Subacute Toxicity and Hepatoprotective Effects of Sarcocephalus latifolius in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Various studies suggest that mortality due to liver disease in diabetic patients is very high; however, the recognition of DM as the primary cause of chronic liver disease is neglected in medical practice, we therefore evaluated the activities of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaf powder on the liver function of alloxan – induced diabetic rats. Forty-five healthy female albino rats were randomly assigned into 9 different groups; diabetes was induced intraperitonealy with 160 mg/kg of alloxan. Normal and diabetic rats were administered orally with 300, 600, 750 mg/kg/ b.w of S. latifolius. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histological studies. The body weight of the normal and diabetic rats increased significantly with S. latifolius treatment, the increase observed in the blood glucose was brought down upon treatment with S. latifolius leaf powder. The activity of ALT increased significantly with 750 mg/kg of S. latifolius leaf powder, while low dose of the plant decreased it significantly in diabetic rats. GGT activity only decreased in the diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg of S. latifolius whereas albumin increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the groups administered S. latifolius powder relative to the untreated diabetic group. Bilirubin concentration only increased significantly (p<0.05) in the group administered 750 mg/kg of S. latifolius leaf powder. Histological changes including infiltration of the sinusoids and focal area by inflammatory cells and mild portal congestion were observed in all the groups except the normal and diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg of S. latifolius leaf powder. The result of the study showed that S. latifolius could only be encouraged for diabetes management only at low dose and might be hepatotoxic at high dose.

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Effects of Sarcocephalus latifolius Afzel. Ex R.Br. Leaf Powder on the Kidney Function of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Rats

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2021/v16i430296 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 35-46

Author(s):

Olubunmi Simeon Oyekunle ◽

Adewale, Adetutu ◽

Adijat Funke Ogundola

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

High Dose ◽

Creatinine Concentration ◽

Toxicity Potential ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Leaf Powder

This study assessed the effects of Sarcocephalus latifolius Afzel. Ex R.Br. leaf powder on the kidney function of alloxan-induced diabetes rats. Forty-five healthy female albino rats were used in the experiment and assigned into 9 different groups. Diabetes was induced intravenously with 150 mg/kg body weight alloxan. Normal and diabetic rats were administered orally with 300, 600, 750mg/kg/ b.w of S. latifolius. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed and blood with the kidney were harvested for biochemical and histological studies. In our result, significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in creatinine concentration of diabetic rats, which was significantly (p<0.05) decreased upon administration of 300 and 750 mg/kg body weight of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaf powder. No significant (p>0.05) difference was observed in the urea concentration of all the groups. Significant (p<0.05) difference in sodium concentration was only observed between the diabetic untreated and metformin treated groups whereas, potassium concentration varied significantly (p<0.05) across the groups. Certain degenerative changes in the kidney of normal and diabetic rats treated and untreated with S. latifolius leaf powder were observed but at a lower degree in the group treated with the 300 mg/kg/bw of the leaf powder. The result of this study showed the possible renal toxicity potential of the plant at high dose.

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Hypoglycemic and Hepatorenal Effect of Ocimium gratissimium in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i430231 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-48

Author(s):

Igwe Gloria ◽

Nsirim Nduka ◽

G. Tamunoemine Davies ◽

Brown Holy

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Low Dose ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Health Concern ◽

High Dose ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Glucose Reduction

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of public health concern which is caused by pancreatic defect in insulin secretion or failure of the receptor cells to effectively utilize secreted insulin. Diabetes account for 2-3% death in the poorest countries hence the need for alternative control measure. This stud evaluated the hypoglycemic and hepatorenal effect of Ocimium gratissimium and glibenclamide in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty- four rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 4 animals in each group (1,2,3,4,5 & 6), groups 2,3,4,5 & 6 were induced diabetes intraperitoneally with 150 mg\kg alloxan (Sigma Ltd), diabetes was confirmed by fasting blood glucose of >10.0mmol/L. Groups 3,4,5 & 6 were subsequently treated with 400 mg/kg of extract, 5mg glibenclamide, 800 mg/kg of extract, 400 mg/kg extract combined with 5mg glibenclamide respectively. Blood glucose, hepatic function variables (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Total bilirubin (TB) and renal parameters Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Urea were analyzed. The result shows an increase in glucose, hepatic and renal parameters in diabetic induced groups which was significantly reduced in a dose dependent manner in the diabetic treated groups, the high dose of the extract (800mg/kg) was more effective in blood glucose reduction than the standard antidiabetic drug, (5mg glibenclamide). However, 5mg glibenclamide was found to be more effective in blood glucose reduction than the low dose (400mg/kg) extract, the combination of 5mg glibenclamide and 400mg/kg was found to be more effective in blood glucose reduction than the low dose extract. A significant increase was observed in the Total bilirubin and urea parameters of the high dose (800mg/kg) of the extract treated groups and in the combined group (400 mg/kg+5 mg glibenclamide). When compared to the low dose extract group(400mg/kg). Low dose ocimium gratissimium potentiates 5mg glibenclamide in blood glucose reduction. Ocimium gratissimium and glibenclamide decreased blood glucose and ameliorates alloxan induced hepatic and renal damage. The use of the high dose of the extract and the use of the combination of the drug (5mg glibenclamide) and the low dose of the extract in diabetes management may be detrimental to the liver and kidney according to this study.

