scholarly journals GIS Aided Groundwater Quality Mapping of Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
I. H. Thakuria ◽  
P. P. Hazarika ◽  
K. Deka ◽  
B. K. Medhi ◽  
N. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Total Geographical Area ◽  
Essential Resource

Groundwater is an essential resource for sustainable development all over the world. To understand the use of water resources, the fundamental characteristics and recharge of the groundwater need to be analyzed. GIS is considered as an effective and powerful tool for collecting, storing, transforming the spatial information for the need-based site-specific decision-making process. Thus, GIS tools have opened new paths in land and water resource studies. In the present study, GIS-based mapping of the groundwater in the central Brahmaputra Valley Zone is done with a view to observing the various quality characters. The results of this investigation could be used by decision-makers for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. The groundwater pH of the district was found to be within the desirable limit as recommended by WHO but 67.30% sample covering 79% of the total geographical area of the district was slightly alkaline in nature. Groundwater quality parameters that surpassed the desirable limit recommended by WHO, were electrical conductivity and nitrate which accounted for 41.22% and 0.79% of the total samples. Total Dissolved Solids, calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate and nitrate in groundwater were recorded within the desirable limit of WHO and thus could be considered as safe. Spatial autocorrelation run for all the quality parameters with respect to their positions and values over the entire district envisaged the possibilities of forming different pattern namely CLUSTER for pH, EC, As, F, Fe, Al, Mn,HCO3, RANDOM for Mg, Ca, CO3, NO3, SO4 and DISPERSED for TDS. GIS-aided mapping of groundwater quality parameters embracing their category wise spatial distribution, area, maximum and minimum values, surface autocorrelation of observed values could give a better idea to opt for suitable need-based management strategy for the entire district.

Spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters for groundwater quality evaluation in a part of Satluj River Basin, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1480-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Kumar Chaudhry ◽  
Kamal Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Afaq Alam
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract The rising population, contamination and mismanagement of groundwater worldwide require sustainable management techniques and strategies to prevent misuse of groundwater resources especially in the semi-arid regions of the world. The aim of the present study is to assess the distribution of contaminants in groundwater at a spatial level by using a geostatistical method, namely ordinary kriging. For this, a physico-chemical parameter data set at 14 sampling locations for a period over 25 years was assessed. Three semi-variogram models, namely exponential, Gaussian and spherical, fitted well for the data set and were cross-validated using predictive statistics. Based on nugget/sill ratio, which characterizes the overall spatial dependence of water quality parameters, it was observed that, apart from nitrate, all the other parameters showed moderate to weak spatial dependence (i.e. total hardness), indicating significant influence of urbanization, fertilization and industrialization. Spatial distribution maps of all the parameters were generated. Concentration of most of the parameters reported high values in the northern region, while silicon dioxide and potassium recorded high values in the southern and central regions of the study area respectively. The study highlighted the depleting groundwater resources in various regions of the study area, indicating that the groundwater quality is in a declining state.

scholarly journals AR, CR and ARCR modeling for simulations and analyses of karst groundwater quality parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Vesna Ristic-Vakanjac ◽  
Marina Cokorilo-Ilic ◽  
Petar Papic ◽  
Dusan Polomcic ◽  
Radisav Golubovic
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Although an invisible component of the hydrologic cycle, groundwater generally takes precedence over other water resources in the area of drinking water supply. Among groundwater resources, karst aquifers tend to be rich in sufficiently-accessible amounts of high-quality water. During most of the year, this water requires only disinfection prior to delivery to the end user. However, in many cases extreme rainfall and/or sudden snow melt results in transient turbidity, increase in bacterial count and temporary contamination (e.g. increase in nitrate and phosphate concentrations). To be able to determine the effect of the precipitation regime on various groundwater quality parameters, it is necessary to establish continuous monitoring of the parameter of interest and certain parameters should be observed at least once a day, if not more often (continuously). Such monitoring provides sufficiently long time-series of the considered parameter, so that autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses can be undertaken and AR, CR and ARCR modeling used for simulations and short-term forecasts. Apart from the theoretical background, the paper presents a case study of the occurrence of nitrates at a karst spring called ?Banja? near the city of Valjevo, Serbia. A ten-year (1991-2000) timeseries of the discharged volume of water was used in the study, as well as nitrate concentrations recorded on a daily basis. In addition, daily precipitation was gauged in the immediate vicinity of the catchment and the rainwater chemically analyzed. The analyses included nitrate concentrations in precipitation. The generated timeseries were used for autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses of nitrate concentrations in the Banja Spring pool during the entire period of monitoring, as well as in one wet and one dry year. The results are presented for all three cases, based on simulations applying AR, CR and ARCR modeling.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose in Mansa District(Punjab, India) through GIS Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBJANI KUNDU ◽  
ANIL SOOD
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Total Geographical Area ◽  
Extreme Salinity

