scholarly journals Changing Rainfall and Swinging Tea Production: The Correlates and Perception of Social Ecology of Tea Garden

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Dristika Jairu ◽  
S. K. Acharya ◽  
Anwesha Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Change ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Slight Alteration

Tea is the second most commonly consumed beverages, after water, across the globe. However, the quality and aroma of the produce largely depends on different climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, altitude etc. Even a slight alteration in these climatic factors, affects the quality and production adversely. Climate change, a global challenge, is a big threat to the tea industry as well as its workers. With degraded quality and swinging production due to changing rainfall and temperature, hundreds of tea gardens have been closed down in the past few decades, putting livelihood of thousands of tea workers to question. This paper attempts to find how the changing rainfall and swinging tea production varies with the profile characteristics of the tea workers. The study was conducted in the Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Dooars districts of West Bengal with 90 randomly selected tea workers from nine randomly selected tea gardens, three each belonging to three different altitudes. All the results has been analyzed using statistical tools of correlation coefficient, multiple and stepwise regression and path analysis. The results shows that treatment and mobility are two important variable explaining the variation in perception on change in rainfall and perception on tea production respectively. It has also been found that variables like income, treatment and garments have been reliable predictors for estimating the change in rainfall whereas the variable mobility exhibits a positive and significant relationship with perceived change in tea production. The regression analysis showed that treatment has explained 19.4 per cent of total variation in case of perceived change in rainfall and mobility has explained 16 per cent of total variance in case of perceived change in tea production.

Export Prospects of Tea from India: Untapped Potential

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
P Kiran Kumar ◽  
Jayasheela
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
World Production ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Tea Production

Certain geological and climatic factors have facilitated steadfast growth of tea industry in India. Today India is the largest producer of tea in the world. It accounts for 19 percent of the total area under tea cultivation in the world, 28 percent of world production, 22 percent of global tea consumption and 15 percent of total global exports. Tea is grown in 15 states of India. Predominantly it is North Indian states that have larger share of land under cultivation and tea production. They command a 77 percent share in tea production of India and balance by South India. Whereas state-wise, Assam is top of the league with 50.7 percent followed by West Bengal with 22.1 percent, Tamil Nadu with 15.9 percent and Kerala with 8.3 percent.

scholarly journals The Power of Nations: Measuring What Matters

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Beckley
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Leading Journals

Power is the most important variable in world politics, but scholars and policy analysts systematically mismeasure it. Most studies evaluate countries’ power using broad indicators of economic and military resources, such as gross domestic product and military spending, that tally their wealth and military assets without deducting the costs they pay to police, protect, and serve their people. As a result, standard indicators exaggerate the wealth and military power of poor, populous countries, such as China and India. A sounder approach accounts for these costs by measuring power in net rather than gross terms. This approach predicts war and dispute outcomes involving great powers over the past 200 years more accurately than those that use gross indicators of power. In addition, it improves the in-sample goodness-of-fit in the majority of studies published in leading journals over the past five years. Applying this improved framework to the current balance of power suggests that the United States’ economic and military lead over other countries is much larger than typically assumed, and that the trends are mostly in America's favor.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and human activity on the runoff in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Zhongsheng Chen ◽  
Benfu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Increasing Trend

Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of the upper reaches of Shiyang River basin in Northwest China from 1960 to 2009, this paper analyzed the change in runoff and its related climatic factors, and estimated the contribution of climate change and human activity to runoff change by using the moving T test, cumulative analysis of anomalies and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that temperature revealed a significant increasing trend, and potential evaporation capacity decreased significantly, while precipitation increased insignificantly in the past recent 50 years. Although there were three mutations in 1975, 1990 and 2002 respectively, runoff presented a slight decreasing trend in the whole period. The contributions of climate change and human activity to runoff change during the period of 1976-2009 were 45% and 55% respectively.

Teacher Leadership

2015 ◽  
pp. 257-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servet Özdemir ◽  
Ali Çağatay Kılınç
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Teacher Leadership ◽  
School Context ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on teacher leadership, an important variable in the classroom and school improvement literature. The concept of teacher leadership has attracted increased attention in the past two decades. Teachers are assuming more responsibility for leadership roles and functions within schools. Despite the considerable amount of scholarly effort and time spent on investigating the teacher leadership concept, less is known about how it flourishes in the school context and how it relates to classroom and school improvement. Therefore, this chapter tries to shed some light on the teacher leadership concept and discusses its meaning, teacher leadership roles, factors influencing teacher leadership, the relationship between teacher leadership and classroom and school improvement, and future research areas on teacher leadership. Offering a framework for teacher leadership, this chapter is expected to contribute well to the guidance of further research on teacher leadership.

scholarly journals Rapid climate-driven evolution of the invasive species Mytilus galloprovincialis over the past century

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Guo-Dong Han ◽  
Yun-Wei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

