Mid-afternoon Outdoor Biometeorological Conditions in a Hot-humid Climate of Minna in Nigeria, West Africa during the Year 2012

The human biometeorological conditions at mid-afternoon during 12 months of 2012 in the city of Minna North-Central Nigeria have been evaluated based on energy budget indices (UTCI and PET) using climate parameters -air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation) observed at 15:00LST as input into the Rayman model. Air temperature demonstrated strongest significant correlation coefficient (r) with UTCI and PET (r= 0.91, r= 0.93) (P<0.0001) while windspeed show weakest association with them(r=-0.10, r=-0.20) (P<0.03, P<0.001) respectively. March and August were characterized by peak and slightest monthly thermal stress conditions according to both indices. The correlation coefficient between both indices was significantly (P<0.0001) very strong (r=0.98) and more noticeable for equivalent temperatures in strong stress thresholds (UTCI>=32°C, PET>=35°C), which shows that both indices can be used indifferently in warm climates. However, during May to October, UTCI better expressed warm conditions than PET mainly due to the difference in the definition of reference environment for both indices; this study is relevant to the urban sightseeing industry as tourists would most likely opt for a period of lesser thermal discomfort.

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The Role of Vegetation in Reducing Anthropogenic CO2 in Bogor City

Agromet ◽

10.29244/j.agromet.32.1.42-50 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Ariesta Kusuma Wardhani ◽

Bregas Budianto ◽

Yon Sugiarto

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Fuel Combustion ◽

Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Anova Test ◽

The Difference ◽

The City ◽

One Way Anova

Vegetation has a role in reducing CO2 from anthropogenic activities through photosynthesis. Fuel combustion is one of the activities that greatly contribute to CO2 emissions. As a city with many destinations, the possibility of CO2 emissions will increase in Bogor especially on holidays because of motorized vehicle from other cities. This research aims to determine the absorption capability of vegetation in Bogor City in reducing CO2 emitted from fuel combustion. We analyzed CO2 data for 2017 by day to obtain traffic levels in the city assuming that people mobility using vehicle was influenced by day. Then we separated CO2 data into slow and fast photosynthesis rate based on air temperature. We determined the absorption capability of vegetation at daily basis by calculating the difference between the min and the max of CO2 concentration divided by the min of CO2. Our results showed that the lowest CO2 level was in Sunday. On that day, the average air temperatur was high indicating the less CO2 concentration. Our one-way Anova test confirmed this finding. The finding revealed that the absorption capability of vegetation to reduce anthropogenic CO2 was still limited. To implement Bogor as green city, more vegetations and gardens are needed to balance an increased CO2.

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Investigation on the Temperature Distribution of Asphalt Overlay on the Existing Cement Concrete Pavement in Hot-Humid Climate in Southern China

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/2984650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Zuzhong Li ◽

Yayun Zhang ◽

Chunguang Fa ◽

Xiaoming Zou ◽

Haiwei Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Concrete Pavement ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Temperature Prediction ◽

Asphalt Overlay ◽

Hot Humid Climate

Temperature is known to be one of the most important factors affecting the design and performance of asphalt concrete pavement. The distresses of asphalt overlay are closely related to its temperature, particularly in Guangxi, a hot-humid-climate region in China. This research is to analyze the impact of meteorological factors on temperature at 2 cm depth in asphalt overlay by ReliefF algorithm and also obtain the temperature prediction model using MATLAB. Two test sites were installed to monitor the temperatures at different pavement depths from 2014 to 2016; meanwhile, the meteorological data (including air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity) were collected from the two meteorological stations. It has been found that the temperature at 2 cm depth experiences greater temperature variation, and the maximum and minimum temperatures of asphalt overlay, respectively, occur at 2 cm depth and on the surface. Besides, the results of ReliefF algorithm have also shown that the temperature at 2 cm depth is affected significantly by solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and the relative humidity. Based on these analyses, the prediction model of maximum temperature at 2 cm depth is developed using statistical regression. Moreover, the data collected in 2017 are used to validate the accuracy of the model. Compared with the existing models, the developed model was confirmed to be more effective for temperature prediction in hot-humid region. In addition, the analysis of rutting depth and overlay deformation for the two test sections with different materials is done, and the results have shown that reasonable structure and materials of asphalt overlay are vital to promote the high-temperature antideforming capability of pavement.