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Effect of atorvastatin on the angiogenic responsiveness of coronary endothelial cells in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2013-0391 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 338-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kiranj K. Chaudagar ◽

Anita A. Mehta

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Low Dose ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Late Phase ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

High Dose ◽

Atorvastatin Treatment ◽

Coronary Endothelial Cells

Atorvastatin, a lipid lowering agent, possesses various pleiotropic vasculoprotective effects, but its role in coronary angiogenesis is still controversial. Our objective was to study the effects of atorvastatin on the angiogenic responsiveness of coronary endothelial cells (cEC) from normal and diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed among 9 groups; (i) normal rats, (ii) 30 day diabetic rats, (iii) 60 day diabetic rats, (iv) normal rats administered a low dose of atorvastatin (1 mg/kg body mass, per oral (p.o.), for 15 days); (v) 30 day diabetic rats administered a low dose of atorvastatin; (vi) 60 day diabetic rats administered a low dose of atorvastatin; (vii) normal rats administered a high dose of atorvastatin (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days); (viii) 30 day diabetic rats administered a high dose of atorvastatin; (ix) 60 day diabetic rats administered a high dose of atorvastatin. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups, (i) sham ischemia–reperfusion and (ii) rats hearts that underwent ischemia–reperfusion. Angiogenic responsiveness the and nitric oxide (NO) releasing properties of the subgroups of cECs were studied using a chorioallantoic membrane assay and the Griess method, respectively. Atorvastatin treatment significantly increased VEGF-induced angiogenic responsiveness and the NO-releasing properties of cECs from all of the subgroups, compared with their respective non-treated subgroups except for the late-phase diabetic rat hearts that underwent ischemia–reperfusion, and the high dose of atorvastatin treatment groups. These effects of atorvastatin were significantly inhibited by pretreatment of cECs with l-NAME, wortmannin, and chelerythrine. Thus, treatment with a low dose of atorvastatin improves the angiogenic responsiveness of the cECs from normal and diabetic rats, in the presence of VEGF, via activation of eNOS–NO release.

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Dietary Supplementation with Hazelnut Oil Reduces Serum Hyperlipidemia and Ameliorates the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hamsters Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2224

Author(s):

Jen-Her Lu ◽

Kai Hsia ◽

Chih-Hsun Lin ◽

Chien-Chin Chen ◽

Hsin-Yu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Low Dose ◽

Hazelnut Oil ◽

High Dose ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Objective: Hazelnut oil (HO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study intended to analyze the effects of hazelnut oil supplementation on the serum lipid profile and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Methods: Hamsters were fed a basic diet (control group) and an HC diet (HC group) for 16 weeks (n = 10 in each group). Hamsters were fed an HC diet for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and were then fed an HC diet enriched with 5% (low-dose HC + HO group; n = 10) and 10% HO (high-dose HC + HO group; n = 10) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid levels, hepatic changes (including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis), and hepatic prooxidant-antioxidant status (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) were evaluated after the treatment period. Results: Hamsters in the control group showed normal serum lipid profiles, normal liver function, and moderate glycogen storage without hepatic steatosis. Hamsters in the HC group showed severe hyperlipidemia, severe hepatic steatosis, and moderate steatohepatitis (mononuclear cell and neutrophil infiltration, oval cell hyperplasia, and fibrosis). Compared to the HC group, both the low-dose and the high-dose HC + HO groups showed a significant reduction of hyperlipidemia (serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C levels)) and improved liver function (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)). Additionally, compared to the HC group, intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation (IHTC) was significantly higher in the HC + HO group, while the incidence of steatohepatitis was significantly lower. The intake of the HC diet was associated with a higher level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and a lower concentration of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and GST), and all these factors were partially improved in the low-dose and high-dose HC + HO groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the intake of HO reduced serum hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress and ameliorated the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol diet.