Use of geostatistical approaches for water quality mapping is a smart and timely approach to assess the quality of groundwater and evaluate its suitability for irrigation purpose. Present study was undertaken to map the spatial distribution of different water quality parameters and generate water quality map for Mansa district using geo-statistical interpolator (Kriging). Geo-referenced groundwater samples were collected and analysed for different quality parameters i.e. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Carbonate and Bicarbonate (CO 3 2- , HCO 3 - ), Chloride (Cl - ), Total Hardness (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) and Sodium (Na + ) content; and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was calculated. Salinity and alkalinity hazards were evaluated using national and international standards and the overall, water quality was assessed to judge its suitability for irrigation purpose. Quality of groundwater for irrigation was found to be marginal in major part of district Mansa covering an area of 200156.7 ha (92.3% of its Total Geographical Area) which can be used for irrigation purpose only after some amelioration. Extreme salinity (ECandgt;4 dSm -1 ) and alkalinity (RSCandgt; 5 meq l -1 ) hazards were prevalent only in small patches in Sardulgarh and Budhlada blocks covering 26.7 and 2.9% of TGA of the respective blocks. Mixing of canal water with groundwater, use of suitable amendments, like gypsum, selection of appropriate crops and cropping systems should be in regular practice for improving the water quality in one hand and preventing further deterioration in other.

Groundwater management for adaptation under changing climate conditions in Indian Punjab

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanpreet Kaur ◽  
Prit Pal Singh Lubana ◽  
Rajan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Total Geographical Area ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Agricultural Demand

India is the largest groundwater user in the world, with an estimated usage of around 230 km3 per year. Agricultural demand for irrigation is already the single largest draw on India's water, yet estimates by the Ministry of Water Resources indicate that by the year 2050 irrigation needs will rise by 56%. From the climate change viewpoint, India's groundwater hotspots are concentrated in the seven states of Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. The state of Punjab, with only 1.57% of the total geographical area, is contributing 27–40% rice, 55–65% wheat and 18–25% cotton to the central pool since the last three decades. The dropping water levels in these regions are largely attributed to unsustainable consumption of groundwater for irrigation and other uses along with increased runoff and/or evapotranspiration, which climate change may further exacerbate. This paper presents an overview of current groundwater issues and examines the potential and negative effects of climate change on the groundwater resources in Punjab. Therefore, in this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the problem of declining groundwater resources and possible factors responsible for this and suggest suitable strategies for arresting over-exploitation and for sustainable agriculture in Punjab.

scholarly journals Hydro-chemical Survey and Quantifying Spatial Variations in Groundwater Quality in Coastal Region of Chennai, Tamilnadu, India – a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishan Singh Rawat ◽  
T. German Amali Jacintha ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids

The good quality of groundwater is important for the purpose of future planning and management. The present study has been undertaken to provide an overview on the status of groundwater quality through physicochemical parameters namely pH, alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, phosphate and iron through laboratory analysis. Samples have been collected from seven wells located in Chennai costal region of state Tamilnadu, India. The laboratory-based results shows that the mean value of pH is 7.29, alkalinity (308.57 mg/l), total hardness (285.71 mg/l), chloride (175.71 mg/l), iron (0.71 mg/l), nitrate (13.57 mg/l), phosphorus (2.71 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (924 mg/l), respectively. The geo-database water quality parameters were created in Geographical an Information System. Further, the kriging a geo-statistical method of interpolation is applied to know the health of groundwater in the then-sampled area. This interpolation method has been used to predict spatial distribution physicochemical parameters in the form of contour. Local planners and policy makers may utilize these results for efficient management of groundwater resources in this area.

scholarly journals Gis-based Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Groundwater with Proximity to Onsite Wastes Pits in Vom Community of Jos South, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
R. E. Daffi ◽  
M. I. Alfa ◽  
E. S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Health Organization

