Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome, Uric Acid and Leisure Time Physical Activity between Former Athletes and Non-Athlees

This study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), overweight and obesity, uric acid (UA), and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) among former athletes and non-athletes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Moreover, to determine the effects of previous high intensity training on MS risk factors, overweight and obesity, and UA. Seventy-five (75) former athletes and twenty-six (26) non-athletes, aged between 26 and 60 years old, participated in this study. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), and blood samples were collected by the researcher. LTPA was reported by participants. The study results showed that 38.61% of former athletes have MS and 17.82% of non-athletes have MS. The study also showed that 31.68% of former athletes were overweight and 26.73% were obese. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among non-athletes was 9.90%. 23.76% of former athletes had high level of UA, whereas 14.85% of non-athletes had high level of UA. According to the study findings 28% former athletes participated in high physical activity (PA), 38.67% in moderate PA, and 33.33% in low PA, while 19.23% of non-athletes participated in high PA, 38.46% in moderate PA, and 42.31% in low PA. Former athletes had lower mean of body mass index, WC, fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and UA than non-athletes. In addition, higher mean of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, former athletes had higher mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and triglycerides (TG) than non-athletes.

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Blood pressure and BMI in adolescents in Aracaju, Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010003666 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1064-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jorinde Polderman ◽

Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel ◽

José Augusto S Barreto-Filho ◽

Rik Roelofs ◽

Ricardo Emanoel de O Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Public Schools ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Task Force ◽

Economic Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Capital City ◽

Socio Economic Status

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and the association of overweight and obesity with high BP among adolescents in Aracaju, Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study. The main outcome measure was the proportion of adolescents with high BP (sex-, age- and height-specific ≥95th percentile). The main predictor variables were overweight and obesity defined according to the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Other covariates included age, socio-economic status and leisure-time physical activity.SettingAracaju, Brazil, capital city of Sergipe State, north-eastern Brazil.SubjectsA random sample of 1002 adolescents (442 boys and 560 girls) aged 12–17 years selected from twenty public schools and ten private schools were studied.ResultsThe prevalence of high BP was 16·9 % (95 % CI 13·1, 21·7) in boys and 12·9 % (95 % CI 9·0, 18·0) in girls. After adjusting for age, socio-economic status and leisure-time physical activity in both boys and girls, overweight (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·93, 95 % CI 1·08, 3·48; PR = 4·34, 95 % CI 2·58, 7·30, respectively) and obesity (PR = 4·87, 95 % CI 2·35, 10·11; PR = 5·18, 95 % CI 2·67, 10·06, respectively) were found to be associated with high BP.ConclusionsThese findings indicate a high prevalence of high BP in both boys and girls in Aracaju, Brazil. Overweight and obesity were strongly associated with high BP. These findings underscore the urgent need for public health measures to prevent increasing high BP in adolescents in Brazil. Targeting intervention in adolescence may be a critical method for preventing high BP in later life.

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The effect of leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the health of workers with different occupational physical activity demands: a systematic review

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01166-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie A. Prince ◽

Charlotte Lund Rasmussen ◽

Aviroop Biswas ◽

Andreas Holtermann ◽

Tarnbir Aulakh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Occupational Physical Activity ◽

Protocol Registration

Abstract Background Although it is generally accepted that physical activity reduces the risk for chronic non-communicable disease and mortality, accumulating evidence suggests that occupational physical activity (OPA) may not confer the same health benefits as leisure time physical activity (LTPA). It is also unclear if workers in high OPA jobs benefit from LTPA the same way as those in sedentary jobs. Our objective was to determine whether LTPA and leisure time sedentary behaviour (LTSB) confer the same health effects across occupations with different levels of OPA. Methods Searches were run in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health and Scopus from inception to June 9, 2020. Prospective or experimental studies which examined the effects of LTPA or LTSB on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmias and depression among adult workers grouped by OPA (low OPA/sitters, standers, moderate OPA/intermittent movers, high OPA/heavy labourers) were eligible. Results were synthesized using narrative syntheses and harvest plots, and certainty of evidence assessed with GRADE. Results The review includes 38 papers. Across all outcomes, except cardiovascular mortality, metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation, greater LTPA was consistently protective among low OPA, but conferred less protection among moderate and high OPA. For cardiovascular mortality and metabolic syndrome, higher levels of LTPA were generally associated with similar risk reductions among all OPA groups. Few studies examined effects in standers and none examined effects of LTSB across OPA groups. Conclusions Evidence suggests that LTPA is beneficial for all workers, but with larger risk reductions among those with low compared to high OPA jobs. This suggests that, in our attempts to improve the health of workers through LTPA, tailored interventions for different occupational groups may be required. More high-quality studies are needed to establish recommended levels of LTPA/LTSB for different OPA groups. Protocol registration PROSPERO #CRD42020191708.

