scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycaemic, Anti-dyslipidaemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of the Polyherbal Mixture Diarth in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Ojoye N. Briggs ◽  
Kemzi N. Elechi-Amadi ◽  
Chrissie Okobia ◽  
Ferdinand C. Ezeiruaku
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects

Aim: This study evaluates the anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-dyslipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of the polyherbal mixture diarth, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-140 g were used for this study. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan-monohydrate (140 mg/kg body weight). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined using enzymatic methods. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald’s equation. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined using Reitman-Frankel method, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined using the colorimetric phenolphthalein method. Phytochemical analysis was done on the herbal mixture, using classical methods. Results: The results revealed the presence of the phytochemicals saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannins in the polyherbal mixture diarth. The results revealed significantly lower FPG levels in the negative control and treatment groups compared to the diabetic control. FPG level was significantly higher in the glibenclamide treated group, but showed no significant differences in the diarth group and the combination group (glibenclamide + diarth), compared to negative control. TC levels in the diabetic control was significantly higher compared to the negative control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in TC levels in the negative control and the treatment groups. The diabetic control had significantly higher TG level compared to the negative control. TG level in the glibenclamide treated group was not significantly different from that of the diabetic control. TG level in the diarth treated group was significantly lower than the diabetic control, but also significantly higher than that of the negative control. TG levels in the combination group (diarth + glibenclamide) was significantly lower than the diabetic control, and showed no significant difference compared to the negative control. The negative control and treatment groups had significantly higher HDL-C levels compared to the diabetic control. The treatment groups showed no significant difference in HDL-C levels, compared to the negative control. The negative control and treatment groups had significantly lower LDL-C levels compared to the diabetic control. The treatment groups showed no significant difference in LDL-C levels, compared to the negative control. The results show significantly elevated ALT, AST and ALP in the diabetic rats compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The treatment groups showed no significant differences in ALT and AST levels compared to the negative control. Conclusion: 140 mg/kg body weight of alloxan produced significant diabetes in the Wistar rats with dyslipidaemia and elevated liver enzyme levels. Treatment with the polyherbal mixture diarth showed anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-dyslipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects. The effects were equipotent compared to treatment with glibenclamide, thus could be incorporated in the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of the Polyherbal Drug Glucoblock and Glibenclamide in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
E. S. Bartimaeus ◽  
D. Tamuno-Emine ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The increased prevalence of diabetes, and the huge disease burden on patients has led to an increase in the use of complementary and alternative medicine in diabetes treatment and management. Aim: This study evaluates the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the polyherbal capsule glucoblock and glibenclamide in type 2 diabetic rats. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body Wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined by the ratio of TOS to TAS. Phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal capsule. Results: Mean FPG levels were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups, compared to the diabetic control. Mean FPG level was significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the combination group, but showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the glibenclamide group, and glucoblock group, compared to the negative control. HOMA-IR was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The combination group had significantly higher (p˂0.05) HOMA-IR values, whereas the individual treatment groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the negative control. TOS was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The treatment groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in TOS, compared to the negative control. There was significantly lower (p˂0.05) TAS levels in the diabetic and treatment groups, compared to the negative control. OSI values were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups when compared to the diabetic control. Also, OSI values were significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. SOD was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The treatment groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in SOD levels, compared to the negative control. Conclusion: Increase in total oxidant status and oxidative stress depleted antioxidant parameters. The polyherbal capsule glucoblock was effective when used alone and produced equipotent effect to the treatment with glibenclamide. However, the combination treatment did not fare better. Antioxidant therapy should be used together with antidiabetics in the management of diabetes, and care should be taken in the use herb-drug combinations.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Oxidative Changes in High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Metformin and the Polyherbal Diawell

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
D. Tamuno-Emine ◽  
N. Nsirim ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxidant Status