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Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MA Hossain ◽

M Mostofa ◽

D Debnath ◽

AKMR Alam ◽

Z Yasmin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Body Weight ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Higher Doses

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250, 500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012

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Low-Dose X-ray CT Reconstruction Algorithm Using Shearlet Sparse Regularization

Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics ◽

10.1166/jmihi.2020.2908 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 620-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dayu Xiao ◽

Xiaotong Zhang ◽

Jianhua Li ◽

Nan Bao ◽

Yan Kang

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

The Body ◽

Ct Scans ◽

High Dose ◽

Projection Data ◽

Reconstruction Technique ◽

Ct Reconstruction ◽

Reconstruction Algorithms ◽

Sparse Regularization ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Computed tomography (CT) scans produce ionizing radiation in the body, and high-dose CT scans may increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, reducing the CT radiation dose is particularly important in clinical diagnosis, which is achieved mainly by reducing projection views and tube current. However, the projection data are incomplete in the case of sparse views, which may cause stripe artifacts in the image reconstructed by the filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm, thereby losing the details of the image. Low current intensity also increases the noise of the projection data, degrading the quality of the reconstructed image. This study aimed to use the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to address the shearlet-based sparse regularization problem, which is subsequently referred to as ADMM-shearlet method. The low-dose projection data were simulated by adding Gaussian noise with zero mean to high-dose projection data. Then FBP, simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique, total variation, and ADMM-shearlet methods were used to reconstruct images. Normalized mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and universal quality index were used to evaluate the performance of different reconstruction algorithms. Compared with the traditional reconstruction algorithms, the ADMM-shearlet algorithm performed well in suppressing the noise due to the low dose while maintaining the image details.

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Low dose daily versus on-demand high dose tadalafil in diabetic patients with erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction

International Journal of Impotence Research ◽

10.1038/s41443-018-0019-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 102-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mustafa Suat Bolat ◽

Onder Cinar ◽

Ekrem Akdeniz ◽

Ramazan Aşcı

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

High Dose ◽

On Demand ◽

Ejaculatory Dysfunction

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Oral Administration of Gongronema latifolium Leaf Extract Modulates Gut Microflora and Blood Glucose of Induced Diabetic Rats

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.15.1.29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 346-355

Author(s):

Ikechukwu K. Chukwudozie ◽

Martina C. Agbo ◽

Kenneth O. Ugwu ◽

Ifeoma M. Ezeonu

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Young Male ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Bacterial Phyla

Studies have suggested that modulation of gut microbiota is a viable therapeutic possibility for diabetes. This study evaluated the ability of an edible plant, Gongronema (G.) latifolium Benth (Asclepiadaceae), to modulate the gut microbiome and reduce blood glucose of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty (30) young, male, albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each: Group 1 comprised normal rats; Groups 2 to 4, diabetic rats treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract, respectively; Group 5, diabetic rats treated with 0.2 mg/Kg glibenclamide (an anti-diabetic drug); and Group 6 comprised untreated diabetic rats. Following induction of diabetes with alloxan injections, the treatments were administered twice daily on a 12-hourly basis by orogastric intubation for 21 days. Thereafter, faecal samples were collected from the animals and subjected to metagenomic analysis, to ascertain the composition and relative abundance of the gut microbiota. There were five dominant bacterial phyla in the rat gut: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetea and Proteobacteria. Induction of diabetes resulted in observable dysbiosis in the rats. However, treatment of the diabetic rats with G. latifolium extract, ameliorated the state of dysbiosis and resulted in significant increase in species like Lactobacillus (L.) johnsonii, L. reuteri and Prevotella corpri, which are associated with improved glucose metabolism. The plant extract produced the best result at the dose of 400 mg/Kg. The results from this study show that G. latifolium may be used as a therapeutic option for restoration of the microbiome in diabetic patients.

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Assessment of cardiovascular and renal functions during treatment with Desmodium adscendens therapy

Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.29328/journal.jccm.1001097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 114-120

Author(s):

Adinoyi Seriki Samuel

Keyword(s):

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Normal Function ◽

The Body ◽

High Dose ◽

Renal Functions ◽

Cardiovascular Performance ◽

Group 2

Desmodium adscendens is a rain forest medicinal herb used in managing quite a number of medical conditions. Its efficacy in the treatment of several diseases has made it a first line herb for doctors, especially in managing all forms of spasm. It is however common knowledge that some of these medicinal herbs impact severely on the normal functioning of some vital organs of the body during their administration. The present study was carried out to assess the renal and cardiovascular performance in subjects undergoing treatment with Desmodium adscendens with a view to advising against its indiscriminate use. The parameters used for the assessment of renal functions were serum creatinine and urea concentrations and their clearance. Also, changes in electrolyte concentration of Sodium, Potassium and Chloride concentration were used to assess cardiovascular performance. The histology of the kidney and heart tissues was also done to determine if the extract has impact on the cyto-architecture of the organs. Twenty-four (24) wistar rats were used for the experiment. The rats were grouped randomly into four groups (n = 6). Group 1 served as control, and the rats in the group were given normal rat feeds and water. Group 2 served as low dose group, and rats in this group were administered with low dose of extract 300 mg/kg. Group 3 served as medium group, and rats in this group were treated with medium dose of extract, 450 mg/kg. Group 4 served as high dose group, and rats in this group were treated with high dose of extract 600 mg/kg. The extract was administered for 28 days. Result showed that the extract did not impact negatively on the normal function of the renal and cardiovascular system of the treated groups, rather it enhanced their performances. It can therefore be concluded that the extract is beneficial to renal and cardiovascular functions if used within the treatment dosage.

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