scholarly journals Promotion of Efficacy in the Regulation of Noise Pollution in Kenya through Devolution and Public Participation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emojong Amai Mercy ◽  
Eliud Garry Michura ◽  
Aloyce Ndege
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Public ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The Individual

This research article examines the promotion of efficacy in the regulation of noise pollution in Kenya through devolution and public participation. The prevention of noise pollution has been recognised as a component of a clean and healthy environment. In many countries, Kenya included, comparatively little attention is paid to noise pollution, despite its importance in the urban and industrial scene.  For example, although the provisions of sections 115 and 175 of the Public Health Act and the Penal Code respectively, prohibit and criminalise public nuisance, their enforcement is outside the competence of the individual. Rarely does one hear of a court action by public health or other officers yet pollution continue to occur.  It appears that there has been total apathy by the officers concerned with the enforcement and the community affected by the nuisance. Lack of efficacy in the implementation and enforcement of the Regulations is a major reason for the existence of noise pollution in Kenya. Among the challenges faced is the lack of resources in terms of logistics to create awareness with regards to the problems associated with noise pollution. The Kenyan public are yet to appreciate and understand that noise is an unnecessary evil in the society. As the level of noise pollution rises every day at an alarming rate a serious problem is looming to the members of the public and the country in terms of the health issues, communication troubles, general nuisance, and its corresponding effects on wildlife. There is a limited research field study and gaps in this area regarding noise pollution control and how to enhance its efficacy in Kenya. New strategies, beyond the simple command and control instruments currently in place at the national level, shall help in changing behaviours in ways that shall be beneficial to the society as a whole. This paper tends to look at how the various tiers of national and county governments have embraced these principles in the promotion of efficacy in the environmental governance in Kenya, especially in noise pollution control.

Capacity building in the public health field in the Tunisian medical faculties

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Coman ◽  
O Oltean ◽  
M Palianopoulou ◽  
D Plancikova ◽  
C Zedini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Local Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Training ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Health Field

Abstract Over the past years, Tunisia has experienced important reforms in the field of public health. The Tunisian medical faculties (Universities of Sfax, Tunis el Manar, Sousse and Monastir) play a key role in this endeavor by training public health professionals who can contribute to the modernization of the health system. Funded by the EC through Erasmus+ programme, the CONFIDE project (coordinated by Babes-Bolyai University, having as EU partners the Universities of Southern Denmark and Trnava, and the above mentioned Tunisian universities) has established the Research into Policy training programme by strengthening their capacity to provide public health training. The Research into Policy training programme has been delivered by the Centres for Evidence into Health Policy (C4EHPs) established within the Tunisian partner universities for the needs of CONFIDE. The training programme was implemented in four steps: (1) train the trainer sessions - the European experts trained 18 Tunisian trainers; (2) shadowing sessions - the trainers participated in shadowing sessions in the European partner institutions; (3) training delivery - the CONFIDE trainers, assisted by the European experts, delivered the training to an interdisciplinary group of 25 students and professionals; (4) internships - the students participated in internships in local health institutions. Three modules have been built within the Research into Policy training programme: Public health research, Health promotion policies and Evidence based public health policy. They contributed to increasing the public health knowledge and skills of the professionals trained. The training programme was well received by the Tunisian universities and the material developed so far during the project was adapted to the Tunisian context in the third step of implementation. On the long term, the project is expected to have an impact at the national level and produce updates at curricula level in the Tunisian medical faculties. Key messages Research into Policy training programme developed by the EC partners and culturally adapted by the Tunisian partners to the Tunisian public health context. Research into Policy training is a well-received tool for the high quality learning process in the public health field in Tunisian medical faculties.

Towards European Modern Societies with Health Systems That Are Able to Add More Years to Life, But Also to Add More Life to Years

2016 ◽  
pp. 228-255
Author(s):  
Androutsou Lorena ◽  
Androutsou Foulvia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
National Level ◽  
World Population ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Public

The political context in Europe is changing including health. Among the priorities in seeking to influence the future of healthcare is a renewed attachment to health for all, health in all policies and a better coordination between social and health policy. Health issues are by definition international, and Europe has a duty to extend solidarity to the wider world population, in strategy and in delivery. Ensuring equitable access to high-quality healthcare constitutes a key challenge for health systems throughout Europe. The chapter will emphasise the importance of European public health policies. The chapter will offer a real opportunity to address public health areas and values such as right to access to healthcare into the detailed mechanisms of European policy. The chapter will form a tool for health leaders, to enrich their knowledge in the public health spectrum from a European perspective, to support, promote and improve healthcare access at a national level.

