scholarly journals Crop Weather Relationships of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Sowing Windows and Hybrids

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
B. H. Dadapeer ◽  
S. Sridhara ◽  
Pradeep Gopakkali
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature ◽  
Lower Variation ◽  
Average Relative Humidity

A field experiment was conducted to know the crop weather relationships under different sowing windows and hybrids in maize at the College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, during Kharif 2015. The experimental site is situated at 14°01 to 14°11 North latitude and 75°401 to 75°421 East longitude with an altitude of 650 meters above mean sea level. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial concept and replicated thrice. There were eight treatment combinations, including four-date of sowing (15th June, 30th June, 15th July and 30th July) and two hybrids (PAC-740 and CP-818). Maize sown on 15th June recorded significantly higher grain yield (7632.57 kg ha-1) as compared to other dates of sowing and among the hybrids, CP-818 (7060.72 kg ha-1) was found superior than PAC-740 (6776.93 kg ha-1). Grain yield had a highly significant positive correlation with weather parameters such as cumulative pan evaporation (0.85**), cumulative solar radiation (0.83**), cumulative rainfall (0.79**) and average relative humidity (0.75**) during silking to maturity stage. The variation in grain yield was primarily affected by average maximum temperature (69%) followed by cumulative sunshine hours (68%) and cumulative pan evaporation (66%) during sowing to maturity and lower variation was observed in average relative humidity (54%) during silking to maturity. From the present findings it can be inferred that sowing maize on June 15th with CP-818 hybrid can be a better option to get higher productivity in southern transition zone of Karnataka.

scholarly journals Rendimento de grãos e eficiência do uso de água no cultivo de milho geneticamente modificado no município de Teresina - PI, Brasil, em condições climáticas contrastantes (Grain yield and water use efficiency of genetically modified corn in Piauí, Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Hélio Wilson Lemos de Carvalho ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Cleso Antonio Patto Pacheco ◽  
Leonardo Melo Pereira da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
H 30

A adaptação climática de qualquer espécie vegetal tem estreita relação com seu padrão fenológico, influenciando na sua distribuição geográfica e sua flutuação nos ecossistemas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de 33 híbridos (26 híbridos simples, 6 híbridos triplos e um híbrido duplo) geneticamente modificados de milho em situações climáticas contrastantes - épocas de semeadura (ES), sob irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Os experimentos foram semeados em área da Embrapa Meio-Norte, município de Teresina, PI, em julho e setembro/2013. A temperatura máxima média no período do pendoamento ao espigamento na primeira época foi de 36,7 oC e na segunda época de 38,8 oC, contribuindo para uma redução na eficiência de uso da água (EUA) e dos componentes de rendimentos, números de espigas por área e do peso de espiga na ES de setembro. O rendimento de grãos e a EUA da ES de junho (9.876 kg ha-1; 17,3 kg ha-1 mm-1) foi superior em 25,1 % e 42,27 %, respectivamente, em relação a ES de setembro (7.900 kg ha-1; 11,97 kg ha-1 mm-1). Os híbridos AG 8041 PRO, 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH apresentam tolerância a altas temperaturas e usam melhor a água para a produção de grãos. The climate adaptation of any plant species is closely related to its phenology, influencing on its geographical distribution and its fluctuation in ecosystems. The objective this work was to evaluate the performance of 33 hybrids (26 single hybrids, six triples hybrids and one double hybrid) genetically modified corn in contrasting climatic conditions (two sowing dates) under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two replications. The experiments were sown in the Embrapa Mid-North, Teresina, Piauí State, in July and September / 2013. The average maximum temperature from bolting to heading during the first season was 36.7 °C and in second one was 38.8 oC, reducing the water use efficiency (WUE) and yield components, ear number per area and ear weight in september sowing. The grain yield and WUE of sowing June (9,876 kg ha-1, 17.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) was higher 25.1% and 42.27%, respectively, compared to sowing September (7,900 kg ha-1, 11.97 kg ha-1 mm-1). AG 8041 PRO, P 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH hybrids present tolerant to high temperatures and more efficient water use. Keywords: Heat tolerant, sowing date, Zea mays (L.).

