scholarly journals Lignin-Degrading Microorganisms from Organic Soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Yalavarthi Nagaraju ◽  
. Mahadevaswamy ◽  
S. B. Gowder ◽  
S. Triveni
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fungal Isolates

The most prevalent aromatic polymer in nature is lignin, produced by higher plants and thought to make up 30-35 percent of the non-fossil organic carbon on the planet. Lignin hydrolyzing enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, manganese peroxidase, and others produce a variety of aromatic monomers, including ferulic and vanillic acids. However, very little research has been done on the role of microbes in lignin degradation. In the present work, we have isolated 25 ligninolytic bacteria and 25 ligninolytic fungi from organic soils of Koppal, Raichur districts of Karnataka. The bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, based on biochemical tests, and fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viridae, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus based on morphological characters. The ligninolytic activity of bacterial isolates was high when compared to fungal isolates. All the isolates produced detectable amounts of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase under in vitro conditions. In dye decolorization test, fungal isolates KGST-1, KGST-2, and KKSP could decolorize Ramazol Brilliant Blue R and Congo red.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity and Characterization of Indigenous Soil Isolates of Bacteria and Fungi Against Onion Wilt Incited by Fusarium sp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Karim ◽  
Andi Asmawati ◽  
Oslan Jumadi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Tuber rot disease due to phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) infection is one of the main factors causing the decreasing amount of global shallot production. This study aims to find bacteria and fungi candidates which have Foc antagonistic activity through in vitro tests using dual culture techniques. A total of five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy onion plants showed the ability to inhibit Foc growth. B1 and B4 bacterial isolates had an average inhibitory capability of 65.93% and 72.27% respectively. Whereas C1 and C2 fungal isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Foc by as much as 74.82% and 67.76% respectively. The four tested microbial isolates were able to significantly inhibit Foc activity in vitro based on the ANOVA test, with values α = 0.05, and n = 3. Molecular analysis based on 16S-rRNA markers showed bacterial isolates B1 and B4 have an evolutionary relationship with B. subtilis. Whereas fungi C1 and C2 have evolutionary relationships with Aspergillus tubingensis and Trichoderma asperellum respectively, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers. The results of this study can be used to develop indigenous microbial consortiums as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) on shallots.

scholarly journals Characterization and activity of endophytic bacteria from ‘Prata Anã’ banana crop (Musa sp., AAB)

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Débora Francine Gomes Silva Pereira ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
Adelica Aparecida Xavier ◽  
Suzane Ariádina de Souza ◽  
Márcia Regina Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Nirs Gene ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
Musa Sp

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize banana tree endophytic bacteria at genus and species level and to determine the metabolic reactions associated with the nitrogen transformations. The identification at genus and species levels was performed using the partial sequencing of the rDNA 16S region. The assimbyotic nitrogen fixation, the reduction of nitrate and the production of urease were in vitro evaluated. The DNA of the bacterial isolates was also amplified to verify the presence of the nifH, nirK and nirS regions. Biochemical tests were performed in a complete randomized design; the treatments consisted of 39 bacterial isolates with three replications. Sequence analysis enabled the identification of four genera: Bacillus, Rhizobium, Klebsiella and Enterobacter. The Bacillus genus occurred more frequently, nine species were identified. By evaluating the results of biochemical tests, it was observed that three isolates showed multiple abilities: growth in NFb medium, nitrate reduction and production of urease. The isolates belong to the genus Bacillus and of the species subtilis, thuringienses and amyloliquefaciens. Approximately 12.5% of the isolates amplified the region corresponding to the nifH gene, 7.5% amplified gene nirK and 3.9% amplified the nirS gene. Endophytic bacteria evaluated in the present study showed in vitro activity for urease, nitrate reductase enzymes, however, relevant nitrogenase activity was not observed.

