scholarly journals Pattern of ocular Diseases among Children under Five Years of Age in Southeast, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna ◽  
Apakama Akunne Ijeoma ◽  
Chianakwalam Emeka Akujuobi ◽  
Amobi Miriam-Benigna Chika
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Eye Clinic ◽  
Children Under 5

Background:  Children under 5 years are prone to ocular disorders which could be congenital or acquired. Early recognition of these conditions and timely intervention enhances optimum results. There is paucity of data on the pattern of ocular disorders among these children in Nigeria and this makes it difficult for policy makers to plan health systems that will target this very important group of the population.  Aim: To determine the pattern of ocular diseases among children less than 5 years of age in Onitsha, Anambra state Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study of children under 5 years of age that presented to City of Refuge Specialist Eye Clinic Onitsha, Nigeria between January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2020. Their case files were retrieved and relevant information extracted. Sociodemographics, month of presentation to the eye clinic and diagnoses were analyzed. Results: A total of 133 children were studied. The patients comprised 85 (63.9%) males and 48 (36.1%) females, with an approximate male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Eye diseases seen were both congenital 32(24.1%) and acquired 101 (75.9%). Of the congenital type, 20 (62.5%) were males, while 12 (37.5%) were females. Most common ocular morbidities recorded were allergic conjunctivitis 41(30.8%) and infective conjunctivitis 34(25.6%). Conclusion: Most of the causes of ocular morbidity in this study were preventable or treatable. Therefore, early detection and management of eye diseases in children will reduce complications in later life.

scholarly journals Profile of Ophthalmological Diseases in Out-Patients of Shree Birendra Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raj Bist ◽  
Sagar Rajkarnikar ◽  
Anu Gurung ◽  
Pratik Chetry
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Introduction: The causes of blindness and the pattern of eye diseases differ in developing and developedcountries and often in communities. A study of the pattern of ocular diseases is very important because whilesome eye conditions are just causes of ocular morbidity others invariably lead to blindness.Methods: This was a retrospective study including all the cases which attended the department of Ophthalmologyof Shree Birendra Hospital in April 2010 to April 2011.Results: A total of 17988 patients were seen during the study period with mean age 39.95 ± 18.94 years, maleto female ratio of 51.02: 48.92% in the department of Ophthalmology. Among them 4779 were regular servingarmy personnel and 13209 were ex-army and army families. The largest number of cases were seen in lensrelated disease (25.19%), followed by conjunctival and scleral disease (24.29%).Conclusions: The pattern of eye disease varies in different age groups. In younger age group conjunctival,scleral disease and refractive error were commonly seen whereas in elder age group lens disorder was frequentlyseen. The number of blind patients was more in females than in male patients.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12917  

Cell-based therapy for ocular disorders: A promising frontier

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ahani-Nahayati ◽  
Vahid Niazi ◽  
Alireza Moradi ◽  
Bahareh Pourjabbar ◽  
Reza Roozafzoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ocular Disorders

: As the ocular disorders causing long-term blindness or optical abnormalities of the ocular tissue affect the quality of life of patients to a large extent, awareness of their corresponding pathogenesis and the earlier detection and treatment need more consideration. Though current therapeutics result in desirable outcomes, they do not offer an inclusive solution for development of visual impairment to blindness. Accordingly, stem cells, because of their particular competencies, have gained extensive attention for application in regenerative medicine of ocular diseases. In the last decades, a wide spectrum of stem cells surrounding mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), neural stem cells (NSCs), and embryonic/induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/iPSCs) accompanied by Müller glia, ciliary epithelia-derived stem cells, and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) stem cells have been widely investigated to report their safety and efficacy in preclinical models and also human subjects. In this regard, in the first interventions, RPE cell suspensions were successfully utilized to ameliorate visual defects of the patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after subretinal transplantation. Herein, we will explain the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and highlight the novel discoveries and recent findings in the context of stem cell-based therapies in these disorders, focusing on the in vivo reports published during the last decade.

scholarly journals Autophagy and Age-Related Eye Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Xinan Pan ◽  
Xiaorui Zhao ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Mingpu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Catabolic Process