Climate-driven adaptive genetic variation is one of the most important ways for organisms to tolerate environmental change and succeed in altered environments. To understand rapid climate-driven evolution, and how this evolution might shift biogeographic distributions in response to global change, we measured the adaptive genetic variation to the local environment of a marine invasive species Mytilus galloprovincialis. The genetic structure of eight populations from the Mediterranean Sea, northeastern Atlantic, northeastern Pacific, and northwestern Pacific were determined using genome-wide screens for single nucleotide polymorphisms. The relationships of genetic variation to environmental (seawater and air) temperature were analyzed using redundancy analysis and BayeScEnv analysis to evaluate the impacts of temperature on the genetic divergences among these eight populations. We found that the genetic compositions were significantly different among populations and the adaptive genetic variation was associated with temperature variables. Further, we identified some genetic markers exhibiting signatures of divergent selection in association with environmental features that can be used in the future to closely monitor adaptive variation in this species. Our results suggest that divergent climatic factors have driven adaptive genetic variation in M. galloprovincialis over the past century. The rapid evolutionary adaptation has played a pivotal role in enabling this species to invade a wide range of thermal habitats successfully. Species like M. galloprovincialis that possess high levels of genetic variation may not only be especially capable of invading new habitats with different environmental conditions, but also poised to cope rapidly and successfully with rising global temperatures.

scholarly journals Divergent Response of Leaf Coloring Seasons to Temperature Change in Northern China over the Past 50 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zexing Tao ◽  
Yunjia Xu ◽  
Junhu Dai ◽  
Huanjiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Start Date ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Divergent Response

Autumn phenology plays a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem circulations. However, the changes in autumn phenology and their correlation with temperature remain uncertain because mean temperature alone was not able to determine the changes in autumn phenology at various sites. Here, the leaf coloring season (LCS) was defined as the period when the leaves of more than half of the species had recognized changes in color. We systematically studied the changes in peak, start, end, and duration of LCS and their correlations with five temperature parameters (mean temperature, accumulated cold temperature, day temperature, night temperature, and temperature difference between day and night) in four periods. Similarly to previous findings, the start date of LCS advanced and the end of LCS delayed over the past 50 years, which consequently led to a lengthened duration of LCS in Xi’an, Harbin, Minqin, and Shenyang. In general, the rise in mean temperature, day temperature, and night temperature would delay the peak, start, and end of LCS and lengthen the duration of LCS in most cases. We also proved that the changes in LCS metrics not only could completely be explained by mean temperature but also were influenced by day temperature, night temperature, temperature difference, and even other climatic factors such as precipitation, at different sites.

Prenatal gross morphometrical studies on spleen with special reference to prediction of foetal age in Surti goat (Capra hircus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Chaurasia ◽  
R. Menaka ◽  
Thakur Krishna Shankar Rao ◽  
K.K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Length Width

A study was conducted to elucidate the topographic location and morphometry of the spleen in 30 Surti goat foetuses at different stages of their development ranging from 44 to 144 days (4.0 to 41.0 cm CRL). On the basis of CR length, the foetuses were divided into three age groups viz., group-I (4.0 to 11.6 cm CRL), group-II (12.2 to 26.8 cm CRL) and group-III (27.2 to 41.0 cm CRL). Special attempt has been made to fit prediction equation (stepwise regression) for estimation of approximate age of Surti goat foetuses by using splenic biometrics. The developing spleen was observed at the age of 44 days (4.0 cm CRL) in abdominal cavity close to the stomach. The shape of spleen was roughly quadrilateral in all age groups. The various spleen measurements viz., length, width, thickness, volume and weight increases in dimensions during different stages of development and all the changes were highly significant (P less than 0.01). The mean relative weight of spleen was maximum (0.15%) in group-III. Among splenic parameters, the length of spleen was found most important variable; which could be used for estimation of age using stepwise regression (R2 = 0.97) model in Surti goat foetuses.

Agriculture in India: a case-study of Burdwan

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
A Raychaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
The Past

Burdwan, in West Bengal, a densely-populated and relatively prosperous area of Eastern India, was chosen for the first of a series of detailed analyses of the socio-economic effects of the so-called ‘green revolution’ of the past decade. The new technology has put a premium on land. Expenditure on fertilizers, tractors and tubewells has ‘increased dramatically’. Medium to large farmers’ efficiency and incomes have improved but benefits have been distributed less than equitably.

scholarly journals How well can intelligibility of closely related languages in Europe be predicted by linguistic and non-linguistic variables?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Gooskens ◽  
Vincent J. van Heuven
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Test Languages ◽  
Cloze Test

Abstract We measured mutual intelligibility of 16 closely related spoken languages in Europe. Intelligibility was determined for all 70 language combinations using the same uniform methodology (a cloze test). We analysed the results of 1833 listeners representing the mutual intelligibility between young, educated Europeans from the same 16 countries. Lexical, phonological, orthographic, morphological and syntactic distances were computed as linguistic variables. We also quantified non-linguistic variables (e.g. exposure, attitudes towards the test languages). Using stepwise regression analysis the importance of linguistic and non-linguistic predictors for the mutual intelligibility in the 70 language pairs was assessed. Exposure to the test language was the most important variable, overriding all other variables. Then, limiting the analysis to the prediction of inherent intelligibility, we analysed the results for a subset of listeners with no or little previous exposure to the test language. Linguistic distances, especially lexical distance, now explain a substantial part of the variance.

scholarly journals Profile Characteristics of Agricultural Input Dealers in West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2100-2109
Author(s):  
Amitava Panja N. S. Shivalinge Gowda ◽  
D. V. Kusumalatha N. Mamathalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Input
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