie Scott ◽  
Jon E. Block
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Vaginal Secretions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Point Of Care Detection

Objective Accurate and timely diagnosis of rupture of membranes (ROM) is imperative to allow for gestational age-specific interventions. This study compared the diagnostic performance characteristics between two methods used for the detection of ROM as measured in the same patient. Methods Vaginal secretions were evaluated using the conventional fern test as well as a point-of-care monoclonal/polyclonal immunoassay test (ROM Plus®) in 75 pregnant patients who presented to labor and delivery with complaints of leaking amniotic fluid. Both tests were compared to analytical confirmation of ROM using three external laboratory tests. Diagnostic performance characteristics were calculated including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy. Results Diagnostic performance characteristics uniformly favored ROM detection using the immunoassay test compared to the fern test: sensitivity (100% vs. 77.8%), specificity (94.8% vs. 79.3%), PPV (75% vs. 36.8%), NPV (100% vs. 95.8%), and accuracy (95.5% vs. 79.1%). Conclusions The point-of-care immunoassay test provides improved diagnostic accuracy for the detection of ROM compared to fern testing. It has the potential of improving patient management decisions, thereby minimizing serious complications and perinatal morbidity.

Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-enhanced Mammography: Comparison With MRI and Mammography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabahattin Yüzkan ◽  
Duygu Cengiz ◽  
İlhan Hekimsoy ◽  
Özlem Sezgin Okçu ◽  
Ayşenur Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) with MRI and mammography (MG) based on histopathological results. Methods In this IRB-approved study, written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Images from 40 patients (62 lesions) with suspicious findings on US between March 2018 and August 2018 were evaluated. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of CEM, MRI, and MG were evaluated and compared within a 95% confidence interval. Maximum dimensions of lesions were measured and correlations of results were evaluated with Spearman’s Rho test. Results In the histopathological analysis, 66% (41/62) of lesions were malignant and 34% (21/62) lesions were benign. Contrast-enhanced mammography, MRI, and MG had sensitivities of 100% (41/41), 100% (41/41), and 80% (33/41), respectively. The sensitivity of CEM and MRI was significantly better than that of MG (P = 0.03). The NPVs of CEM (100%, 7/7) and MRI (100%, 14/14) were statistically higher than the NPV of MG (60%, 12/20) (P = 0.03). The false-positive rates for CEM, MRI, and MG were 33% (7/21), 66% (14/21), and 42% (9/21), respectively. Contrast-enhanced mammography had a significantly lower false-positive rate than MRI (P &lt; 0.001). Mammography had the highest false-negative rate, missing 19% (8/41) of malignant lesions. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced mammography has similar performance characteristics to MRI and improved performance characteristics relative to MG. In particular, CEM and MRI have similar sensitivity and NPVs and both are superior in each of these metrics to MG.

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