Background. Autophagy is a catabolic process that depends on the lysosome. It is usually used to maintain cellular homeostasis, survival and development by degrading abnormal substances and dysfunctional organelles, especially when the cell is exposed to starvation or other stresses. Increasing studies have reported that autophagy is associated with various eye diseases, of which aging is one of the important factors. Objective. To summarize the functional and regulatory role of autophagy in ocular diseases with aging, and discuss the possibility of autophagy-targeted therapy in age-related diseases. Methods. PubMed searches were performed to identify relevant articles published mostly in the last 5 years. The key words were used to retrieve including “autophagy”, “aging”, “oxidative stress AND autophagy”, “dry eye AND autophagy”, “corneal disease AND autophagy”, “glaucoma AND autophagy”, “cataract AND autophagy”, “AMD AND autophagy”, “cardiovascular diseases AND autophagy”, “diabetes AND autophagy”. After being classified and assessed, the most relevant full texts in English were chosen. Results. Apart from review articles, more than two research articles for each age-related eye diseases related to autophagy were retrieved. We only included the most relevant and recent studies for summary and discussion. Conclusion. Autophagy has both protective and detrimental effects on the progress of age-related eye diseases. Different types of studies based on certain situations in vitro showed distinct results, which do not necessarily coincide with the actual situation in human bodies completely. It means the exact role and regulatory function of autophagy in ocular diseases remains largely unknown. Although autophagy as a potential therapeutic target has been proposed, many problems still need to be solved before it applies to clinical practice.

Fever and acquired torticollis in hospitalized children

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Mezue ◽  
Z. M. Taha ◽  
E. M. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Grisel’S Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Acute torticollis due to non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation (AAS) is often seen in children presenting with inflammatory conditions of the upper respiratory tract and the neck. Grisel’s syndrome is the eponym given to this condition. These patients may present earlier in the disease process without evident subluxation. Thus, early recognition of the condition with prompt commencement of appropriate conservative treatment could halt the progression into Grisel’s syndrome. The purpose of this study is to address the importance of early recognition of inflammatory torticollis that can be treated successfully by conservative methods.A retrospective review was made of the case files and radiological investigations of 13 children with fever and torticollis who were treated in the neurosurgery unit of Hamad General Hospital in Qatar, over a two-year period from July 1996 to July 1998. The children were aged between three and 12 years with a male to female ratio of 3:1. All patients arrived at the hospital within 48 hours of onset of torticollis and almost all had manifestations of upper respiratory tract or head and neck infections. Radiological examination by cervical spine X-rays, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed that only three cases out of 13 had AAS. All patients underwent conservative treatment that included rest, neck collar, simple analgesics and antibiotics, where appropriate. A muscle relaxant was used in nine cases and Halter traction was applied to the three with AAS. All patients responded well to treatment and none required surgical intervention for AAS.We conclude that the majority of children presenting acutely with inflammatory torticollis have rotational deformity only without AAS. Progression to the latter, i.e. Grisel’s syndrome, may be aborted should the diagnosis be made early and conservative treatment initiated in time. On the other hand, delay in diagnosis would deprive these children an opportunity of receiving effective conservative treatment.

scholarly journals Pattern of eye diseases among participants of free eye screening program in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Emem G. Abraham ◽  
Emmanuel O. Megbelayin
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Age Related

Background: Vision screening can help discover some problems hitherto unknown to the patient but it is also a fact that many other disease conditions may also be missed during screening depending on the qualification and skill of those carrying out the test and the available instruments for screening. Eye diseases differ from country to country and even within the same country from community to community and knoweledge of the disease pattern in a given environment is critical for planning of appropraite intervention programs.Methods: Free eye health intervention program was carried out and patients were inially screened by optometrists and ophthalmic nurses for cataract, presbyopia and other minor ophthalmic problems. Patients that had other problems including complicated cataract were referred for further consultation with the ophthalmologists in the field..Results: Of the 547 who were further screened by the ophthalmologists in the field 243 (44.4%) were males and 304 (55.6%) were females with male to female ratio of 1: 1.25. The age range was 1-87 years. The mean(SD) age was 51.27years, median 53years, and mode was 60 years. Cataract and its related problem was the commonest condition139(25.4%), followed by glaucoma 78(14.3%). Age related macular degeneration(AMD) was the commonest posterior segment finding 27(4.9%)  while corneal opacity 11(2.0%) was the commonest anterior segment finding and 19(3.5%) were bilaterally blind.Conclusions: The eye health indices of the people as shown by the disease prevalence and the number of those bilaterally blind are still very poor.

scholarly journals Myasthenia Gravis in Patients with Histopathologically Diagnosed Thymoma at Sanglah General Hospital: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Desak Putu Gayatri Saraswati Seputra ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Sri Mahendra Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Female Ratio