Water quality assessment is an important part of environmental quality management especially in groundwater resources located close to sources of contamination. This study involved the assessment of groundwater quality for hand dug wells at locations with proximity to pit latrines in Vom community, Plateau State, Nigeria and the use of GIS for data analysis. Water samples were collected from six (6) locations in a small area to assume possible interaction between the water in the sampling wells, the maximum distance between any two points being 100 m and the minimum distance being 22 m. Eleven (11) physical, bacteriological and chemical parameters were analyzed for the water samples. The results were compared with World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical parameters in the samples tested met the WHO and NSDWQ limits with the exception of pH which was slightly acidic for four samples. The results also showed that E. coli was found in all the samples tested. This may be attributed to the proximity of the wells to pit latrines. The results obtained from laboratory analyses were inputted into a GIS database in ILWIS 3.8 where the variation maps were developed and also classified maps for each of the parameters based on whether they meet WHO standards or not. The classified maps were all overlaid in GIS to develop the groundwater quality information map where any point highlighted gives information on the parameters for that point. This makes the retrieval of water quality parameters easy and also the comparison of the parameters with respect to location. Treatment of the groundwater with chemicals like soda ash and chlorine are recommended before consumption. It is generally recommended that wells should not be located in close proximity to onsite underground wastes disposal pits. Government should provide sufficient potable water for the Vom Community.

scholarly journals Citizen science in Lebanon—a case study for groundwater quality monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Baalbaki ◽  
Serine Haidar Ahmad ◽  
Wassim Kays ◽  
Salma N. Talhouk ◽  
Najat A. Saliba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Bacteriological Test

Over the past decade, several citizen science projects have been launched, with a smaller subset addressing citizen scientists' involvement in water quality monitoring. Most of these projects were conducted in developed countries and focused on qualitative assessment and measurements of a limited number of water quality parameters. Moreover, data generated by citizen scientists were mainly for monitoring purposes and rarely resulted in remedial measures. In this work, a collaborative citizen science approach involving local citizens and university researchers was applied to assess the groundwater quality in a Lebanese village. Using a mobile laboratory, winter and summer sampling campaigns were conducted and 12 physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters were tested. Results indicated that the data generated by the citizen scientists were comparable with those generated by university researchers for the majority of physical and chemical water quality parameters. However, the bacteriological test results showed a marked difference and may be attributed to the complexity of the testing procedure and quality of testing material. The collaborative and participatory approach resulted in building local capacity and knowledge and in the formation of a locally elected water committee which will be responsible for continuous monitoring of the groundwater resources.

Statistical analysis and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater ‎quality parameters: a case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yaqoob Iqbal Memon ◽  
Sundus Saeed Qureshi ◽  
Imdad Ali Kandhar ◽  
Naeem Ahmed Qureshi ◽  
Sumbul Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters

scholarly journals Evaluating the groundwater quality of Damodar Fan Delta (India) using fuzzy-AHP MCDM technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik Mahammad ◽  
Aznarul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Fan Delta ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Groundwater Quantity

AbstractIn recent years, groundwater pollution has become increasingly a serious environmental problem throughout the world due to increasing dependency on it for various purposes. The Damodar Fan Delta is one of the agriculture-dominated areas in West Bengal especially for rice cultivation and it has a serious constraint regarding groundwater quantity and quality. The present study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality parameters and spatial variation of groundwater quality index (GWQI) for 2019 using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method. The 12 water quality parameters such as pH, TDS, iron (Fe−) and fluoride (F−), major anions (SO42−, Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3−), and cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+) for the 29 sample wells of the study area were used for constructing the GWQI. This study used the FAHP method to define the weights of the different parameters for the GWQI. The results reveal that the bicarbonate content of 51% of sample wells exceeds the acceptable limit of drinking water, which is maximum in the study area. Furthermore, higher concentrations of TDS, pH, fluoride, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and sodium are found in few locations while nitrate and sulfate contents of all sample wells fall under the acceptable limits. The result shows that 13.79% of the samples are excellent, 68.97% of the samples are very good, 13.79% of the samples are poor, and 3.45% of the samples are very poor for drinking purposes. Moreover, it is observed that very poor quality water samples are located in the eastern part and the poor water wells are located in the northwestern and eastern part while excellent water quality wells are located in the western and central part of the study area. The understanding of the groundwater quality can help the policymakers for the proper management of water resources in the study area.

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