scholarly journals Nature of transmission of Covid19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushree Roy ◽  
Sayan Kar
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractWe examine available data on the number of individuals infected by the Covid-19 virus, across several different states in India, over the period January 30, 2020 to April 10, 2020. It is found that the growth of the number of infected individuals N(t) can be modeled across different states with a simple linear function N(t) = γ + αt beyond the date when reasonable number of individuals were tested (and when a countrywide lockdown was imposed). The slope α is different for different states. Following recent work by Notari (arxiv:2003.12417), we then consider the dependency of the α for different states on the average maximum and minimum temperatures, the average relative humidity and the population density in each state. It turns out that like other countries, the parameter α, which determines the rate of rise of the number of infected individuals, seems to have a weak correlation with the average maximum temperature of the state. In contrast, any significant variation of α with humidity or minimum temperature seems absent with almost no meaningful correlation. Expectedly, α increases (slightly) with increase in the population density of the states; however, the degree of correlation here too is negligible. These results seem to barely suggest that a natural cause like a hot summer (larger maximum temperatures) may contribute towards reducing the transmission of the virus, though the role of minimum temperature, humidity and population density remains somewhat obscure from the inferences which may be drawn from presently available data.

scholarly journals Exploring the Sensitivity of Subtropical Stand Aboveground Productivity to Local and Regional Climate Signals in South China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
Guang Zhou ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Sher Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Aboveground Productivity ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature

Subtropical forest productivity is significantly affected by both natural disturbances (local and regional climate changes) and anthropogenic activities (harvesting and planting). Monthly measures of forest aboveground productivity from natural forests (primary and secondary forests) and plantations (mixed and single-species forests) were developed to explore the sensitivity of subtropical mountain productivity to the fluctuating characteristics of climate change in South China, spanning the 35-year period from 1981 to 2015. Statistical analysis showed that climate regulation differed across different forest types. The monthly average maximum temperature, precipitation, and streamflow were positively correlated with primary and mixed-forest aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its components: Wood productivity (WP) and canopy productivity (CP). However, the monthly average maximum temperature, precipitation, and streamflow were negatively correlated with secondary and single-species forest ANPP and its components. The number of dry days and minimum temperature were positively associated with secondary and single-species forest productivity, but inversely associated with primary and mixed forest productivity. The multivariate ENSO (EI Niño-Southern Oscillation) index (MEI), computed based on sea level pressure, surface temperature, surface air temperature, and cloudiness over the tropical Pacific Ocean, was significantly correlated with local monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin), precipitation (PRE), streamflow (FLO), and the number of dry days (DD), as well as the monthly means of primary and mixed forest aboveground productivity. In particular, the mean maximum temperature increased by 2.5, 0.9, 6.5, and 0.9 °C, and the total forest aboveground productivity decreased by an average of 5.7%, 3.0%, 2.4%, and 7.8% in response to the increased extreme high temperatures and drought events during the 1986/1988, 1997/1998, 2006/2007, and 2009/2010 EI Niño periods, respectively. Subsequently, the total aboveground productivity values increased by an average of 1.1%, 3.0%, 0.3%, and 8.6% because of lagged effects after the wet La Niña periods. The main conclusions of this study demonstrated that the influence of local and regional climatic fluctuations on subtropical forest productivity significantly differed across different forests, and community position and plant diversity differences among different forest types may prevent the uniform response of subtropical mountain aboveground productivity to regional climate anomalies. Therefore, these findings may be useful for forecasting climate-induced variation in forest aboveground productivity as well as for selecting tree species for planting in reforestation practices.

The safety of dental extractions in patients with hematologic malignancies.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Williford ◽  
P L Salisbury ◽  
J E Peacock ◽  
J M Cruz ◽  
B L Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk For Bleeding ◽  
Dental Infections

Dental disorders have been recognized as major sources of infection in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM). Management of severe dental infections usually includes dental extractions (DE), but the safety of extractions in patients with HM who are at risk for bleeding, sepsis, and poor wound healing has not been well established. In conjunction with an aggressive program of dental care, 142 DE were performed in 26 patients with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative disorders. Granulocytopenia (less than 1,000 granulocytes/microL) was present during or within ten days following surgery in 14 patients. In these 14 patients (101 DE), the mean granulocyte count was less than 450/microL, with a median duration of granulocytopenia following surgery of 32 days (range, four to 169 days). Thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000 platelets/microL) occurred during or within two days following surgery in 13 patients (80 DE), with a mean platelet count of 63,500/microL. Transfusions were given for platelet counts less than 50,000/microL. All DE were performed without significant complications. Bleeding was minor to moderate and easily controlled with local measures; no patient required transfusion due to hemorrhage. Average maximum temperature 24 hours after DE was 37.7 degrees C. No episodes of bacteremia were documented within ten days of DE. Minor delay in wound healing was observed in two patients. We conclude that DE can be safely performed in patients with HM in combination with aggressive supportive care.

DETERMINATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL METEOROLOGICAL VALUES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE DEPOSITION OF ICE ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE BY THE MONTHS OF THE COLD PERIOD OF THE YEAR DURING 2001-2013 AND THEIR SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
S.I. Pyasetska ◽  
N.P. Grebenyuk ◽  
S.V. Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Maximum Minimum

The article presents the results of the study of the determination of the correlation connection between a number of meteorological values at the beginning of the deposition of ice on the wires of a standard ice-cream machine in certain months of the cold period of the year on the territory of Ukraine during 2001-2013. The research was conducted for 3 winter months, as well as for March and November. The pair of meteorological parameters have been determined at the beginning of the deposition of ice that have a statistically significant correlation coefficient and a spatial-temporal distribution of the distribution in certain months across the territory of Ukraine has been obtained. The most common variant of the statistically significant connection between individual meteorological parameters was the connection between the temperature of the water column (average, maximum, minimum) and relative humidity of air (average, maximum). Thus, for almost all months studied, a statistically significant correlation between the temperature of the vapor (average, maximum, minimum) and relative humidity of air (average, maximum) was established. For the winter months, the correlation coefficient of this connection was positive, and for March and November, it was negative. A widespread version of a statistically significant connection was the relationship between the air temperature (average, maximum, minimum) and the height of the snow cover. This connection for the months studied turned out to be negative. The variants of negative statistically significant connection between average wind speed and average relative humidity of air (January-February, December), average and maximum wind speed and sea-level pressure (November), and also between daily amount precipitation and snow (March), daily rainfall and wind speed (average, maximum), and pressure at sea level (November). During the months of the cold period of the year, statistically significant connections between the air temperature (average, maximum) and pressure at sea level (November), wind speed (average, maximum) and average humidity (January, December), pressure on sea levels and average relative humidity (March). Also, there were isolated cases of statistically significant correlation between snow and sea level pressure (December). The most frequently statistically significant connections between meteorological values at the dates of deposition of ice on the wires of a standard icing machine were observed at stations in the central, northeastern, eastern and separate southern regions.

Influence of season and environment on fertility of goats in a hot-arid environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MELLADO ◽  
C. A. MEZA-HERRERA
Keyword(s):  
Arid Environment ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

Conception rate and prolificacy of dairy and crossbred goats under intensive conditions in an arid environment of northern Mexico (26° 06′ 15′′ N; maximum temperature throughout the year 12–42 °C, mean annual precipitation 186 mm, and RH <40% year-round) were examined with respect to season of mating, ambient temperature and rainfall at mating. The database contained 4194 natural services. Conception of goats inseminated with average maximum ambient temperatures >34 °C was significantly higher (P<0·01) than conception of goats inseminated when the average maximum temperature 3 days before breeding was <34 °C. The warmest season favoured conception rate (70% in spring; P<0·01) as compared to cooler seasons (62% and 64% for summer and autumn, respectively). Conception rate of goats bred when rain was present was 14 percentage points lower (P<0·01) compared to mating with no rain. When maximum temperatures on the day of mating were >34 °C, cooler temperatures 1 to 3 days before or after the day of mating were associated with a significant increase in the number of kids born. When the maximum temperature at mating was >36 °C, prolificacy for goats exposed to higher or lower temperatures 1 day before mating was 1·56 and 1·65, respectively (P<0·05). Similarly, when the maximum temperature at mating was 34–36 °C, prolificacy was higher for goats exposed to cooler temperatures as compared to warmer temperatures 1 day (1·64 v. 1·49; P<0·01) or 3 days (1·63 v. 1·48; P<0·01) after mating, with respect to the temperature on the day of mating. Conclusions were that conception rate was not compromised in non-lactating Alpine, Toggenburg, Granadino and Nubian goats subjected to high environmental temperature in an arid region, but the occurrence of rain at mating depressed breeding efficiency of these animals. Additionally, an increment in litter size is expected with cooler temperatures before or after hot days at time of mating.

Research on Heat Transfer and Environmental Impact of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers in Multi-Grooves

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Zhong Yi Yu ◽  
Yan Hua Chen ◽  
Min Rui Zhou ◽  
Jian Ping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Heat Exchangers ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature

This paper progresses to dynamically simulate and study the heat transfer process of horizontal ground heat exchangers in the multi-grooves by the use of numerical simulation based on the layout and heat extraction or rejection conditions of horizontal ground heat exchangers under the artificial lake. Effect of buried pipe type and groove spacing on the heat exchanger process is analyzed in detail. The influence of annual average water temperature change on the surrounding environment is evaluated with the introduction of parameters including summer weekly average maximum temperature rise and winter weekly average maximum temperature drop, in which can take the technical supports for the design of horizontal ground source heat pump system.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF SOIL TEMPERATURES IN DIFFERENT DEPTHS USING SPEARMAN’S RHO AND MANN-KENDALL CORRELATION TESTS: THE CASE STUDY OF NIGDE CENTER IN TURKEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
M. Cüneyt Bagdatlı ◽  
Yiğitcan Ballı
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Kendall Correlation