Introduction: Thymoma is a neoplasm of the thymus gland which arises from the epithelial tissue. Thymoma is frequently related to various paraneoplastic syndromes, most commonly myasthenia gravis. Up to 50% of patients with thymoma are reported to develop myasthenia gravis, whereas 10–15% of patients with myasthenia gravis are found to have thymoma. Case Presentation: This case series reported 3 patients with myasthenia gravis which co-occurred with thymoma at Sanglah General Hospital from 2018 to 2019. The patients’ ages range from 33 to 61 years (mean age 46 ± 11 years) with a 2:1 male-to-female ratio. The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was made by the presentation of typical myasthenia gravis appearances, the fluctuating intensity of ocular and bulbar muscle weakness (all three cases), and limbs and axial muscle weakness (one case); no respiratory muscle involvement was found. Physical and supporting examinations including electroneuromyography results were coherent with myasthenia gravis. The diagnosis of thymoma was made by highly suggestive appearance in Thorax Multi Sliced Computed Tomography (MSCT) scan examination and histopathologic findings. MSCT scan examination showed a well-circumscribed ovoid solid mass in the mediastinum (left anterosuperior, superior, and anterior to middle right mediastinum) sized from 1.8x1.5x2.9 cm to 8.1x9.9x9.7 cm, enhanced with contrast injection with areas of calcification and central necrotic (1 case) and no dissemination to regional lymph node and neighboring organs. All cases received acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and underwent extended thymectomy. Histopathological examination showed accordance with thymoma features of subtype A, AB, and B1.Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of the thymoma and myasthenia gravis co-existence possibility to ensure early recognition and appropriate management.

Protein Microarrays: Valuable Tools for Ocular Diseases Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (27) ◽  
pp. 4549-4566
Author(s):  
María Garranzo-Asensio ◽  
Ana Montero-Calle ◽  
Guillermo Solís-Fernández ◽  
Rodrigo Barderas ◽  
Ana Guzman-Aranguez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Protein Microarrays ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Age Related

: The eye is a complex organ comprised of several compartments with exclusive and specialized properties that reflect their diverse functions. Although the prevalence of eye pathologies is increasing, mainly because of its correlation with aging and of generalized lifestyle changes, the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of many common ocular diseases remain poorly understood. Therefore, there is an unmet need to delve into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of eye diseases to preserve ocular health and reduce the incidence of visual impairment or blindness. Proteomics analysis stands as a valuable tool for deciphering protein profiles related to specific ocular conditions. In turn, such profiles can lead to real breakthroughs in the fields of ocular science and ophthalmology. Among proteomics techniques, protein microarray technology stands out by providing expanded information using very small volumes of samples. : In this review, we present a brief summary of the main types of protein microarrays and their application for the identification of protein changes in chronic ocular diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The validation of these specific protein alterations could provide new biomarkers, disclose eye diseases pathways, and help in the diagnosis and development of novel therapies for eye pathologies.

Pattern and Distribution of Ocular Morbidity in Primary School Children of Rural Delhi

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Chaturvedi ◽  
O. P. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

A total of 679 primary school children drawn from developed southern parts and underdeveloped eastern parts of Delhi were examined for ocular morbidity. Their age range was 5-15 years and both sexes had almost equal representation. The prevalence of eye diseases was relatively high. Over 40 percent of all the children studied had one or more ocular problems. Trachoma (18%) was the most common ocular morbidity followed by vitamin A deficiency (10.6%), visual acuity <6/9 (7.4%) and apparent / latent squint (7.4%). In most of these eye disorders, the majority of the children came from the underdeveloped eastern parts of Delhi. Ocular morbidity seems to be unevenly distributed in rural Delhi with a significantly worse picture in the underdeveloped eastern parts, across the river ‘Yamuna’. Though blinding trachoma may cease to be a major problem in India, the country continues to have endemic pockets of its non-blinding form. One puzzling observation was that children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) did not show any specific vulnerability to ocular diseases. In fact, those with normal weight-height index were having a higher share of eye diseases. Though this issue needs to be explored further in the light of biological plausibility, it appears that children who do not have PEM are also exposed to ocular diseases at least with comparable risk.

Review of Netrarog Hetu according to modern lifestyle.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranal V. Nandvikar
Keyword(s):  
Sense Organ ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
New Era ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Measures ◽  
Ocular Health

Prevention of ocular disorders and preservation of ocular health has become essential, as changing lifestyle has resulted in many eye disorders and brought miseries to daily life. Our ancient seers have also given prime importance to eye by considering it as the most vital sense organ among all the sense organs. If the causative factors are not addressed this can lead to more serious diseases. Stopping the causative factor itself is a treatment. Ayurveda found to describe vividly about ocular health and hygiene. Asssociation between such faulty lifestyle measures and subsequent eye diseases are searched and reviewed from different Ayurvedic literature and online sources. Thus assessment was made to invest knowledge of ancient science for fulfilling the growing demand of mankind in new era. When it is assessed the path of application gets flourished as a science.  As prevention is better than cure, attempt is  made to analyse Netraroga hetus ( causative factors of eye diseases ) due to modern lifestyle and made is easy to be understood by everyone to understand and modify lifestyle.

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