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Physical activity, sedentary time and their associations with clustered metabolic risk among people with type 2 diabetes in Jiangsu province: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027906 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e027906

Author(s):

Yijia Chen ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Jian Su ◽

Yu Qin ◽

Chong Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Metabolic Risk

ObjectiveInvestigating the association between total physical activity, physical activity in different domains and sedentary time with clustered metabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes from Jiangsu province, China.DesignInterview-based cross-sectional study conducted between December 2013 and January 2014.Setting44 selected townships across two cities, Changshu and Huai’an, in Jiangsu province.Participants20 340 participants selected using stratified cluster-randomised sampling and an interviewer-managed questionnaire.MethodsWe constructed clustered metabolic risk by summing sex-specific standardised values of waist circumference, fasting triacylglycerol, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure and the inverse of blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). Self-reported total physical activity included occupation, commuting and leisure-time physical activity. The un-standardised regression coefficient [B] and its 95% CI were calculated using multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsThis study included 17 750 type 2 diabetes patients (aged 21–94 years, 60.3% female). The total (B=−0.080; 95% CI: −0.114 to −0.046), occupational (B=−0.066; 95% CI: −0.101 to− 0.031) and leisure-time physical activity (B=−0.041; 95% CI: −0.075 to −0.007), and sedentary time (B=0.117; 95% CI: 0.083 to 0.151) were associated with clustered metabolic risk. Total physical activity, occupational physical activity and sedentary time were associated with waist circumference, triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol, but not with systolic blood pressure. Commuting physical activity and sedentary time were significantly associated with triacylglycerol (B=−0.012; 95% CI: −0.019 to −0.005) and fasting plasma glucose (B=0.008; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.01), respectively. Leisure-time physical activity was only significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (B=−0.239; 95% CI: −0.542 to− 0.045).ConclusionsTotal, occupational and leisure-time physical activity were inversely associated with clustered metabolic risk, whereas sedentary time increased metabolic risk. Commuting physical activity was inversely associated with triacylglycerol. These findings suggest that increased physical activity in different domains and decreased sedentary time may have protective effects against metabolic risk in type 2 diabetes patients.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Vigorous Leisure-Time Physical Activity Modify the Association of Small Size at Birth With the Metabolic Syndrome

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.26.7.2156 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2156-2164 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

D. E. Laaksonen ◽

H.-M. Lakka ◽

J. Lynch ◽

T. A. Lakka ◽

L. Niskanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Size At Birth

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Leisure-time physical activity, objective urban neighborhood built environment, and overweight and obesity of Chinese school-age children

Journal of Transport & Health ◽

10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 322-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lin Lin

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Built Environment ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Urban Neighborhood ◽

Chinese School ◽

Neighborhood Built Environment

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Gallardo-Alfaro ◽

Maria del Mar Bibiloni ◽

Catalina M. Mascaró ◽

Sofía Montemayor ◽

Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Severity Score ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression Risk

Healthy lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to report main lifestyle components and related factors according to the MetS severity. Cross-sectional analysis was done of baseline lifestyle factors from 5739 participants with overweight/obesity and MetS features (aged 55–75 years) included in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Participants were categorized in tertiles according to a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, as well as a Dietary Inflammatory Index and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were measured. Diet quality was assessed using a 17-item energy-restricted MD questionnaire. Duration and intensity of PA was self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sedentary behaviours were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses’ Health Study questionnaire. The 30 s chair stand test was also assessed. Participants with highest MetSSS showed higher values of cardiovascular risk factors (except for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), depression risk, sedentary and TV viewing time, and lower moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Highest MetSSS participants tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and tended to lower MD adherence. In addition, they showed lower carbohydrate and nut intake and higher intake of protein, saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, iodine, sodium, red and processed meat products, other oils different from olive oil and spirit alcoholic drinks. The highest MetS severity score was associated with lower moderate and vigorous LTPA and higher sedentary time and depression risk, as they tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and lower MD adherence.

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Greater daily leisure time physical activity is associated with lower chronic disease risk in adults with spinal cord injury

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h09-050 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 640-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Andrea C. Buchholz ◽

Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽

Steven R. Bray ◽

B. Catharine Craven ◽

Audrey L. Hicks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Cord Injury

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). LTPA was measured using the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI in 76 men and women with chronic (≥1 year) paraplegia or tetraplegia, living in or near Hamilton, Ontario. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)), blood pressure, and biochemical data were collected. Thirty-seven percent (n = 28 participants) were inactive, reporting no LTPA whatsoever, and were compared with an equal-sized group consisting of the most active study participants (≥25 min of LTPA per day). After adjusting for significant covariates, BMI (18.7%), %FM (19.4%), and C-reactive protein (143%) were all lower, and %FFM was higher (7.2%), in active participants (all p ≤ 0.05). Ten percent of active participants vs. 33% of inactive participants were insulin resistant (p = 0.03). Waist circumference (17.6%) and systolic blood pressure (15.3%) were lower in active vs. inactive participants with paraplegia (both p ≤ 0.05), but not tetraplegia. In conclusion, greater daily LTPA is associated with lower levels of selected CVD and type 2 diabetes risk factors in individuals living with SCI. Whether this relationship translates into a lower incidence of these chronic diseases has yet to be determined.

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