Xenotransplantation: the potential and the challenges

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
ET Bloom ◽  
AD Moulton ◽  
J McCoy ◽  
LE Chapman ◽  
AP Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Seriously Ill

Clinical use of xenotransplants is a potential way to provide care for a population of seriously ill patients and alleviate the demand for human organs. However, xenotransplantation also presents a spectrum of concerns, not only for individual patients but also for the public health, that must be discussed and dealt with in a science-based and public manner. Such discussions should take place on a national level and should include scientists, physicians, and policy makers from all countries in which the clinical use of xenografts is being considered.

scholarly journals The Relationship among Government, Enterprise, and Public in Environmental Governance from the Perspective of Multi-Player Evolutionary Game

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Chen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Pandu R. Tadikamalla ◽  
Xutong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Government Supervision ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

Environmental governance is an important component of the national governance system. China’s current environmental problems are particularly complex. How to let the government, enterprises, and the public participate in environmental governance is the key to enhance the ability of environmental governance. Based on the evolutionary game theory, the interaction and influencing factors among enterprise pollution control, government supervision, and public participation are analyzed, and the empirical analysis is carried out based on China’s 30 provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018. The research results show that government supervision has a positive effect on the environmental governance and can urge enterprises to actively perform pollution control. The effect of government supervision is constrained by the income and cost of enterprises, and the penalties for passive pollution control should be raised. At the same time, improving the government’s reputation loss can effectively stimulate the government’s environmental supervision behavior. Public participation significantly promotes the governance effect of three industrial wastes, and the enthusiasm of public participation is closely related to participation cost and psychological benefits. Public participation can replace government supervision to a certain extent. The interaction between government and public has a positive effect on environmental governance. The research results will help to build an effective environmental governance system and improve environmental governance performance and public satisfaction.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Participation in Environmental Governance: Empirical Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo ◽  
Bai
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Environmental Enforcement ◽  
The Public

As an essential stakeholder of environmental resources, the public has become the third force which assists in promoting environmental governance, together with local governments and polluting enterprises. In this paper, we construct a mediation model and a 2SLS (Two Stage Least Square) model to illustrate the role of public participation based on inter-provincial panel data of China from 2011 to 2015. The results indicate that the advantages of handling informational asymmetry and enhancing social supervision are the two logical starting points of involving public participation in environmental governance. As the public has no executive power, they can participate in environmental governance in an indirect way by lobbying local governments’ environmental enforcement of polluting enterprises. In addition, their deterrent of polluting enterprises can also generate effects similar to local governments’ environmental enforcement, and such a deterrent will help promote environmental governance directly. At the present time in China, the effects of public participation in environmental governance are mainly reflected in the form of back-end governance, while the effects of front-end governance are not remarkable enough. This research is of great significance in perfecting China’s environmental governance system by means of arousing and expanding the public’s rights to participate in environmental governance.

scholarly journals Keeping up with the times: how national public health and governmental organizations communicate about cannabis on Twitter

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna van Draanen ◽  
Tanvi Krishna ◽  
Christie Tsang ◽  
Sam Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Times

Abstract Background Public health and governmental organizations are expected to provide guidance to the public on emerging health issues in accessible formats. It is, therefore, important to examine how such organizations are discussing cannabis online and the information that is being provided to the public about this increasingly legal and available substance. Methods This paper presents a concise thematic analysis of both the volume and content of cannabis-related health information from selected (n = 13) national-level public health and governmental organizations in Canada and the U.S. on Twitter. Results There were eight themes identified in Tweets including 1) health-related topics; 2) legalization and legislation; 3) research on cannabis; 4) special populations; 5) driving and cannabis; 6) population issues; 7) medical cannabis, and 8) public health issues. The majority of cannabis-related Tweets from the organizations studied came from relatively few organizations and there were substantial differences between the topics covered by U.S. and Canadian organizations. The organizations studied provided limited information regarding how to use cannabis in ways that will minimize health-related harms. Conclusions Authoritative organizations that deal with public health may consider designing timely social media communications with emerging cannabis-related information, to benefit a general public otherwise exposed to primarily pro-cannabis content on Twitter.

Environmental Carcinogenic Factors in Relation to Public Health

1968 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Francesco Scanga ◽  
Ennio Prozzo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Italian Legislation

The public health problems relevant for the general population which are raised by environmental contaminations with carcinogenic factors are reviewed. The discussion includes ionizing radiations, drugs, air pollution and tobacco smoke. The recent Italian legislation on air pollution control and the Italian situation concerning prevention of cigarette smoking are commented in detail.

scholarly journals Team Based Learning in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences: experience in the Public Health qualification

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edinalva Neves Nascimento ◽  
Gabriela Maria de Oliveira Moreira ◽  
Keylla Geovanna Laureano Tolentino ◽  
Ana Cláudia Figueiredo Frizzo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Experience Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
Team Based Learning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
E Mail

ABSTRACT Purpose: to present an experience report about Team-Based Learning utilization as an active methodology of learning in a Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences graduation course. Methods: students enrolled in the public health II subject in the graduation course received the material about breastfeeding by e-mail in advance and were informed about how the activity using Team-Based Learning would be developed. In class, they initially answered to a questionnaire, individually, which was later discussed in teams formed, randomly, by the professor. The answers were placed in charts, to compare individual and teams performances. Results: 25 female students participated in this study, with ages varying from 18 to 25 years, and differences were found between the individual and the team answers, since the answers chosen by the teams corresponded more to the template elaborated by the teacher. The percentage of correct individual answers was 69,6% and the percentage of correct team answers was 96%. Conclusion: the Team-Based Learning utilization showed to be viable from a pedagogical perspective, promoted greater engagement by the students and contributed in the development of teamwork.

The public health benefits of air pollution control

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghong Li ◽  
Gary Ewart ◽  
Monica Kraft ◽  
Patricia W. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Public
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