scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Qualities of Borehole Water Sources in Gokana Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. P. Aleru ◽  
O. A. Ollor ◽  
V. N. Agi ◽  
C. A. Azike
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Rivers State

This study was carried out to assess the Physicochemical and Bacteriological qualities of borehole water sources in Gokana Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) boreholes were used for the study and a total of sixty (60) water samples were collected for bacteriological analyses. All the Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using Horiba Water Checker (Model-10). Heterotrophic Plate Count, Most Probable Number technique and Eijkman test were used for the enumeration, isolation and identification of bacteria. All analyses for Physicochemical parameters were within the acceptable limits (pH: 6.3 to 7.7; Temperature: 27 to 30; Turbidity: 0.61 to 2.01). Bacteriological quality was higher than the World Health Organisation standard recommended limits. The detection of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus and Klebsiella species in the borehole water sources that are intended for human consumption could cause one to think that water from those sources may lead to severe health risks to consumers. Hence, it is not suitable for direct human consumption without treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that onsite treatment intervention be mobilised in order to protect residents of Gokana LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria from further possible consequences of using the borehole water sources.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Well and Stream Water Sources from Ikwerre, Emohua and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
A. A. Okwelle ◽  
B. E. Asikong ◽  
J. A. Lennox
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Majority of the human population in semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria are heavily reliant on well and stream water as the main source of water supply for drinking and domestic use due to the inadequate provision of potable pipe borne water. These groundwater sources can easily be fecally contaminated and thus, increase the incidence and outbreaks of preventable waterborne diseases. This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of some well and stream waters sources in Ikwerre, Emohua and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State. Methodology: Twenty-four sampling sites with 8 from each Local Government Area were randomly selected for this study. A total of 48 samples, 2 from each of the sites were collected aseptically for 12 months. Samples were analysed using membrane filtration technique for total heterotrophic bacterial count and total coliform count. The well and stream water samples were also cultured for E. coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio sp. Results: The results show that Emohua Local Government Area had the highest total heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.2 x 103 cfu/ml. This was followed by Ikwerre LGA with total bacterial count of 4.3 x 102 cfu/ml, while Etche LGA had 3.1 x 102 cfu/ml. The total coliform count ranged from 25 cfu/100ml to 50 cfu/100ml for the three LGA’s, whereas the faecal coliform count was between 12 cfu/100ml and 20 cfu/100ml. The total coliform, E. coli, Salmonella and Vibrio counts from the three local government areas occurred above the WHO stipulated zero count in 100ml of water. Conclusion: The results from this study showed contamination of all the wells studied with faecal coliforms thus, indicating the presence of other enteric pathogens and a potential source for waterborne disease outbreaks. Well water in Ikwerre, Emohua and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State are not safe for drinking without additional treatment like disinfection or boiling. Periodic testing and constant monitoring of these water sources should also be done to meet up with the World Health Organization Standards in the provision of safe, clean drinking water. 

scholarly journals Effect of Solid Waste Disposal on Ground Water Quality in Mgboji, NdokiOyigbo Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Impact

One of the spiteful impacts of landfill sites is the emission of leachates into ground water. The study examined the impact of landfill site on ground water in MgbojiNdokiOyigbo Local Government Area, Rivers State. The study sought to assess the quality of underground water in relation to WHO best standard. The study adopted a laboratory examination, assessing water quality parameters such as hardness, TDS, EC, DO, BOD, chlorine, zinc, pH, temperature, salinity, COD and copper. The study sampled 15 boreholes that are up to or less than 500m from the landfill site and another borehole at 1000m from the landfill site, which serves as a control point for the study. The paired sample t-test was adopted in analyzing the formulated hypotheses. The result of the study revealed that bore holes that are 500m or less are more contaminated than boreholes that are 1000m away from the landfill sites. Furthermore, water quality from boreholes that are 500m or less are unfit for human consumption because they do not meet the acceptable limit postulated by WHO, while boreholes that are 1000m away from the landfill are suitable for human consumption because they meet the acceptable limit by WHO. The study recommends that government should regulate human settlement and development within areas that are too close to landfill sites.