Mikroorganisma Antagonis Sebagai Kawalan Biologi Penyakit Utama Padi

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allicia Jack ◽  
Kogeethavani Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Fungal Isolates

In present study, 26 microbes consisted of 11 fungal isolates and 16 bacterial isolates were screened against blast disease pathogen (Pyricularia oryzae). All isolates were screened in vitro via dual culture bioassay. All fungal isolates collected were isolated from aerobic rice soils and the endophyic bacteria were isolated from the stem of healthy rice plants. Five isolates have been identified to be potential biocontrol agents as they recorded high PIRG (percentage inhibition of radial growth) values of more than 80%. Two isolates were identified as Trichoderma (F15 and F16) while the rest of them were bacteria isolates (I5, I6 and I16). 16S rDNA sequence analysis results showed that all three bacterial isolates were 100% similar to Paenibacillus polymyxa (Gene Bank assession number:  GU332610.1).

scholarly journals Determination of some Virulence Factors of Pasteurella multocia isolated from Human and Farm Animals infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Safaa Abdul-Hadi ◽  
Ismail K. Shobar ◽  
Sawsan S. AL-jubori
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Poultry Tissues

Twenty one Isolates of Pasteurella multocida were obtained from different clinical specimens of human and farm animals' infections. Human specimens included wounds swabs taken after cats and dog's bits beside the urine and sputum samples. The animal samples were nasal swabs and blood samples taken from chattels, also the poultry tissues of infected chicken with fowl cholera were collected. Bacterial isolates were isolated using Pasteurella multocida selective agar (PMSA) then identified doing different morphological, biochemical tests followed by api 20E diagnosis. The ability of the bacterial isolates to produce different virulence factors were studied, 18 isolates 85.7% were able to produce Lipase enzyme. Results of pathogenicity study on Lab. animals (mice) showed that there were 9 highly virulent isolates among the 21 (42.8%). The killing time was in between (10-24) hrs after injected the mice’s intraperitoneally. Some of the isolates showed their ability to produce the dermonecrotic toxin and the positive result appeared as highly purulent, dermonecrotic lesions after injection Genia pig intradermally. Results of antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that there were considerable variations in isolates susceptibility. Some of the isolates were highly resisted most of the used antibiotics while others were not. The crude bacterial extract from PMA20 isolate was tested to determine its ability to stimulate human lymphocytes division in vitro, results showed that the extract was able to stimulate cells division when the mitotic index was 1.2% as compared with the positive control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Plant Origin Essential Oils as Herbal Biocides for the Protection of Caves Belonging to Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Anthoula A. Argyri ◽  
Agapi I. Doulgeraki ◽  
Eftychia G. Varla ◽  
Vasiliki C. Bikouli ◽  
Pantelis I. Natskoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Satureja Thymbra

The present study concerns the serious issue of biodeterioration of the caves belonging to natural and cultural heritage sites due to the development of various microorganisms. Thus, a series of 18 essential oils (EOs) extracted from various Greek plants were evaluated in vitro (concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0% v/v) against 35 bacterial and 31 fungi isolates (isolated from a Greek cave) and the antimicrobial activity was evident through the changes in optical density of microbial suspensions. In continuance, eight (8) representative bacterial and fungal isolates were further used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and non-inhibitory concentration (NIC) values of the most effective EOs. According to the results, two EOs of Origanum vulgare were the most effective by inhibiting the growth of all the tested microorganisms at 0.1% (v/v), followed by that of Satureja thymbra which inhibited all bacterial isolates at 0.1% (v/v) and fungal isolates at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% (v/v) (depending on the isolate). The MIC ranged between 0.015–0.157 and 0.013–0.156 (v/v) for the bacterial and fungal isolates respectively, depending on the case. The current study demonstrated that conventional biocides may be replaced by herbal biocides with significant prospects for commercial exploitation.

scholarly journals The effect of Alcoholic plant (tribulus terrestris) extract on the bacteria isolated from genital tract of infertile cows in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
M.S. Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Out of Two hundred swabs collected from genital tract of infertile cows during the period between7/1/2012 to 30/6-2012. Cultured on Blood agar, Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar. 195 swab represented (97.5%) give positive result and 5 swab (2.5%) give negative result. from the positive culture 78 isolated (39%) mixed bacterial infection. All bacteria isolates were identified by using different biochemical tests and API-20E, the single bacterial isolation in this study were Esherichia coli 41.8%, Staphylococcus aureus36.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa17%, Citrobacter braakii1.7%, Providencia rettergi1.7% and Shewanella putrefaciens 0.9%. In mixed bacterial isolation, the highest percentage was 53.8% Staphylococcus + Esherishia coli aureus and the lowest percentage was 1.3% Esherishia coli + Citrobacter braakii + Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility test were carried out on bacterial isolates using 10 single antibiotic discs of commonly used drug, the test showed that most bacterial isolated resist for most antibiotics (Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Nalidix acid, (Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid), Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin and Gentamycin) on the other hand observed sensitive for alcoholic plant tribulus terrestris extract (fruit) in different concentrations

scholarly journals Testing bacterial and fungal isolates for biological control of Fusarium culmorum

