scholarly journals Design and Engineering Economic Analysis of a Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) and Mini-Split Air Conditioning System

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
A. T. Layeni ◽  
C. N. Nwaokocha ◽  
S. O. Giwa ◽  
M. A. Sulaiman ◽  
K. A. Adedeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Load Estimation ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Present Worth ◽  
Split System ◽  
Net Present Worth

Design and Engineering Economic Analysis of two widely used Air-Conditioning (AC) systems, Mini-Split and Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF), in the new Engineering Complex Building under the same indoor and outdoor conditions for an entire year is carried out by using Carrier Hourly Analysis Program software for cooling load estimation, and the Net Present Worth Analysis for Economic Analysis of both systems. Both systems are direct expansion air conditioning systems; hence the cooling load estimation was done using the ASHRAE transfer function method embedded within the Carrier software. Equipment to be used in analysis were selected from the Toshiba selection catalogues (Mini Split system), while that for the VRF system was selected using Toshiba simulation software. The annual energy analysis of both systems indicated that the VRF system will require more energy to run on an annual basis than the Mini Split system. However, the analysis was carried out without considering the part load potential energy savings of the VRF system. Net Present Worth Analysis carried out also favoured the Mini Split system in terms of Net Present Value of the systems. Based on the Engineering Economic Analysis carried out on the two systems, the overall Net Present Value for the VRF system is N77,891,808.66, while that of the Mini-Split system is N46,641,828.74. This result shows that the VRF system has a higher cost implication than the Mini-Split system. Hence, in terms of cost, the Mini-Split system is a more viable option.

scholarly journals VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO VEGETAL EM DOIS SISTEMAS PRODUTIVOS

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Taglialegna Salles ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
Angélica De Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Camila Soares Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Average Annual Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de carvão vegetal em dois sistemas produtivos: oito fornos de superfície acoplados a uma fornalha para queima de gases e dez fornos do tipo “rabo-quente” sem sistema de queima de gases. Para análise econômica, definiu-se uma produção anual média igual a 1.571 metros cúbicos de carvão (mdc) e horizonte de planejamento de 12 anos, sendo propostos 2 cenários. No primeiro cenário, após a colheita da madeira, realiza-se o plantio de uma nova floresta, permanecendo o custo da madeira constante em todo o planejamento; no segundo cenário, após a colheita, considerou-se a condução da brotação, reduzindo os custos na 2ª rotação e consequentemente os custos da madeira. A análise econômica foi realizada através da determinação dos seguintes indicadores: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE), Razão Benefício/Custo (B/C) e Lucratividade. Os indicadores calculados demonstraram a viabilidade dos dois sistemas produtivos avaliados em ambos os cenários propostos, porém o sistema fornos-fornalha apresentou melhores valores para os indicadores. Conclui-se que a produção de carvão vegetal nos sistemas avaliados foram viáveis economicamente, com o sistema fornos-fornalha gerando maior lucro ao produtor de carvão.Palavras-chave: Fornos de alvenaria; análise determinística; valor presente líquido. Abstract Economic viability of charcoal production in two production systems. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic viability of charcoal production in two conversion technologies: eight surface kilns coupled to a furnace for burning gases (kilns-furnace system) and ten "rabo-quente" or traditional charcoal kilns without burning gases system. An average annual production of 1571 cubic meters of charcoal (mdc) was used to perform the economic analysis. A planning horizon of 12 years and two scenarios were proposed. In the first scenario, after harvesting the wood, the planting of a new forest was performed, and the cost of wood remained constant throughout the planning horizon. In the second scenario, after the harvest, the conduction of shooting was considered, which reduced costs in the second rotation and consequently the cost of wood. The economic analysis was performed by determining the following indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) and Benefit - Cost Reason (B/C). Calculated indicators demonstrated the viability of producing charcoal in the two production systems in both scenarios proposed, but kilns-furnace system presented better values. As conclusion, production of charcoal in the evaluated systems were economically viable. Kilns-furnace system was able to generate more profit to charcoal producer.Keywords: Kilns; deterministic analysis; net present value.

