Toward Elicitation of Bioactive Secondary Compounds with Environmentally Sound Plant Treatments: Insight into the Balance between Photosynthetic Primary and Kaempferol Accumulating Secondary Metabolism Using Young Soybean Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
H. H. Ratnayaka ◽  
S. Boue ◽  
T. Dinh ◽  
S. B. Le ◽  
R. Cherubin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽  
You-Cai Xiong ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Reverse Trend ◽  
Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

Evolving Sustainable Green Ship Technology

2013 ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Growth Speed ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Green Ship ◽  
Fish Spawn ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New System

Man lives in two worlds, the biosphere and the techno-sphere. Over the years, time needs, growth, speed, knowledge, and competition have created demand that necessitated man to build complex institutions. Ship design is not left out of this process. Inland waters are under threat from untreated waste that can feed bacteria and algae, which in turn exhaust the oxygen. The ocean, the seas, and fresh water together cover the largest percentage of planet earth. Many think that everything that runs into it is infinite; the ocean is providing the source of freshening winds and current that is far more vulnerable to polluting activities that have run off too many poisons into them. The ocean may cease to serve these purposes if care is not taking to prevent pollution. The issue of the environment has become so sensitive recently and is linked to infrastructure development work. In the maritime industry, polluting activities from oil bilge to ballast pumping has turned into poison and has an adverse effect on water resources. Some have choked too much estuarine water where fish spawn. In a nutshell, the two worlds of man are currently are out of balance and in potential conflict. Man is in the middle, and since the threats are mostly water related, ships are in the middle too. Historical records of a number of calamities that have resulted in heavy loss and pollution call for environmentally sound ships. This has led to a number of regulations that will subsequently affect policy change and procedure interaction with the system. The current situation has an effect on the design of new ships and modification of existing ships. This chapter discuss regulations design, with an emphasis on new system design drive towards processing waste and emissions on board so that discharges are acceptable. The chapter hopes to give insight into need, response, and research directions for green ship technology.

scholarly journals Regulatory Network of Secondary Metabolism in Brassica rapa: Insight into the Glucosinolate Pathway

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunia Pino Del Carpio ◽  
Ram Kumar Basnet ◽  
Danny Arends ◽  
Ke Lin ◽  
Ric C. H. De Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis provides insight into prickle development and its link to defense and secondary metabolism in Solanum viarum Dunal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatrujeet Pandey ◽  
Ridhi Goel ◽  
Archana Bhardwaj ◽  
Mehar H. Asif ◽  
Samir V. Sawant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Solanum Viarum ◽  
Insight Into

Opium poppy: a model system to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis in plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Facchini ◽  
David A. Bird ◽  
Richard Bourgault ◽  
Jillian M. Hagel ◽  
David K. Liscombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Model System ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Alkaloid Biosynthesis ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
The Many

Remarkable progress on the biology of plant secondary metabolism has recently been realized. The application of advanced biochemistry, molecular, cellular, and genomic methodologies has revealed biological paradigms unique to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids. The use of model plant systems has facilitated integrative research on the biosynthesis and regulation of each group of natural products. The model legume, Medicago truncatula Gaertn., plays a key role in studies on phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism. Mint ( Mentha × piperita L.) and various conifers are the systems of choice to investigate terpenoid metabolism, whereas members of the mustard family (Brassica spp.) are central to work on glucosinolate pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. is also used to study the biosynthesis of most secondary compounds, except alkaloids. Unlike other categories of secondary metabolites, the many structural types of alkaloids are biosynthetically unrelated. The biology of each group is unique, although common paradigms are also apparent. Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.) produces a large number of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and has begun to challenge Madigascar periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don), which accumulates monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, as the most versatile model system to study alkaloid metabolism. An overview of recent progress on the biology of plant alkaloid biosynthesis, with a focus on benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathways in opium poppy and related species, highlights the emergence of opium poppy as an important model system to investigate secondary metabolism.

Probing secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2912-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Manipulation ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Metabolic Integration ◽  
Cell To Cell Variability ◽  
Insight Into

In vitro cultured plant cells which still express parts of their secondary metabolism phenotype are versatile experimental systems for studies of biosynthesis and metabolic integration, enzymology, and genome organization. Single cell manipulation can also provide insight into the question of cell-to-cell variability and metabolic competence.

scholarly journals Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Grape Skin Tissue along Grapevine Berry Developmental Stages Reveals Systematic Influences of Root Restriction on Skin Metabolome

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Shuyan Duan ◽  
Yusen Wu ◽  
Ruifeng Fu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yujin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Grapevine Berry ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Insight Into

This research aimed to comparatively evaluate the influences of root restriction (RR) cultivation and traditional cultivation (RC) on grape berry skin metabolomics using a non-targeted metabolomics method. Two-hundred-and-ninety-one metabolites were annotated and the kinetics analyses showed that berry skin metabolome is stage- and cultivation-dependent. Our results showed that RR influences significantly the metabolomes of berry skin tissues, particularly on secondary metabolism, and that this effect is more obvious at pre-veraison stage, which was evidenced by the early and fast metabolic shift from primary to secondary metabolism. Altogether, this study provided an insight into metabolic adaptation of berry skin to RR stress and expanded general understanding of berry development.

scholarly journals Consumption and use of soybean by the caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crislaine Sartori Suzana ◽  
Cálvin Felipe Rosa ◽  
Fabriele da Luz Alves ◽  
José Roberto Salvadori
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT: A deep insight into the population dynamics of a pest can be achieved by being acquainted with its nutritional ecology, which further assists in understanding the damage potential and decisions to control mainly in diversified production systems such as those in Brazil. The present r research aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary regimens, comprising combinations of acessible organs of soybean plants, at different stages of development, consumption, and utilization of food by the 4th, 5th, and 6thlarvae instar of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lep.: Noctuidae). For this purpose, the vegetative and reproductive organs of soybean were brought together in three feeding regimes, followed by making it available to caterpillars. After evaluations, it was found that under laboratory conditions, the development of H. armigera 4th to 6th instar caterpillars was better when they werepurely fed on leaves than on combinations of vegetative and reproductive parts, such as fresh leaves + old leaves + pods at the beginning of grain development, and old leaves + pods at the beginning of grain development +pods with well-developed grain.

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