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic, with a huge disease burden on the patients. This has led to an increase in the use of herbal remedies and combination therapies to reduce this burden. Aim: This study evaluates the biochemical and oxidative changes in type 2 diabetic rats, treated with metformin and the polyherbal drug diawell. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined by the ratio of TOS to TAS. Phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal tablet. Results: Mean FPG levels were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups, except the group administered diawell, which was not significantly different (p>0.05), compared to the diabetic control. Mean FPG levels were significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the metformin group, diawell group, but showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the combination group, compared to the negative control. HOMA-IR was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The metformin and diawell groups had significantly higher (p˂0.05) HOMA-IR values, whereas the combination (metformin + diawell) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the negative control. TOS was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The metformin and diawell groups had significantly higher (p˂0.05) TOS values, whereas the combination (metformin + diawell) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the negative control. There was significantly lower (p˂0.05) TAS levels in the diabetic and treatment groups, compared to the negative control. OSI values were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups when compared to the diabetic control. Also, OSI values were significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Conclusion: There was depletion of antioxidant parameters and an increase in oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. Administration of metformin and the polyherbal tablet diawell individually, were not effective in correcting the pathological and biochemical changes associated with diabetes. However, the combination treatment produced a better glycaemic response and attenuated the oxidant status in the rats. Antioxidant therapy should be incorporated in diabetes management, and anti-diabetic herbals properly evaluated.

scholarly journals Lipidaemic and Hepatic Status of Type 2 Diabetic Rats Treated with the Polyherbal Capsule Glucoblock

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi ◽  
F. C. Ezeiruaku ◽  
R. E. Teme
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The scourge of diabetes has led to an increase in the use of complementary and alternative medicine. The lack of regulation and control leads to the indiscriminate use of these herbals, with potential risk to patients. Aim: This study evaluates the lipidaemic and hepatic status of type 2 diabetic rats treated with the polyherbal capsule glucoblock. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined using enzymatic methods. Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald’s equation. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) were determined using Reitman-Frankel method, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined using the colorimetric phenolphthalein method. Liver sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique, and phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal capsule. Results: The results show no significant differences in TC levels in all groups compared to the negative control. TG level was significantly higher in the diabetic control group when compared to the negative control. TG level in the singular treatment groups were significantly lower, but the combination group (glibenclamide + glucoblock) showed no significant difference compared to the diabetic control. The negative control had significantly higher HDL-C compared to the diabetic control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in HDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. The negative control had significantly lower LDL-C compared to the diabetic control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in LDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly higher in the diabetic control, but was significantly reduced to normal levels by the treatments. Liver sections of the negative control showed normal histoarchitecture. The diabetic control showed inflammation and fatty deposition. The treatment groups showed a nearly normal histoarchitecture, with fatty deposits. Conclusion: High fat diet in combination with a sub-diabetic dose of streptozotocin produced significant diabetes in the Wistar rats with dyslipidaemia and elevated liver enzyme levels. The anti-diabetic treatments, glibenclamide and glucoblock did not correct the dyslipidaema caused by diabetes. However, the treatments had equipotent hepatoprotective effect and restored liver enzyme levels to normal as well as improving liver histology.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of the Anti-diabetic Polyherbal Drug Diawell in Combination with Metformin on Liver and Lipid Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
H. Brown ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important diseases worldwide. It affects several organ systems including the liver and lipid metabolism. Many herbal formulations have shown anti-diabetic potential, however, their safety and efficacy remain a debate in the medical community. Aim: This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of the anti-diabetic polyherbal drug diawell in combination with metformin on liver enzyme and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic rats. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined using enzymatic methods. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald equation. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined using Reitman-Frankel method, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined using the colorimetric phenolphthalein method. Liver sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique, and phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal tablet. Results: The results show no significant differences in mean TC levels in all groups. TG level was significantly higher in the diabetic control when compared to the negative control. There were no significant differences in TG levels in the metformin group, and diawell group when compared to the diabetic control. TG levels in the combination group (metformin + diawell) was significantly lower versus the diabetic control, and showed no significant difference compared to the negative control. HDL-C was significantly higher in the negative control when compared to the diabetic control and the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in HDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. LDL-C levels were significantly lower in the negative control compared to the diabetic control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in LDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. The diabetic control had significantly higher ALT, AST and ALP levels compared to the negative control and treatment groups. All the treatment groups showed no significant differences in ALT and AST levels compared to the negative control. Liver sections of the negative control showed normal histoarchitecture. The diabetic control showed inflammation and fatty deposition. The treatment groups showed a nearly normal histoarchitecture, with fatty deposits. Conclusion: High fat diet in combination with 45 mg/kg of STZ produced significant diabetes in the Wistar rats with dyslipidaemia and elevated liver enzyme levels. Metformin and the polyherbal tablet diawell had no impact on the lipid levels as it did not correct the dyslipidaema, however, the treatments showed hepatoprotective potentials and restored liver enzyme levels to normal. Lipid lowering drugs should be included in the management of type 2 diabetes, and there should be proper evaluation of anti-diabetic herbal products.