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The Meteorological Impact to the Air Temperature on a Sub-Tropical City

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.374 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 905 ◽

pp. 374-378

Author(s):

Chih Hong Huang ◽

John Cua Aganda

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

Wave Radiation ◽

Urban Air ◽

Temperature Pattern ◽

Long Wave ◽

The Difference ◽

Meteorological Impact ◽

The City ◽

Long Wave Radiation

This study will center on the meteorological impact of clouds and its influence to the urban air temperature. Quantitative assessment over the behavior and temperature pattern was done using a five-year data of meteorological parameters obtain from the local weather and climate bureau. Urban heat island (UHI) is defined as the increased air temperature of the city over its surrounding sub-urban and rural areas and in this case of a five-year summer period of Taipei, Taiwan were heat temperatures are higher and can go beyond 39°C, acting dominant meteorological cloud cover factor is observe for its effect in temperature pattern. Analysis of local heat characteristics suggests the possibility of the believed theory Urban-scaled greenhouse effect that maybe affecting the patterns of the urban air temperature. An urban-scaled greenhouse effect is a theory that implies; when dense cloud covers the city, most of the supposed released long wave radiation or heat energy is trapped and reflected back by the dense clouds, creating a body of conserved heat that is prolonged in the area. The duration of conserved heat (DCH) is measured by the difference of the diurnal maximum and minimum temperature. To assess the value of the theory the daily cloud amount (CA) and its relationship with the DCH was tested with regression analysis. Calm days with the complete cycle of maximum and minimum temperature accordingly were selected and tested. The five-year average (2008 – 2012) resulted in a regression value of R2 = 0.072. Although the years 2011 & 2012 showed a higher regression value of R2 = 0.265 and R2 = 0.104 respectively, certainly enough the data of years 2011 and 2012 revealed a higher ratio of days with less combination of high wind speed and rainfall which created less fluctuations. Trend pattern for the five summers showed similarities. Some days showed fluctuation but no negative trend of correlation was detected. The heat intensity (HI) is another type of temperature pattern that was observed against CA and DCH, it is characterized by the difference of maximum and minimum diurnal temperature. Suggestive with our analysis, all five-year summertime data of HI showed negative correlation with the CA and DCH, attesting a faster release of long wave radiation when clouds are less.

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Indoor Thermal Performance of Ventilated Dwellings Using Fly Screens in the Hot-Humid Climate of Chennai, India

Journal of Green Building ◽

10.3992/jgb.4.2.150 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 150-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vijayalaxmi J ◽

S.P Sekar

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Summer Period ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Floor Area ◽

Hot Humid Climate ◽

Heating Up

In a hot-humid tropical climate, indoor thermal performance can be enhanced by comfort ventilation. Indoor ventilation depends upon building opening size. But risks involved in providing openings include ingress of mosquitoes and insects which thrive in the tropical climate. A practical and prevalent option to prevent insects in ventilated dwellings of the tropical, hot-humid city of Chennai, India is through the use of fly screens. Fly screens, when used over openings, prevent a certain quantum of solar radiation and wind from entering inside the rooms. Reduced direct solar radiation prevents the indoors from heating up, while reduced wind movement prevents the cross ventilation. Therefore, it is important to know the indoor thermal performance of ventilated rooms in the presence of fly screens with changing opening sizes. The criterion to evaluate indoor thermal performance in this paper is indoor air temperature. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of fly screens on openings with varying sizes, in a naturally ventilated dwelling in the hot-humid climate of Chennai, India, during the summer period. The results of the study show that fly screens raise the indoor air temperature when openings are in the range of 100% to 35% of the room floor area. There is no significant change in the indoor air temperature when the opening sizes are less than 30% of the room floor area.

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Integrated method for cities air temperature estimation

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2240 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Jérémy Bernard ◽

Marjorie Musy ◽

Isabelle Calmet ◽

Erwan Bocher ◽

Pascal Kéravec

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Python Language ◽

Spatial Differences ◽

The Difference ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

The City

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is defined as the air temperature difference between the city and its surrounding areas. This phenomenon varies spatially (depending on the type of urban fabric constituting each neighborhood) and temporally (depending on the time of the day, on the season and on the weather conditions). This contribution proposes a methodology to model the UHI spatially and temporally using simple models built with free and open sources softwares (orbisGIS and python language). Ten air temperature sensors have been implemented in several neighborhoods of the Nantes urban area (a west coast french conurbation). The difference of UHI is observed and modeled for each of those sites. Spatial differences are modeled according to geographical indicators characterizing the urban surroundings of each temperature station. Temporal variations are modeled according to weather conditions (such as wind speed, solar radiations, etc.) for different time scales : diurnal and nocturnal differences, daily variations and seasonal variations. The objective is to create a method which may be applied for any city in France. Geographical indicators are then calculated with OrbisGIS software from geographical data which are homogeneous and available at the french territory scale. Wheather conditions are recorded by MeteoFrance stations, which follow the same standard for the measurement of climatic parameters all around France. Climatic data analysis and modeling are performed with Python language using libraries such as Pandas and StatsModels. Modeled established according to the Nantes temperature dataset are verificated according to new air temperature networks implemented in the city of Nantes as well as other cities of west France (Angers, La Roche-sur-Yon).