Assessment of Microbial and Physicochemical Contaminations of Water for Domestic Use in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029
Keyword(s):  
Stream Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Mean Concentration

An assessment of domestic water quality using microbial andphysicochemical parameterswas conducted on bothdomestic water supplysourcesand storage containers viz: borehole,upper and lower overhead tanksand stream waterin Calabarmetropolis. Watersamples meant for physicochemical and microbial studies were collected in 1.5L plastic containersandstored in safe conditionprior to laboratory analysis oftheirPhysicochemical and microbial parametersin line withAPHA recommended standardandWHO permissible limits to ascertain if the mean values of the water parameters were or not within the acceptablelimits for human consumption. The results of the descriptive statical analysis of the physicochemical and microbial components of the different domestic water sources revealed mean pH of 6,4±0.6 for the stream water, 6.33±0.57 for the borehole, 5.9±0.9 for the upper overhead tank and 5.79±0.59 for the lower overhead tank. Mean DO concentration of the stream was 7.25±0.25mg/l, with 8.66±0.54mg/lfor the borehole, 6.8±0.2mg/l for the upper overhead tank and 1.79±0.39mg/l for the lower overhead tank (Table 1). Mean water temperature recorded for the stream was 27.5±0.50C, with 27.40±0.60C for the borehole, 27.45±0.550C for the upper overhead tank and 27.71±0.310C for the lower overhead tank. Fe had mean concentration of 1.035±0.001mg/l in the stream water, with 0.040±0.560mg/l in the borehole, 0.664±0.014mg/l in upper overhead tank. Hg mean concentration was <0.001±0.00mg in all the water samples. Bicarbonate had mean concentration of 30.75±0.25mg/l in the stream water, with 36.85±0.256mg/l in the borehole, 24.69±0.31mg/l in the upper overhead tank and 30.75±0.25mg/l in the lower overhead tank. Mean total coliform components were 84.75±0.5 cfu/100ml in the stream water, with 127±2.5 cfu/100ml in the borehole water, 44±2.0 cfu/100ml in the upper overhead tank and 34.5±0.5 cfu/100ml in the lower overhead tank. Total plate count (TPC) had mean values of 127±1,0 cfu/100ml in the stream water, with 164.5±1.5 cfu/100ml in the borehole, 42±8.0 cfu/100ml in the lower overhead tank. Yeast/mould had mean concentration of 0.005±0.005 cfu/100ml in the stream water, with 1.5±0.5 cfu/100ml in the borehole water, 3.5±0.5 cfu/100ml in the upper overhead tank and 2.4±0.4 cfu/100ml in the lower overhead tank. To reducethe risk of human infection that may arise from the continuous use of the water sources andthe tank-stored water, it is strongly recommended that tanks be washed at regular intervals and the treatment of water with recommendeddoses of chemicals meant for such purposes

Some Physicochemical Parameters of Wastewater from an Oil Industry at Point of Discharge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. A. F Wokoma ◽  
◽  
O. S Edori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Wastewater samples were collected from an oil industry at the point of discharge for a period of two years, from January 2018 – December 2019. The wastewater samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, total hydrocarbon content (THC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to examine their conformity to fulfill requirements as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and Drinking Water Association (DWA). The results indicated that all the parameters in the discharged wastewater were within acceptable limits of the regulatory bodies. The field data showed that the investigated firm conformed to the law by carrying out proper procedures before discharging the effluents into the public drain and river. Therefore, the release of wastewater from the industry doesn't constitute a danger to the environment as well as aquatic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical parameter, wastewater discharge, oil industry, environment, contaminants