scholarly journals Effect of Carica papaya L. Stem Bark Extracts on Cholesterol Concentration in Rats Induced with Streptosozin

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study was designed to determine the effect of Carica papaya L. stem bark extracts on cholesterol concentration in rats induced with glibenclamide. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment which consisted of 6 treatment groups, each group consisted of four rats, as follows:1) KN (negative control, non-diabetic rats); KP, diabetic rats given glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight; EP 1, diabetic rats given 0 mg/kg body weight/day extract; EP2, diabetic rats given 100 mg/kg body weight/day extract; and EP3, diabetic rats given 200 mg/kg body weight/day extract, EP4, diabetic rats given 300 mg/kg body weight/day extract for 28 day. The results showed that C. papaya L. stem bark extract decreased (P<0.05) cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. It was concluded that C. papaya L. stem bark extract had potential as anti-hypercholesterolemic in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochuko L. Erukainure ◽  
Osaretin A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
Folasade O. Adeboyejo ◽  
Olufunmilola O. Oladunmoye ◽  
Muhammad Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p<0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic effect of Oyster Mushroom mediates through increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding (CREB) protein in Type 2 Diabetic model Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Manoj Mandal ◽  
Rakibuzzaman ◽  
Begum Rokeya ◽  
Liaquat Ali ◽  
Zahid Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and c-AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) are found to be important proteins in metabolic system. AMPK has become the focus as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes. Oyster mushroom is traditionally used as remedy of diabetes and hypertension. The present study aims to observe the stimulation of AMPK and CREB in streptozotocin-induced diabetic model rats through Oyster mushroom administration. Long Evan’s rats were used to create type 2 model diabetic rats through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 90mg/kg body weight of 48hr old pups. Rats were divided into three groups: diabetic control rats, glibenclamide treated diabetic rats (positive control) and mushroom treated diabetic rats (experimental group). Mushroom was administered orally at a dose of 1.25g/kg body weight in semisolid forms. After five weeks rats were sacrificed, serum and tissues were collected for future analysis. Glucose was measured using glucose-oxidase method, lipid profile by enzymaticcolorimetric method. Proteins from different tissues were extracted using RIPA cell lysis buffer, AMPK and CREB were identified using western blot and immuno-precipitation techniques. A significant decreased of fasting glucose was found after 35 days of experiment when it compared with control diabetic rats (M ± SD, mmol/l, Diabetic control group: 8.0±1.1; Mushroom treated diabetic group: 6.4±1.0; p=0.021). Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats have also shown decreased fasting glucose compared to control diabetic rats. In paired ‘t’ test analysis, it has been found that serum fasting glucose level was significantly decreased on 35th day compared the 0 day in both mushroom treated group (p=0.027) and in glibenclamide treated group (p=0.005). Serum TG level was decreased on 35th day compared to 0day in mushroom treated diabetic model rats only (M±SD, mg/dl, 0 day: 84±13; 35th day: 61±6, p=0.002). No significant changes of cholesterol, HDL and LDL were noticed in the experimental groups following treatment with mushroom. Western blot analyses have shown increased band intensity of AMPK and p-CREB in mushroom treated diabetic model rats. Therefore, it can be concluded that Anti-hyperglycemic property of Oyster mushroom could be explained through increased expression of AMPK and activation of CREB.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.661-668