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Retrofitting solutions for a campus building to mitigate urban heat island in a hot humid climate

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2042 (1) ◽

pp. 012062

Author(s):

Vajreshwari Patil ◽

Maite Bizcarguenaga ◽

Katherine Lieberknecht ◽

Juliana Felkner

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Cooling Effect ◽

Heat Island ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Temperature Reduction ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Hot Humid Climate

Abstract In this study we examine the summer cooling effects of trees and green facades on reducing urban heat island effects. Using ENVI-met model simulations, we investigate the influence of added greenery on the surface and ambient air temperature and its role on air fluctuations in the hot humid climate of Austin, TX, at pedestrian height. Under the specific conditions considered in this model, the results show the combination of trees and green facades has a greater cooling effect. Added greenery to the building mostly impacts the building's surface temperature during the hottest hours of the day, registering a maximum surface temperature reduction of 20.33°C. Simulations also show a maximum overall potential air temperature reduction of 0.54°C, and a maximum potential air temperature cooling effect near the building of 0.91°C. Future research should be conducted to address this study's limitations. Nevertheless, these findings can provide architects, designers, planners, and policymakers with a better understanding of the many benefits trees and green facades have, and provide them with the necessary tools to implement new solutions across sectors and scales to reduce the impacts urban areas have on the environment and provide a better living for all.

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Influence of Courtyard Ventilation on Thermal Performance of Office Building in Hot-Humid Climate: A Case Study

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183402053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 02053

Author(s):

Esra’a Sh. Abbaas ◽

Ala’eddin A. Saif ◽

MAC Munaaim ◽

Md. Azree Othuman Mydin

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Office Building ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Indoor Sources ◽

Hot Humid Climate

The influence of courtyard on the thermal performance of Development Department office building in University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP, Pauh Putra campus) is investigated through simulation study for the effect of ventilation on indoor air temperature and relative humidity of the building. The study is carried out using EnergyPlus simulator interface within OpenStudio and SketchUp plug in software to measure both of air temperature and relative humidity hourly on 21 April 2017 as a design day. The results show that the ventilation through the windows facing the courtyard has sufficient effect on reducing the air temperature compared to the ventilation through external windows since natural ventilation is highly effective on driving the indoor warm air out to courtyard. In addition, the relative humidity is reduced due to ventilation since the courtyard has high ability to remove or dilute indoor airborne pollutants coming from indoor sources. This indicates that the presence of courtyard is highly influential on thermal performance of the building.

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Thermal Performance of Vertical Courtyard System in Office Buildings Under Typical Hot Days in Hot-Humid Climate Area: A Case Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12072591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2591

Author(s):

Jin Wei ◽

Fangsi Yu ◽

Haixiu Liang ◽

Maohui Luo

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Office Buildings ◽

Radiation Environment ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Hot Days ◽

Cooling Effects ◽

Hot Humid Climate

Due to the different types of courtyards in vertical courtyard system (VCS), their impacts on thermal performance in office buildings may vary. To better understand this issue, this paper investigates the thermal performance impact of three typical vertical courtyards. A field case study was conducted in VCSs during two typical extreme hot days under hot-humid climate conditions. The results show that the vertical courtyards have significant cooling effects under hot-humid climatic conditions. Via testing on linear, integrated, and rooftop courtyard with fusion layout, the fusion one has an obviously positive impact on air temperature reduction (4.3 °C). Compared with the linear and integrated courtyards, the maximum air temperature difference of fusion layout is around 1.6 °C. The thermal radiation environment of the fusion layout was better than that of the other two (linear and integrated). Besides, the surface temperature of the pavements (wood panel) in the vertical courtyards can reach 47 °C, while the vegetation can lower it by 8 °C under the same weather conditions. These findings show that the courtyard with fusion layout is more suitable for extreme hot weather conditions.

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Study Effect of Some Atmospheric Elements on COVID-19 Infections in Iraq

Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science ◽

10.23851/mjs.v32i2.987 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Ahmed Fattah Hassoon ◽

Hazim H. Hussain ◽

Nagham T. Ibraheem

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Global Health ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Clear Relationship ◽