scholarly journals Quality of water sources in Southwestern Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT): a cross-sectional descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693
Author(s):  
Richard Onyuthi Apecu ◽  
Lucas Ampaire ◽  
Edgar Mugema Mulogo ◽  
Fred Norman Bagenda ◽  
Afsatou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gravitational Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Compartment Bag Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of water sources in the two rural areas of Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT). In total, 200 water samples were collected from 69 different water sources and processed within 6 h of collection. Positive and negative controls were processed each day together with water samples. Physical parameters were measured in situ. Descriptive statistics were used to generate mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and percentages. The results indicated that 29% of the water sources met the National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for drinking water. Sixty percent of the borehole, 44% of gravitational flow taps and 14% of roof rain water met the required standards. Of the open water sources, 75% of the rivers, 50% of open channels and 43% of unprotected dug wells plus 25% of protected springs and 9% of gravitational flow schemes had most probable number counts &gt;100 Escherichia coli/100 mL of water. Most of the water sources in the study areas were not fit for human consumption without prior treatment. The CBT was found to be robust and easy to use in all field situations. The mean physical parameters of water sources were within the acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STHs)Among Pupils of Community Primary Schools in Nkpor and Mgbodohia, Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeBari Barine Gboeloh ◽  
Ike-Ihunwo Chikaire Ndamzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State

ABSTRACTSoil transmitted helminthes (STHs) are common public health concern among children in Sub saharan Africa. A study to determine the prevalence and intensity of these parasites among pupils of two primary schools in Nkpor and Mgbodohia communities, Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria was conducted. The formo-ether concentration technique was used to concentrate and separate the eggs and cysts from the faeces. Out of 107 pupils (56males and 51 females) investigated, 81 (75.7 %) were positive for at least one gastrointestinal helminth. The parasites identified included Ascaris lumbricoide(58.0%), Hookworms(28.4%), Trichirus trichiura(13.6%) and A.lumbricoide + T. trichiura (6.3%). Ascaris lumbricoide was significantly (P<0.05) higher in prevalence than other parasites. Although more females (54.3%) were infected than males (45.7%), there was no significance(P>0.05) difference in the prevalence in relation to sex. Of the 44 males infected, 24(54.5%), 5 (11.4%), 13(29.5%) and 2(4.5%) haboured A. lumbricoide, T. trichiura, Hookworms and mixed infection (A. lumbricoide + T. trichiura) repectively. Out of the 37 females infected, 21 (56.8%), 3(8.1%), 10(27.0%) and 3(8.1%) haboured A. lumbricoide, T. trichiura, Hookworms and mixed infection (A. lumbricoide + T. trichiura) repectively. There was no significance difference in the prevalence of A. lumbricoide and Hookworms between males (54.5%) and females (56.8%). There was significant difference in prevalence among two major age groups (5-10years-45% and 11-15years-41.9%). Children within the age group of 16-20years had the least infection (9.9%). The intensities of A.lumbricoide, T.trichiura and hookworm were 246.5, 107.5 and 187 Epg respectively. The intensity of A. lumbricoide was significantly difference than other parasites identified.Soil transmited helminthes remain a public health concern among children in the study area. Provision of portable water, toilet facilities, good education on the epidemiology of STHs and regular de-worming will enhance control measures.

scholarly journals Survey of Technologies Used in Cassava Processing in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
N. S. Amadi ◽  
U. E. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to survey the technologies used in cassava processing in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Specifically, the study was proposed to determine the technologies used in harvesting, peeling, grinding, extracting water, sifting and frying crushed cassava tubers into Garri. A structured questionnaire titled “Survey of technologies used in cassava processing in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State (STUCP)”.was administered to one hundred-fifty farmers in ten villages in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Data was analyzed with the use of pictorial view of the technology used in cassava processing and Statistical package for social science was used in determining the frequency, percentage and mean. The findings revealed that more need to be done in terms of the technology used in harvesting, peeling, grinding, extracting water, sifting and frying crushed cassava tubers into Garri. One of the recommendations was that technology used in cassava processing should be improved in order to boost garri production in Rivers State.

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