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
K.S.H. Boyd-Wilson ◽  
L.J. Magee ◽  
J.K. Hackett ◽  
M. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Conidium Germination

Microorganisms isolated from composts were assayed in vitro for inhibition of mycelial growth and conidium germination of Fusarium culmorum Eleven bacterial isolates inhibited mycelial growth and of these seven also inhibited germination of conidia However inhibition of mycelial growth was only reproducible for three bacteria Five fungal isolates were found to have antagonistic effects on F culmorum mycelial growth Of these five three isolates gave reproducible results and also suppressed germination of F culmorum conidia An oat seedling bioassay was developed to determine the potential of microbial antagonists for use as seed treatments against F culmorum in soil inoculated with the pathogen Three bacterial isolates were selected for methodology development for in vivo evaluations The effect of F culmorum inoculation technique growth substrate and assessment method were investigated

scholarly journals POTENSI JAMUR ENDOFIT TANAMAN KARET DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus microporus) SECARA IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Rubber Plant ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Root Fungi

One of the environmentally friendly control alternatives that can be done, namely by utilizing biological agents in the form of endophytic fungi that are antagonistic. This study aims to study and obtain information about the potential of endophytic fungi in inhibiting white root fungi in vitro. Endophytic fungi isolation is carried out by sterilizing the surface of the stem of the rubber plant and culture it on agar nutrient media. Five endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from the roots of rubber plants, respectively: JEB01, JEB02, JEB03, JEB04 and JEB05. Fungal isolates were tested antagonistically in vitro against Rigidoporus microporus. Two fungal isolates, JEB01 and JEB02 showed the best antagonist in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi Rigidoporus microporus in vitro. Keywords: endophytic fungi, in vitro, Rigidoporus microporus, rubber plants (Hevea brasilliensis

scholarly journals Potential Screening of Indigenous Drought Stress Tolerant Bacteria for Plant Growth Promotion (PGP) Traits: An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
B. Prasanna Kumar ◽  
N. Trimurtulu ◽  
A. Vijaya Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

Aims: The study aims to formulate relevant microbial consortia against drought stress mitigation with potential drought stress tolerant bacterial isolates by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) different moisture stress levels to mitigate the drought stress which can finally helpful to increase plant and soil health under adverse stress conditions. Study Design:  Source of rhizosphere soil samples from groundnut drought prone areas of Andhra Pradesh. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Guntur, 522 034, between June 2017 and July 2020. Methodology: Isolated strains were also tested for further drought stress screening by polyethylene glycol 6000 In-vitro screening was done for different plant growth promotion activities i.e. phosphate solubilization, IAA production, ammonia production, ACC deaminase activity, HCN production and catalase. HCN production, catalase positive, colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Results: Fifty-one efficient bacterial isolates were obtained from drought prone rhizosphere soils of groundnut. Isolated strains were also tested for further drought stress screening by polyethylene glycol 6000 at 0% (-0.05 MPa), 10% (-0.65 MPa), 20% (-1.57 MPa), 30% (-2.17 MPa) and 40% (-2.70 MPa). Thirty-seven bacterial isolates were further found to have an enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity which improved plant growth during stress conditions. The In-vitro screening was done for different plant growth promotion activities, twelve bacterial isolates were positive for phosphate solubilization. IAA production was shown by almost all the bacterial isolates. Three isolates were positive for ammonia production. Two isolates were positive for HCN production and all the isolates were found to be catalase positive. Seven isolates were showing maximum plant growth promotion activities and further identified based on colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Conclusion: This study suggests that 51 bacterial isolates exhibited the highest tolerance to moisture stress under In-vitro, these are screened and considered as potential isolates against plant growth promoting characteristics. Plant growth promoting bacteria that can modulate physiological response for water shortage, enhanced water or nutrient uptake and transpiration, induction of plant growth hormone signaling and increased antioxidase activity and photosynthetic rate thereby ensuring plant survival under such stressful conditions. In regard to isolates having PGP properties from the research work presented could be studied further under In-vitro and in vivo conditions from different soils with several crops for confirming their use as bio inoculants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document