A Combined Cycle Power Plant With Absorption Cooling for Houses Air Conditioning

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad H. Almutairi ◽  
Jonathan Dewsbury ◽  
Gregory F. Lane-Serff
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Direct Expansion ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

This study examined the viability of a single-effect water/lithium bromide absorption chiller driven by steam extracted from the steam turbine in the configuration of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP). System performance was verified based on the annual cooling load profile of 1,000 typical houses in Kuwait obtained from DesignBuilder building simulation software. Computer models that represented a CCPP with an absorption chiller and a CCPP with a Direct-Expansion (DX) air conditioning system were developed using Engineering Equation Solver software. The computer models interacted with the cooling load profiles obtained from DesignBuilder. Analysis shows that the CCPP with the absorption chiller yielded less net electrical power to the utility grid compared to similar CCPPs giving electricity both to the grid and to the Direct-Expansion air conditioning systems given the same cooling requirements. The reason for this finding is the reduction in steam turbine power output resulting from steam extraction.

Cost Benefit Analysis of Industrial Noise Regulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Holland ◽  
Jean Cross
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
Present Value

This paper examines the application of the techniques of economic analysis to occupational health and safety regulations using occupational noise as an example. The paper explores the extent to which economic impact studies are practically feasible and useful in relation to occupational health and safety legislation. Six studies of the same regulatory change, from four countries were analysed. The results of these studies ranged from a strongly negative to a significantly positive net present value, depending on the assumptions made. The factor which had the greatest influence on these differences was the way in which benefits are costed. It is shown that in the field of Occupational Health and Safety, economic analysis does not produce a single valid net present value or benefit to cost ratio on which a decision to legislate can sensibly be based. However the analysis can, if properly directed provide useful information on factors which will enable organisations to optimise their response to the regulation and authorities to introduce regulations in a way which does not bear with unreasonable weight on specific sectors of the community.

scholarly journals Technical-economic analysis of different lighting systems for broiler poultry

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla A. P. Ribeiro ◽  
Tadayuki Yanagi Junior ◽  
Joaquim P. da Silva ◽  
Sílvia de N. M Yanagi ◽  
Renato S. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Financial Mathematics ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

ABSTRACT Broiler poultry is highly dependent on artificial lightening. Power consumption costs of artificial lighting systems is the second largest expense related to broiler industry, second only to feed expenses. Therefore, the current study focused to analyze technical and economic feasibility of replacing incandescent lamps already used in aviaries with other lamp types. Costs related to power consumption, implementation and maintenance of the lighting systems were evaluated with the aid of financial mathematics using net present value, return over investment and payback. Systems composed of six lamp types were analyzed in two different configurations to meet the minimum illuminance of 5 and 20 lux and for use in conventional sheds and dark house. The lamps tested were incandescent (LI) of 100 W, compact fluorescent (CFL) of 34 W, mixed (ML) 160 W sodium vapor (SVL) of 70 W, tubular fluorescent T8 (TFL T8) of 40 W and tubular fluorescent T5 (TFL T5) of 28 W. For the systems tested, it was found that the tubular fluorescent lamps T8 and T5 showed the best results of technical and economic feasibility.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of sustainable management of candeia

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Donizette de Oliveira ◽  
Ivonise Silva Andrade Ribeiro ◽  
José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽  
José Márcio de Mello ◽  
José Luiz Pereira de Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The Interest Rate

Candeia wood (Eremanthus erythropappus) is widely used for production of essential oil and its active ingredient, alpha-bisabolol, is consumed by both the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to determine the productivity and operating costs associated with exploration, transportation and commercialization of candeia timber obtained from sustainable management systems and used for oil production; to determine the gross income or revenue obtained from the sale of candeia timber; to analyze the economic feasibility of sustainable management of candeia. For the economic analysis, Net Present Value, Net Present Value over an infinite planning horizon, and Average Cost of Production methods were used. Results indicated that the most significant costs associated with candeia forest management involve transportation and exploration. Together they account for 64% of the total management cost. Candeia forest management for oil production is economically feasible, even in situations where the interest rate is high or timber price drops to levels well below currently effective prices. As far as candeia forest management is concerned, shorter harvest cycles allow higher profitability. However, even in situations where the harvest cycle is relatively long (30 years), the activity is still economically feasible.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Rewind, Premium, and Standard Efficiency Vertical Hollow Shaft Motors for Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Henry ◽  
Kenton B. Watkins ◽  
Ranjitsinh U. Mane ◽  
Gregory L. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Hollow Shaft ◽  
Capital Costs

