scholarly journals Review Article Recent Advances in Preventing Dental Erosion

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Barkha Adwani ◽  
Simran Kriplani ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽  
Amit Reche ◽  
Priyanka Paul Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Apatite Crystal ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Recent Advances

Dental erosion is defined as an irreversible loss of dental hard tissue due to exposure to chelating agents or non-bacterial acids. The occurrence of this condition was noted and the incidence and prevalence of dental erosion has been increasingly documented.The Ant erosive agents such as Anacardic acid in which the key component is the cashewnut shell liquid is phenolic lipids. It is a mixture of molecules which are saturated and unsaturated. It is also considered to have an anti-microbial effect and has been studied for the treatment of cancer, oxidative damage, inflammation and obesity disorders. Other anti-erosive agent like Fluoride helps in tooth remineralization. Fluorapatite, rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during the process of remineralization when fluoride is found in oral fluids. In apatite crystal lattice formation, fluoride ions replace hydroxy ions. Fluorapatite, even under acidic conditions, is less soluble than hydroxyapatite, which helps to regenerate tooth enamel. Fluoride is therefore a stronger anti-erosive agent. Various Recent advances in anti-erosive agents are Calcium and phosphate, Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), Protease inhibitors, Oils, Chitosan chitosan and Multivalent metal ions Various techniques to evaluate dental erosion are in vitro techniques and in vivo techniques. In vitro techniques are Scanning electron microscope, Surface Profilometry, Polarized Light Microscopyand Non-Contact Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). And iv vivo techniques are Photographs Clinical review and indices. The most important point of treatment is identifying and removing the erosion factor, above all current materials and methods. Therefore, early identification of the lesions, evaluation and removal of the etiological variables are relevant topics.

scholarly journals Influence of Remineralizing Dentifrice in the Treatment of Erosive Enamel Lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Júlia Bazaga Ferreira ◽  
Gabriella Rodovalho Paiva ◽  
Vinícius Rangel Geraldo-Martins ◽  
Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni ◽  
Regina Guenka Palma Dibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

O objetivo deste trabalho in vitro foi avaliar a influência de diferentes agentes remineralizantes no tratamento de lesões erosivas em esmalte. Foram confeccionados espécimes de 4mmx4mm e 3 mm de espessura a partir da superfície vestibular de incisivos bovinos (n=10) e divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos. G1=aplicação do dentifrício remineralizante, G2= aplicação do agente potencializador remineralizante, G3= dentifrício remineralizante + agente potencializador remineralizante, G4=aplicação de verniz fluoretado (controle positivo), G5=nenhum tratamento (controle negativo). Os espécimes foram imersos em refrigerante durante um período de 10 dias. A rugosidade superficial foi analisada por meio de microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Os dados foram analisados quanto à homogeneidade (Levene’s) e normalidade (Kolmogorov- Smirnov). Foram realizados testes paramétricos com análise de variância a dois critérios: fator tempo e fator tratamento, e pós-teste de Tukey para diferenciação das médias. Todos os testes estatísticos tiveram nível de significância de 5% (α=0,05). Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes, demonstrando a redução da rugosidade da superfície do esmalte logo após o primeiro tratamento (G3) e para os demais grupos (G1, G2 e G4) somente após o segundo tratamento. Concluiu-se que a utilização de dentifrício composto por silicato de cálcio e fosfato de sódio influenciou na rugosidade do esmalte erodido do dente bovino.Palavras-chave: Dentifrícios. Erosão Dentária. Esmalte Dentário.Abstract The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different remineralizing agents in the treatment of enamel erosive lesions. Specimens of 4mmx4mm and 3mm thickness were made from the buccal surface of bovine incisors (n=10) and randomly divided into 4 groups. G1 = application of the remineralizing dentifrice, G2 = application of the remineralizing agent, G3 = remineralizing dentifrice + remineralizing agente, G4 = application of fluoride varnish (positive control), G5 = no treatment Specimens were immersed in refrigerant solution during a period of 10 days. The surface roughness was analyzed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. The data were analyzed for homogeneity (Levene's) and normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Parametric tests with analysis of variance were performed on two criteria: time factor and treatment factor, and Tukey post-test for differentiation of means. All tests were statistically significant at 5% (α = 0.05). The results showed statistically significant difference, demonstrating the reduction of surface roughness after the first treatment (G3) and the other groups (G1, G2 and G4) only after the second treatment. It was concluded that the use of dentifrice composed of calcium silicate and sodium phosphate influenced the roughness of the eroded tooth enamel of the bovine tooth.Keywords: Dentifrices. Tooth Erosion. Tooth Enamel.