Ultraviolet Rays ◽

Northern Province ◽

The Difference ◽

The City

In late 2019 and in Wuhan, a new disease appears, consider as an extension of SARS-COV2 epidemic. This epidemic virus has configured a danger to global health. We studied the effect of some atmospheric elements in Iraq with a number of (COVID-19) infections. In this study daily infections in three regions of Iraq compares with (Tmax-Tmin) and (RH) observed in stations Mosul (represent north region), Baghdad and Rutba (represent middle regions), and Basra (represent south region). It's found that increasing the difference between Tmax and Tmin means more infections, except for the northern province. As for the relative humidity, it is inversely proportional to infections with the correlation coefficient R = -0.6 in Baghdad station, and in the southern province with R = -0.32, and the opposite occurs in the northern province. The results also indicate that increasing the relative humidity to more than 70% was effective in increasing the infections. Solar radiation was studied over the city of Baghdad and its effect on infections because solar radiation contains a large proportion of ultraviolet rays that killed many viruses, the study indicates an inverse relationship because most of the patients are infected in the shade and there is no clear relationship. In late 2019 and in Wuhan, a new decease appears, consider as extension of SARS-COV2 epidemic. This epidemic virus has configured a danger on the global health. We studied the effect of some atmospheric elements in Iraq with number of (COVID-19) infections. At this study daily infections in three regions of Iraq compare with (Tmax-Tmin) and (RH) observed in stations Mosul (represent north region), Baghdad and Rutba (represent middle regions) and Basra (represent south region). It's found that increasing the difference between Tmax and Tmin means more infections, except for the northern province. As for the relative humidity it is inversely proportional to infections with the correlation coefficient R = -0.6 in Baghdad station, and in the southern province with R = -0.32, and the opposite occurs in the northern province. The results also indicate that increasing the relative humidity to more than 70% was effective in increasing the infections. Solar radiation was studied over the city of Baghdad and its effect on infections because solar radiation contains a large proportion of ultraviolet rays that killed many viruses, the study indicates an inverse relationship because most of the patients are infected in the shade and there is no clear relationship.

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“Abd-i memluk” in social perception: The social identity of male slaves according to court records of TrabzonToplumsal algıda “abd-ı memluk”: Trabzon şer’iyye sicillerine göre erkek kölelerin toplumsal kimliği

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v14i3.4704 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 2902

Author(s):

Aslı Deliktaş

Keyword(s):

Social Perception ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Social Rules ◽

Court Records ◽

The People ◽

Legal Sanctions ◽

Long Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

The City

Dating back to archaic ages, Trabzon had hosted several societies before it was conquered in 1461 by Ottomans. Having been dominated by Trabzon Empire for a long time, the city harbored continuous human population and became a city of Muslims with the ultimate conquest of Fatih the Conqueror and Christians’, who had comprised the majority of the population, becoming minority in the region in time. Being among the people comprising the population of the city, slaves did not form a different section of the population by nature of their social roles and positions and did not create a class category within the frame of legal sanctions and social rules. The difference was shaped in having capability with the definition of law, but not any differences that would evoke the differentiation of these positions in daily life applications was observed. In this study, to what extent the slaves were valued by owners of slaves in Trabzon of Ottoman Empire within the dilemma of property-human and therefore the position of slaves in social perception were analyzed, and It was read over the data obtained from Court Records of Trabzon of XVII century that the factors determining the attitudes of family and social environment they were involved in towards slaves were determined either according to the principles specified by Islamic law or within the direction of rules formed beyond these principles.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetTarihi geçmişi antikçağlara dayanan Trabzon 1461’ de Osmanlılar tarafından fethedilmeden önce pek çok topluma ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Uzun bir süre Trabzon İmparatorluğu’nun hâkimiyeti altında kalan kent, kesintisiz bir insan nüfusu barındırmış, Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in kenti nihai olarak fethetmesiyle ve zaman içerisinde nüfusun büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan Hristiyan kesimin bölgede azınlığa düşmesiyle önemli bir Müslüman kenti haline gelmiştir. Şehrin nüfusunu oluşturan insanlar arasında yer alan köleler, toplumsal konum ve rolleri gereği nüfusun farklı bir kesimini oluşturmamış, hukuki müeyyideler ve toplumsal kurallar çerçevesinde sınıfsal bir kategori yaratmamışlardır. Farklılık hukukun tanımı ile ehliyete sahip olma derecelerinde şekillenmiş ancak gündelik hayatın uygulamaları içerisinde bu konumun ayrımını hissettirecek önemli farklılıklar gözlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı Trabzon’unda köle sahibi olan insanların mülk-insan ikilemi arasında köleye ne açıdan değer biçtiği dolayısıyla kölelerin toplumsal algının neresinde yer aldıkları incelenmiş, mensup oldukları aile ve sosyal çevrenin köleye karşı tavrını belirleyen etkenlerin İslam hukukunun belirlediği prensipler dâhilinde mi yoksa bu prensiplerin ötesinde oluşturulan yargılar çerçevesinde mi şekillendiği XVII. yüzyıl Trabzon Şer’iyye sicillerinden elde edilen veriler üzerinden okunmuştur.

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