Abstract. Vertical hollow shaft motors are commonly used for vertical turbine pumps for irrigation. They are a specialty motor which has been exempt from the Department of Energy (DOE) requirement for improved energy efficiency. We evaluated the payback and net present value (NPV) of standard efficiency, energy efficient, and premium efficiency motors for motor sizes used in irrigation. For motor sizes between 22 and 56 kW (30 and 75 hp), the NPV and payback analysis indicated that premium efficient motors are more advantageous than standard efficiency. In motor sizes greater than 75 kW (100 hp) standard efficient motors are more cost effective than replacing a motor with a premium efficiency motor. When considering a repair or rewind of a motor, the result is highly dependent on the quality, and the resulting efficiency expected after the repair. If a repaired motor nameplate efficiency could be attained after rewinding and repair, then rewinding is most cost effective. However, if original nameplate efficiency is not attained, then it may be more cost effective to purchase a premium efficiency motor over rewinding. New DOE requirements may be advantageous for irrigators even though capital costs will be higher for new motors. Keywords: Motor rewind, Net present value (NPV), Payback period, Premium efficiency motor.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis of intermediate hydrocarbon injection on coupled CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872092707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhyung Cho ◽  
Moon S Jeong ◽  
Young W Lee ◽  
Hye S Lee ◽  
Kun S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Oil Viscosity

This study proposes economic evaluation of CO2 geological storage with enhanced oil recovery. The procedures consider capital expenditures and operating costs of infrastructures and revenues from oil recovery and carbon tax credits. Extensive CO2 geological storage with enhanced oil recovery simulations was conducted to determine the most promising scenario among cases, where miscibility was controlled by the addition of liquefied petroleum gas. The addition of liquefied petroleum gas into a CO2 injection stream can accelerate reduction of oil viscosity, interfacial tension, and oil density, which cause improved displacement efficiency. The larger was the amount of liquefied petroleum gas injected, the greater was the miscibility due to minimum miscibility pressure reduction, resulting in higher oil recovery and less CO2 sequestration. Although liquefied petroleum gas addition enhances the performance of CO2 enhanced oil recovery, economic analysis should be conducted for CO2 geological storage with enhanced oil recovery due to the higher price of liquefied petroleum gas than that of CO2. Net present value decreased from liquefied petroleum gas mole fraction of 0–2% and started to increase from mole fraction 2–13% due to the miscibility effect. Then, net present value started to decrease, because the purchasing and injecting prices of the required liquefied petroleum gas exceeded that of the oil produced. Economic evaluation showed that addition of 13% liquefied petroleum gas was the most promising scenario, with a net present value of 91 MM$. Thus, we confirmed an optimum liquefied petroleum gas concentration in the CO2 geological storage with enhanced oil recovery process.

Economic Analysis Using Net Present Value and Payback Period: Case Study of a 9kWp Grid-Connected PV System at UTM, Johor Bahru Campus

2016 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Almaktar ◽  
Hasimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Yusri Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The Public

An economic study for the photovoltaic (PV) projects by the PV installer is essential to avoid the risk that may incur from the investment. This paper discusses the economic analysis of PV installations specifically for the grid connected (GC) systems. The case study is the 9 kW Solar-Home UTM system which is planned to be a showcase GC zero energy house. The house will be able to sell the excess energy back to the grid according to the Malaysian Feed-in Tariff (FiT) implemented in 2012. The economic study conducted is based on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Pay-Back Period to determine the profitability and viability of the project. The study is believed to encourage and initiate the public to build a successful investment and contribute in the development and deployment of new clean energy sources.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Thyme (Origanum Syriacum) Production for Smallholder Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Baraa Munir Almansour ◽  
Ghaith Amin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Good Number

Abstract Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants significantly contribute to affordable healthcare and livelihood security. This study aims to investigate the economic analysis of Syrian oregano (Origanum syriacum) production with total area of 1000 m2, depending on some standard economic indicators. The results showed that the annual net profit constitutes 56% of the total annual revenues. Furthermore, the net present value after six years was a positive value, and the index of profitability was 2.71, which confirms the economic viability of this project. The internal rate of return (IRR) reached 90.67%, which is a good number compared to the bank interest rate. Although this project does not occupy large areas, (a small possession 500-2000 m2 is sufficient for its establishment), but it is able to achieve guaranteed profits within a short period. Therefore, Thyme cultivation should be expanded by providing small farmers the necessary technical support and drawing their attention to economic efficiency of such project.

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