Vacuoles Induced in Mammalian Cells by Helicobacter Cytotoxin are Acidic Organelles

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. H. Chestnut ◽  
C. E. Catrenich
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive, Gram-negative spiral bacterium first identified in 1983, and subsequently implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cytotoxic activity, manifested by intracytoplasmic vacuolation of mammalian cells in vitro, was identified in 55% of H. pylori strains examined. The vacuoles increase in number and size during extended incubation, resulting in vacuolar and cellular degeneration after 24 h to 48 h. Vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is also observed in vivo during infection by H. pylori. A high molecular weight, heat labile protein is believed to be responsible for vacuolation and to significantly contribute to the development of gastroduodenal disease in humans. The mechanism by which the cytotoxin exerts its effect is unknown, as is the intracellular origin of the vacuolar membrane and contents. Acridine orange is a membrane-permeant weak base that initially accumulates in low-pH compartments. We have used acridine orange accumulation in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy of toxin-treated cells to begin probing the nature and origin of these vacuoles.

scholarly journals Effect of dissolution rate and subsequent ion release on cytocompatibility properties of borophosphate glasses

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Nusrat Sharmin ◽  
Mohammad S. Hasan ◽  
Md. Towhidul Islam ◽  
Chengheng Pang ◽  
Fu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cell Culture Study ◽  
Borophosphate Glasses ◽  
Mg63 Cells

AbstractPresent work explores the relationship between the composition, dissolution rate, ion release and cytocompatibility of a series of borophosphate glasses. While, the base glass was selected to be 40mol%P2O5-16mol%CaO-24mol%MgO-20mol%Na2O, three B2O3 modified glass compositions were formulated by replacing Na2O with 1, 5 and 10 mol% B2O3. Ion release study was conducted using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The thermal scans of the glasses as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed an increment in the thermal properties with increasing B2O3 content in the glasses. On the other hand, the dissolution rate of the glasses decreased with increasing B2O3 content. To identify the effect of boron ion release on the cytocompatibility properties of the glasses, MG63 cells were cultured on the surface of the glass discs. The in vitro cell culture study suggested that glasses with 5 mol% B2O3 (P40B5) showed better cell proliferation and metabolic activity as compares to the glasses with 10 mol% (P40B10) or with no B2O3 (P40B0). The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of live/dead stained MG63 cells attached to the surface of the glasses also revealed that the number of dead cells attached to P40B5 glasses were significantly lower than both P40B0 and P40B10 glasses.

scholarly journals Cephalosporin nitric oxide-donor prodrug DEA-C3D disperses biofilms formed by clinical cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odel Soren ◽  
Ardeshir Rineh ◽  
Diogo G Silva ◽  
Yuming Cai ◽  
Robert P Howlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Objectives The cephalosporin nitric oxide (NO)-donor prodrug DEA-C3D (‘DiEthylAmin-Cephalosporin-3′-Diazeniumdiolate’) has been shown to initiate the dispersal of biofilms formed by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa laboratory strain PAO1. In this study, we investigated whether DEA-C3D disperses biofilms formed by clinical cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates of P. aeruginosa and its effect in combination with two antipseudomonal antibiotics, tobramycin and colistin, in vitro. Methods β-Lactamase-triggered release of NO from DEA-C3D was confirmed using a gas-phase chemiluminescence detector. MICs for P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were determined using the broth microdilution method. A crystal violet staining technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of DEA-C3D on P. aeruginosa biofilms alone and in combination with tobramycin and colistin. Results DEA-C3D was confirmed to selectively release NO in response to contact with bacterial β-lactamase. Despite lacking direct, cephalosporin/β-lactam-based antibacterial activity, DEA-C3D was able to disperse biofilms formed by three P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Confocal microscopy revealed that DEA-C3D in combination with tobramycin produces similar reductions in biofilm to DEA-C3D alone, whereas the combination with colistin causes near complete eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro. Conclusions DEA-C3D is effective in dispersing biofilms formed by multiple clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and could hold promise as a new adjunctive therapy to patients with CF.

scholarly journals Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on root canal treated teeth in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz H. D. Panariello ◽  
Justin K. Kindler ◽  
Kenneth J. Spolnik ◽  
Ygal Ehrlich ◽  
George J. Eckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Electromagnetic Stimulation ◽  
Root Canal Disinfection

AbstractRoot canal disinfection is of utmost importance in the success of the treatment, thus, a novel method for achieving root canal disinfection by electromagnetic waves, creating a synergistic reaction via electric and thermal energy, was created. To study electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) for the disinfection of root canal in vitro, single rooted teeth were instrumented with a 45.05 Wave One Gold reciprocating file. Specimens were sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212, which grew for 15 days to form an established biofilm. Samples were treated with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 1.5% NaOCl 1.5% NaOCl with EMS, 0.9% saline with EMS or 0.9% saline. After treatments, the colony forming units (CFU) was determined. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test (α = 0.05). One sample per group was scored and split for confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. There was a significant effect with the use of NaOCl with or without EMS versus 0.9% saline with or without EMS (p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively). CFUs were lower when using 0.9% saline with EMS versus 0.9% saline alone (p = 0.002). Confocal imaging confirmed CFU findings. EMS with saline has an antibiofilm effect against E. faecalis and can potentially be applied for endodontic disinfection.

