scholarly journals Patterns and Barriers of Breast Feeding among Lactating Females in Kafr Esam Rural Health Unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Rizk Fathy Elhousiny ◽  
Noha M. Elghazally ◽  
Abdelaziz Farouk Aldeeb ◽  
Elsayed Abdel-Rahman Elkafas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Health ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Breast Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lactating Females

Background: Breastfeeding is considered as one of the major public health strategies for improving infant and child morbidity and mortality, as well as decreasing maternal morbidity because of the wide range of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to the mother and infant. The aim of the work was to identify the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding, patterns and barriers of breastfeeding. Methodology: A cross- sectional study was carried out on 400 lactating women from July 2019 up to Sep. 2020 at Kafr Esam Rural Health Unit in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire. Results: The frequency of exclusively breastfeeding women was 44.75%, while 30.25% were mixed breastfeeding and formula and 25% were using formula only. The barriers of exclusive breastfeeding were:  had low breast milk supply (20.25%), mothers work related (9.5%), infant illness (9.25%), mother illness (8%), sore and cracked nipples (7%), easier bottle feeding (6.5%), more than one problem (6.25%), mother on medication (4.75%), 4.5% had baby crying too much, 2.25% had breast infection, 2.25% didn’t like breastfeeding, 1.25% had pressure from family, 0.75% were fasting in Ramadan and no patient said that husband didn’t support breastfeeding. Conclusions: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of infant’s life was accepted (44.75%) but needs more improvement and multiple barriers were present. Management of breastfeeding barriers and their problems. Encourage pregnant women for vaginal delivery. Initiate and support breastfeeding campaigns by mass media annually define a national day for breastfeeding. Further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Adaptive capacity of 2- to 5-month-old infants to the flow, shape, and flexibility of different teats during bottle feeding: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. J. Lagarde ◽  
N. van Alfen ◽  
S. A. F. de Groot ◽  
A. C. H. Geurts ◽  
L. van den Engel-Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Nutritive Sucking ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Development

Abstract Background Nutritive sucking is a complex activity, the biomechanical components of which may vary in relation to respiratory phase, swallow-rate per minute, suck-swallow ratio, and swallow non-inspiratory flow (SNIF). Quantitative measurement of these components during nutritive sucking in healthy infants could help us to understand the complex development of sucking, swallowing, and breathing. This is important because the coordination between these components is often disturbed in infants with feeding difficulties. The aims of this study were to describe the biomechanical components of sucking and swallowing in healthy 2- to 5-month-old infants during bottle feeding, to assess whether infants adapt to the characteristics of two different teats, and to determine which independent variables influence the occurrence of SNIF. Methods Submental muscle activity, nasal airflow, and cervical auscultation were evaluated during bottle-feeding with two different teats. Results Sixteen term-born infants (6 boys) aged 2–5 months were included. All infants showed variable inhalation and exhalation after swallowing. The swallow rate per minute was significantly higher when infants fed with a higher flow teat (Philips Avent Natural 2.0™). Infants had suck:swallow ratios ranging from 1:1 to 4:1. A suck:swallow ratio of 1:1 occurred significantly more often when infants fed with a higher flow teat, whereas a suck:swallow ratio of 2:1 occurred significantly more often when infants fed with a low-flow teat (Philips Avent Classic+™). A suck:swallow ratio of 1:1 was negatively correlated with SNIF, whereas a suck:swallow ratio of 2:1 was positively correlated with SNIF. Conclusion Healthy infants aged 2–5 months can adapt to the flow, shape, and flexibility of different teats, showing a wide range of biomechanical and motor adaptations.

scholarly journals Exclusive Breastfeeding Continuation and Associated Factors Among Employed Women in North Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahsu Gebrekidan ◽  
Helen Hall ◽  
Virginia Plummer ◽  
Ensieh Fooladi
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Employed Women