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Diacerein in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Arsalan Uqaili ◽  
Samia Siddiqui ◽  
Roomi Aijaz ◽  
Yar Muhammad Nizammani ◽  
Navaid Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of interleukin-1 inhibitor (diacerein) in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. This experimental study was performed at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam within 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016. Total of 160 adult Albino Wistar Rats having an average of 200 to 300 grams body weights were selected. Animals were categorized into 4 groups as; Group A (n=15): Control rats – receive 0.9% normal saline as placebo Experimental Groups Group B (n=15): Experimental Control (Diabetic rats) - Alloxan50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal. Group C (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (30 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Group D (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (50 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Animals were kept and treated as per the NIH Guideline for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals. Diabetes mellitus was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 milligram/kg alloxan monohydrated dissolved in aseptic 0.9% saline. After 72 hours, blood specimens were taken from the caudal vein of the rats and glucose level>200 mg/dL was taken as diabetes. Experimental rats were given diacerein approximately 30 and 50 mg orally for 6 weeks. At the completion of experiment the body weight was measured of each animal by electronic measuring balance and blood sample was taken from each animal of all groups to assess the blood glucose level and HbA1c level. Data were recorded via self-made proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Average body weight of Diabetic control (Group B) was 193.33±22.50 grams, which was lower in contrast to Diacerein treated group C 202.47±25.70 grams and significantly lower as compared to Diacerein treated group D as  212.6±23.43 grams. A significant increase in blood glucose levels 182.07±10.63 mg/dl was noted in the Diabetic control (Group B) compared to Diacerein treated group C (110.13± 8.54 mg/dl) and group D (85.87±8.41 mg/dl) (P=0.001). HbA1c was markedly raised in the Group B- diabetic controls, while diacerein treated diabetic rats (groups C and D) showed a significant decrease in HbA1c (P=0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that Diacerein achieves the Euglycemic state by reducing the levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Alloxan-Induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Metformin in Combination with a Herbal Capsule (Glucoblock) on Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress Index in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Ojoye N. Briggs ◽  
Kemzi N. Elechi-amadi ◽  
Justice C. Ohaka ◽  
Edna O. Nwachuku ◽  
Bartimaeus S. Ebirien-agana
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Index ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aim: This study evaluated the effects of metformin in combination with a herbal capsule (glucoblock) on insulin resistance and oxidative stress index in type 2 diabetic rats. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined by the ratio of TOS to TAS. Phytochemical analysis on the herbal capsule was done using classical methods. Results: The results revealed the presence of alkaloids (100.31μg/mg), flavonoids (131.45μg/mg), cardiac glycosides (55.93μg/mg) and saponins (61.47μg/mg) in the herbal drug glucoblock. The results showed significantly lower FPG levels in the treatment groups when compared to the diabetic control. Group 3 administered metformin had significantly higher FPG levels compared to the negative control. Group 4 administered the herbal drug glucoblock and group 5 administered a combination of metformin and glucoblock, showed no significant differences in FPG levels when compared to the negative control. The diabetic control had significantly higher FPI levels compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The treatment groups showed no significant differences in FPI levels when compared to the negative control. HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. Also, HOMA-IR values in the treatment groups showed no significant difference compared to the negative control except for group 3 (metformin), that was significantly higher than the negative control. SOD was significantly lower in the diabetic control, compared to the negative control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SOD levels in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. TOS levels in the negative control group and treatment groups were significantly lower, compared to the diabetic control. TAS was significantly lower in the diabetic control and treatment groups compared to the negative control. OSI in the diabetic control was significantly higher, compared to the negative control and treatment groups. Also, the treatment groups had significantly higher OSI compared to the negative control. Conclusion: High fat diet and streptozotocin induction produced significant insulin resistance and oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. Glucoblock was more effective in reducing insulin resistance compared to metformin. The combination showed synergistic drug-herb reaction as glucoblock potentiated the actions of metformin. Both showed antioxidant potential but were not effective in lowering oxidative stress to normal levels. There is need to incorporate antioxidant therapy in the treatment protocol for diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of Fenugreek (Methi) on the Thymic volume in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
DK Mondal ◽  
MM Karim ◽  
S Mohal ◽  
BMA Yousuf ◽  
KM Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) on thymic volume was studied in 30 long Evansrats. Among the total, 10 were treated with only vehicle (non-diabetic control - group A); 10 weretreated with streptozotocin only (diabetic control - group B) and 10 were treated with fenugreek(fenugreek treated - group C). Mean relative thymic volumes were 0.22210.018 ml/100 gm ofcorresponding final body weight (Mean 1 SEM), 0.14710.015 and 0.19910.020 in group A, B and Crespectively. In non-diabetic control group the thymic volume was significantly higher (p=0.005)than that of diabetic control group. In fenugreek treated diabetic group the volume was alsosignificantly higher (p=0.05) from that of diabetic control group and very much nearer to nondiabeticcontrol group (p=0.398). Fenugreek may preserve the thymic volume considerably indiabetic rats.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3892TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 1-4

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