scholarly journals Cocktail of carbohydrases from Aspergillus niger: an economical and eco-friendly option for biofilm clearance from biopolymer surfaces

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arashdeep Kaur ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni ◽  
Shania Vij ◽  
Praveen Rishi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Natural Variant

AbstractBiofilm formation on both biotic and abiotic surfaces accounts for a major factor in spread of antimicrobial resistance. Due to their ubiquitous nature, biofilms are of great concern for environment as well as human health. In the present study, an integrated process for the co-production of a cocktail of carbohydrases from a natural variant of Aspergillus niger was designed. The enzyme cocktail was found to have a noteworthy potential to eradicate/disperse the biofilms of selected pathogens. For application of enzymes as an antibiofilm agent, the enzyme productivities were enhanced by statistical modelling using response surface methodology (RSM). The antibiofilm potential of the enzyme cocktail was studied in terms of (i) in vitro cell dispersal assay (ii) release of reducing sugars from the biofilm polysaccharides (iii) the effect of enzyme treatment on biofilm cells and architecture by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Potential of the enzyme cocktail to disrupt/disperse the biofilm of selected pathogens from biopolymer surfaces was also assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Further, their usage in conjunction with antibiotics was assessed and it was inferred from the results that the use of enzyme cocktail augmented the efficacy of the antibiotics. The study thus provides promising insights into the prospect of using multiple carbohydrases for management of heterogeneous biofilms formed in natural and clinical settings.

scholarly journals pH and Reduction Dual-Responsive Bi-Drugs Conjugated Dextran Assemblies for Combination Chemotherapy and In Vitro Evaluation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Xiukun Xue ◽  
Yanjuan Wu ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Ben Xu ◽  
Zhaowei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Oxidized Dextran

Polymeric prodrugs, synthesized by conjugating chemotherapeutic agents to functional polymers, have been extensively investigated and employed for safer and more efficacious cancer therapy. By rational design, a pH and reduction dual-sensitive dextran-di-drugs conjugate (oDex-g-Pt+DOX) was synthesized by the covalent conjugation of Pt (IV) prodrug and doxorubicin (DOX) to an oxidized dextran (oDex). Pt (IV) prodrug and DOX were linked by the versatile efficient esterification reactions and Schiff base reaction, respectively. oDex-g-Pt+DOX could self-assemble into nanoparticles with an average diameter at around 180 nm. The acidic and reductive (GSH) environment induced degradation and drug release behavior of the resulting nanoparticles (oDex-g-Pt+DOX NPs) were systematically investigated by optical experiment, DLS analysis, TEM measurement, and in vitro drugs release experiment. Effective cellular uptake of the oDex-g-Pt+DOX NPs was identified by the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, oDex-g-Pt+DOX NPs displayed a comparable antiproliferative activity than the simple combination of free cisplatin and DOX (Cis+DOX) as the extension of time. More importantly, oDex-g-Pt+DOX NPs exhibited remarkable reversal ability of tumor resistance compared to the cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant lung carcinoma A549 cells. Take advantage of the acidic and reductive microenvironment of tumors, this smart polymer-dual-drugs conjugate could serve as a promising and effective nanomedicine for combination chemotherapy.

scholarly journals PGC-1-Related Coactivator, a Novel, Serum-Inducible Coactivator of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1-Dependent Transcription in Mammalian Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3738-3749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Andersson ◽  
Richard C. Scarpulla
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 ◽  
Cell Extracts

ABSTRACT The thermogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) coactivator 1 (PGC-1) has previously been shown to activate mitochondrial biogenesis in part through a direct interaction with nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1). In order to identify related coactivators that act through NRF-1, we searched the databases for sequences with similarities to PGC-1. Here, we describe the first characterization of a 177-kDa transcriptional coactivator, designated PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC). PRC is ubiquitously expressed in murine and human tissues and cell lines; but unlike PGC-1, PRC was not dramatically up-regulated during thermogenesis in brown fat. However, its expression was down-regulated in quiescent BALB/3T3 cells and was rapidly induced by reintroduction of serum, conditions where PGC-1 was not detected. PRC activated NRF-1-dependent promoters in a manner similar to that observed for PGC-1. Moreover, NRF-1 was immunoprecipitated from cell extracts by antibodies directed against PRC, and both proteins were colocalized to the nucleoplasm by confocal laser scanning microscopy. PRC interacts in vitro with the NRF-1 DNA binding domain through two distinct recognition motifs that are separated by an unstructured proline-rich region. PRC also contains a potent transcriptional activation domain in its amino terminus adjacent to an LXXLL motif. The spatial arrangement of these functional domains coincides with those found in PGC-1, supporting the conclusion that PRC and PGC-1 are structurally and functionally related. We conclude that PRC is a functional relative of PGC-1 that operates through NRF-1 and possibly other activators in response to proliferative signals.