Abstract Background: Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) can prevent up to 13% of under-five mortality in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa the rate of EBF at six months remains very low at 36%. Different types of factors such as maternal, family-related and work-related factors are responsible for the low rate of EBF among employed women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of EBF continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two towns of Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Employed women who had children between 6 months and 2 years were surveyed using multistage, convenient sampling. Women filled a paper-based validated questionnaire adopted from Breastfeeding and Employment Study toolkit. The questions were grouped into four parts of sociodemographic characteristics, maternal characteristics, family support and work-related factors. Factors associated with EBF continuation as a binary outcome (yes/no) were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Four-hundred and forty-nine women participated in this study with a mean (SD) age 30.4 (4.2) years. Two hundred and fifty-four (56.4%) participants exclusively breastfed their children for six months or more. The main reason for discontinuation of EBF was the requirement of women to return to paid employment (31.5%). Four-hundred and forty (98.2%) participants believed that breastfeeding has benefits either to the infant or to the mother. Three hundred and seventy-one (82.8%) of the participants received support from their family at home to assist with EBF most commonly from their husbands and mothers. Having family support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 2.1, 95%, CI 1.2-3.6; P = 0.005), having frequent breaks at work (AOR= 2.6, 95% CI, 1.4-4.8; P = 0.002) and the possibility of buying or borrowing required equipment for expressing breast milk (AOR= 1.7, 95% CI, 1.0-3.0; P = 0.033) were statistically associated with increasing chance of EBF. Conclusion: Although returning to work was reported by the study participants as the main reason for discontinuation of EBF, families and managers’ support have significant roles in EBF continuation which in the absence of six-month maternal leave for employed women in Ethiopia would be of benefit to mothers and their child.

scholarly journals Exclusive breastfeeding continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0252445
Author(s):  
Kahsu Gebrekidan ◽  
Helen Hall ◽  
Virginia Plummer ◽  
Ensieh Fooladi
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Employed Women

Background Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) can prevent up to 13% of under-five mortality in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa the rate of EBF at six months remains very low at 36%. Different types of factors such as maternal, family and work-related factors are responsible for the low rate of EBF among employed women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of EBF continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia. Materials and methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two towns of Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Employed women who had children between six months and two years were surveyed using multistage, convenience sampling. Women filled in a paper based validated questionnaire adopted from the Breastfeeding and Employment Study toolkit (BESt). The questions were grouped into four parts of sociodemographic characteristics, maternal characteristics, family support and work-related factors. Factors associated with EBF continuation as a binary outcome (yes/no) were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Results Four-hundred and forty-nine women participated in this study with a mean (SD) age 30.4 (4.2) years. Two hundred and fifty-four (56.4%) participants exclusively breastfed their children for six months or more. The main reason for discontinuation of EBF was the requirement of women to return to paid employment (31.5%). Four-hundred and forty (98.2%) participants believed that breastfeeding has benefits either to the infant or to the mother. Three hundred and seventy-one (82.8%) of the participants received support from their family at home to assist with EBF, most commonly from their husbands and mothers. Having family support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.1, 95%, CI 1.2–3.6; P = 0.005), having frequent breaks at work (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI, 1.4–4.8; P = 0.002) and the possibility of buying or borrowing required equipment for expressing breast milk (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI, 1.0–3.0; P = 0.033) were statistically associated with an increased chance of EBF. Conclusion Although returning to work was reported by the study participants as the main reason for discontinuation of EBF, families and managers’ support play significant roles in EBF continuation, which in the absence of six-month’s maternity leave for employed women in Ethiopia would be of benefit to both mothers and children.

Work-Related Negative Experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Duro Martín
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
Organizational Distance

This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between poor employee well-being (PEWB) and work-related mental ill-health and substance consumption (MIH). It is proposed as a unification model that links both work-related negative consequences on the basis of the experiences of threat, loss, and frustration at work. PEWB contains the following elements: emotional discomfort, bodily uneasiness, organizational distance, task impairment, and dragging workday; and MIH includes work-related anxiety, depression, irritability, cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug consumption, and physical illness. Six hundred ninety-seven participants, working in a wide range of jobs and occupations, completed the survey. Results indicated that PEWB and MIH are significantly associated, after controlling for demographic and personal factors. Sense sharing between PEWB-MIH and PEWB element combination explained the relationships between both constructs. These findings could be helpful for organizations interested in preserving and improving worker mental health.

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in western Bhutan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Pokhrel ◽  
Patcharanee Pavadhgul ◽  
Suwat Srisorrachatr
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Breastfeeding is widely accepted in Bhutan but there are wide range of practices, some of which are not in accordance with the recommendations of WHO. In 2015 the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding under six months of age, in western region was only 33.8% while the national rate was 51.4%. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in western Bhutan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 220 mothers with children 6-12 months of age attending the Maternal and Child Health clinics of three hospitals in western Bhutan. Data collection was done by a face-to-face interview in April 2017. Chi-square test was used to assess the association and all the significant variables were included in the multivariate model adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at six months was 35.9%. Multivariate logistic regression detected significant association of exclusive breastfeeding with parity(ORadjusted 2.80; 95% CI 1.36-5.78), knowledge (ORadjusted 2.09; 95% CI 1.09-4.00), family income (ORadjusted 2.26; 95% CI 1.10- 4.65), early initiation of breastfeeding (ORadjusted 6.28; 95% CI 1.90-20.70), and care giver (ORadjusted 3.56; 95% CI 1.19-10.59). Mothers’ perception that the child feels thirsty was the most important reason to stop exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: The study identified breastfeeding education as a definite measure to improve the rates of exclusive breastfeeding in western Bhutan. The study recommends to educate mothers that water is not required for the baby until six months of age and to include fathers in breastfeeding education sessions. The study also recommends to strengthen lactation management clinic.

Breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Panchayat in Pathanamthitta District

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswathy S. ◽  
Lakshmi M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The study was aimed to assess the breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Gramapanchayat in Kerala. Study was a community based cross-sectional study among mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat using a pretested questionnaire. 142 breastfeeding mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat were studied and mothers who were not present at home during the study were excluded from the study. Study period consisted of 18 days between December 2015 and January 2016. Study variables includes type of delivery, initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding practices and role of ASHAs in promoting good breastfeeding practices. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and T test. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding has been done by 68.3% of mothers. There is no practice of giving pre-lacteal feed, 95.8% of mothers have given colostrum to the new born. Statistically significant association was found between the type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding (p less than 0.05). Time of initiation of breastfeeding was prolonged in case of Caesarean section. 49.3% of mothers have breastfed the baby within one hour. 55.6% of mothers were informed about importance of breastfeeding by ASHAs and only 20.4% of mothers were informed about period of exclusive breastfeeding and period of complimentary feeding by ASHAs.

scholarly journals Kinematic Analysis of Lower Limb Joint Asymmetry during Gait in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Bruno Leban ◽  
Michela Deidda ◽  
Federica Putzolu ◽  
Micaela Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Edss Score ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The majority of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS), report lower limb motor dysfunctions, which may relevantly affect postural control, gait and a wide range of activities of daily living. While it is quite common to observe a different impact of the disease on the two limbs (i.e., one of them is more affected), less clear are the effects of such asymmetry on gait performance. The present retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the magnitude of interlimb asymmetry in pwMS, particularly as regards the joint kinematics, using parameters derived from angle-angle diagrams. To this end, we analyzed gait patterns of 101 pwMS (55 women, 46 men, mean age 46.3, average Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.5, range 1–6.5) and 81 unaffected individuals age- and sex-matched who underwent 3D computerized gait analysis carried out using an eight-camera motion capture system. Spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics in the sagittal plane at hip, knee and ankle joints were considered for the analysis. The angular trends of left and right sides were processed to build synchronized angle–angle diagrams (cyclograms) for each joint, and symmetry was assessed by computing several geometrical features such as area, orientation and Trend Symmetry. Based on cyclogram orientation and Trend Symmetry, the results show that pwMS exhibit significantly greater asymmetry in all three joints with respect to unaffected individuals. In particular, orientation values were as follows: 5.1 of pwMS vs. 1.6 of unaffected individuals at hip joint, 7.0 vs. 1.5 at knee and 6.4 vs. 3.0 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases), while for Trend Symmetry we obtained at hip 1.7 of pwMS vs. 0.3 of unaffected individuals, 4.2 vs. 0.5 at knee and 8.5 vs. 1.5 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, the same parameters were sensitive enough to discriminate individuals of different disability levels. With few exceptions, all the calculated symmetry parameters were found significantly correlated with the main spatio-temporal parameters of gait and the EDSS score. In particular, large correlations were detected between Trend Symmetry and gait speed (with rho values in the range of –0.58 to –0.63 depending on the considered joint, p < 0.001) and between Trend Symmetry and EDSS score (rho = 0.62 to 0.69, p < 0.001). Such results suggest not only that MS is associated with significantly marked interlimb asymmetry during gait but also that such asymmetry worsens as the disease progresses and that it has a relevant impact on gait performances.

scholarly journals Minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6–23 months in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mbusa Kambale ◽  
Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka ◽  
Joe Bwija Kasengi ◽  
Sarah Niyitegeka ◽  
Boss Rutakaza Cinkenye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
South Kivu

Abstract Background Suboptimal child nutrition remains the main factor underlying child undernutrition in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study including 742 mothers with children aged 6–23 months old was conducted in 2 Health Zones of South Kivu, Eastern DRC. WHO indicators of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) regarding complementary feeding practices were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association between sociodemographic indicators and adequate minimum acceptable diet for both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Overall, 33% of infants had minimum acceptable diet. After controlling for a wide range of covariates, residence urban area (AOR 2.39; 95% CI 1.43, 3.85), attendance postnatal care (AOR 1.68; 95% CI 1.12, 2.97), education status of mother (AOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.20, 2.77) and household socioeconomic status (AOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.14, 2.59) were factors positively associated with minimum acceptable diet. Conclusion Actions targeting these factors are expected to improve infant feeding practices in South Kivu.

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