This research was conducted to determine soil temperatures in different soil depths in located Turkey’s Anatolia Region in Center of Nigde Province. In the study, the maximum, minimum and average soil temperature values of 10 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm depths observed between 1970-2019 were examined. All soil temperature data were evaluated monthly within the scope of the study. In the study, Mann-Kendall, Sperman's Rho correlation test and Sen's slope method were used.  According to the research result; The average of maximum soil temperatures in 10 cm depth was calculated as 6,8 0C in winter months and 20,7 0C in spring months. The average minimum soil temperature was calculated as 0,3 0C in winter and 5,0 0C in spring Months in long periods Generally, it was observed that there was an increasingly significant trend at maximum temperatures of 10 cm depth. According to the Mann-Kendal facility, a significant increase trend was observed in minimum soil temperatures in spring, winter and Summer months except for the months of autumn. Considering the average maximum temperature values in 50 cm; It was calculated as 6,6 °C in winter and 13,6 °C in spring months. The minimum soil temperature average was calculated as 3,5 0C in winter and 8,3 0C in spring months in long period (50 year, 600 months). In general, it was observed that there was an increasingly significant trend at maximum temperatures of 50 cm soil depth. According to Mann-Kendall and Sperman Rho test, a significant increase trend was observed in minimum soil temperatures in all seasons except for autumn months. According to the average maximum temperature values in 100 cm depth; It was calculated as 9,2 0C in winter and 11,5 0C in spring. The minimum soil temperature average was calculated as 7,1 0C in winter and 8.7 0C in spring months. It has been observed that there is a significant increase trend in the increasing of maximum and minimum soil temperatures of 100 cm soil depth.

scholarly journals Evaluating temperature thresholds and optimizing sowing dates of wheat in Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
ABDUS SATTAR ◽  
GULAB SINGH ◽  
SHRUTI V. SINGH ◽  
MAHESH KUMAR ◽  
P. VIJAYA KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Sowing Dates

Studies on wheat-weather relationship were carried out at Pusa (25.98 oN, 85.67 oE, 52 m), Bihar situated in middle Gangetic plains of India, with three popular wheat cultivars viz. RW 3711, HD 2824 and HD273, grown under five fixed dates of sowing viz. 15 November, 25 November, 5 December, 15 December and 25 December, for five consecutive rabi seasons from 2011-12 to 2015-16. Thresholds of maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin) and bright sunshine hours (BSH), associated with higher productivity, occurring at different phenophases, were determined. Results revealed that temperature played a crucial role in achieving higher grain yield of wheat. Both Tmax and Tmin during flowering to milking and flowering to maturity phases increased with delayed sowing dates beyond 25 November with consequent reductions in grain yield. During 50 % flowering to milk stage, Tmax and Tmin above 24.6 oC and 11.6 oC, respectively, reduced grain yield below 4000 kg ha-1; significant reduction in grain yield was also noted beyond maximum temperature of 26.9 oC. During flowering to milk and flowering to maturity phases, Tmax and Tmin exhibited highly significant negative correlation with grain yield, indicating higher temperatures causing lower grain yield. With delayed sowing, sensitive phases of the crop experienced higher air temperatures which led to reduction in grain yield. An increase of Tmax from 29.2 to 32.1 oC during flowering to maturity phases reduced the wheat productivity drastically in this region of Indo-Gangetic plains. Grain yield declined by 399 kg ha-1 per 1 oC rise in Tmax during 50 % flowering to maturity stage. Considering grain yield vis-à-vis temperature regimes during flowering to maturity stage, the most important recommendation for the farmers of the region would be to finish wheat sowing before 25 November in order to enable them to escape terminal heat stress in wheat and thereby realizing higher grain yield. The anthesis-time management by manipulating sowing dates could be a realistic adaptation strategy for attaining optimum grain yield under changing climate scenario.

scholarly journals Microclimatic studies in summer moong (Vigna Radiata L. Wilczek) and bare fields

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
SURENDER SINGH ◽  
V.U.M. RAO ◽  
DIW AN SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Average Relative Humidity

An experiment was conducted to study the microclimate of summer moong in relation to bare field. Albedo values were higher at flowering than maturity stage. Air temperature values were lower in cropped field than bare field values at flowering and maturity stage. The average relative humidity deviations were 1.8,4.4,5.0 and 3.6 per cent at flowering and 2.2, 3.0,4.2, 3.8 and. 3.2 per cent at maturity stage at 0800, 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1700 IST. The wind speed values were lower in lower in  cropped  field than bare field.

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