scholarly journals Bacterial lipopolysaccharides variably modulate in vitro biofilm formation of Candida species

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. H. N. Bandara ◽  
O. L. T. Lam ◽  
R. M. Watt ◽  
L. J. Jin ◽  
L. P. Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Biofilm Development

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bacterial endotoxin LPS on Candida biofilm formation in vitro. The effect of the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella typhimurium on six different species of Candida, comprising Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida dubliniensis MYA 646, was studied using a standard biofilm assay. The metabolic activity of in vitro Candida biofilms treated with LPS at 90 min, 24 h and 48 h was quantified by XTT reduction assay. Viable biofilm-forming cells were qualitatively analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to visualize the biofilm structure. Initially, adhesion of C. albicans was significantly stimulated by Pseudomonas and Klebsiella LPS. A significant inhibition of Candida adhesion was noted for the following combinations: C. glabrata with Pseudomonas LPS, C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, and C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis or C. dubliniensis with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). After 24 h of incubation, a significant stimulation of initial colonization was noted for the following combinations: C. albicans/C. glabrata with Klebsiella LPS, C. glabrata/C. tropicalis/C. krusei with Salmonella LPS. In contrast, a significant inhibition of biofilm formation was observed in C. glabrata/C. dubliniensis/C. krusei with Pseudomonas LPS, C. krusei with Serratia LPS, C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis /C. krusei with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). On further incubation for 48 h, a significant enhancement of biofilm maturation was noted for the following combinations: C. glabrata/C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. glabrata with Salmonella LPS, and a significant retardation was noted for C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis/C. krusei with Pseudomonas LPS, C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, C. glabrata/C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. dubliniensis with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). These findings were confirmed by SEM and CLSM analyses. In general, the inhibition of the biofilm development of LPS-treated Candida spp. was accompanied by a scanty architecture with a reduced numbers of cells compared with the profuse and densely colonized control biofilms. These data are indicative that bacterial LPSs modulate in vitro Candida biofilm formation in a species-specific and time-dependent manner. The clinical and the biological relevance of these findings have yet to be explored.

THE INFLUENCE OF AND PEPTIDES ON MITOCHONDRIES STAIN AND L7A RIBOSOMES PROTEIN EXPRESSION DURING HUMAN PINEAL GLAND AND THYMUS CELL SENESCENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 741-747
Author(s):  
О. М. Ивко ◽  
А. О. Дробинцева ◽  
Д. О. Леонтьева ◽  
И. М. Кветной ◽  
В. О. Полякова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Protein L ◽  
Mitotracker Red

Методом конфокальной лазерной сканирующей микроскопии верифицированы новые молекулярные мишени действия геропротекторных пептидов AEDG (эпиталона) и KE (вилона). Показано, что при старении клеток эпифиза и тимуса in vitro окраска митохондрий MitoTracker Red снижается, а синтез рибосомального белка L 7 A компенсаторно возрастает. Пептид AEDG в 1,5 раза повышал площадь окрашивания митохондрий MitoTracker Red и на 22 % снижал экспрессию белка рибосом L 7 A в культурах клеток эпифиза человека при их репликативном старении. Пептид KE в 1,5 раза повышал площадь окрашивания митохондрий MitoTracker Red и на 15 % снижал экспрессию белка рибосом L 7 A в культурах клеток тимуса человека при их репликативном старении. Можно предположить, что пептиды AEDG и KE обладают тканеспецифическим свойством, нормализующим функции митохондрий и рибосом пинеалоцитов и тимоцитов. It was verified new molecular targets of geroprotective activity of AEDG (epitalon) and KE (vilon) peptides by the method of confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was shown that the MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining decreased and L 7 A ribosomal protein synthesis compensatory increased during pineal and thymic cell senescence in vitro . AEDG peptide increases in 1,5 times the square of MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining and decreases on 22% the expression of ribosomal protein L 7 A in cultures of human pineal gland cells during its senescence. KE peptide increases in 1,5 times the square of MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining and decreases on 15% the expression of ribosomal protein L 7 A in cultures of human thymic cells during its senescence. The square of MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining decreases and the expression of L 7 A ribosomal protein compensatory increases during pineal gland and thymic cells senescence. We can suppose that AEDG and KE peptides have a tissue-specific effect that normalizes the functions of mitochondria and ribosomes of pinealocytes and thymocytes.

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