scholarly journals Preclinical Evaluation of Antidotal Property of Mritasanjeevana agada in Poisoning- A Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Nilima Wadnerwar
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: As the poisoning is becoming a threat to rural India, it is necessary to increase the survival time to avail the primary treatment. For the treatment of poisoning, Agada is described in Ayurveda as an antidote. Agada is a polyherbal or herbomineral formulation constituted with combination antitoxic drugs along with some antioxidant, immunomodulator or hepatoprotective drugs. But they need to be revalidated for their efficacy and safety on the basis of contemporary assessment parameters Aim: Evaluation of antidotal property of Mritasanjivana Agada in poisoning. Objectives: To increase the survival time after the administration of Mritasanjivana Agada in snake venom and aluminium phosphide poisoning in albino mice. To compare the efficacy of Mritasanjivana Agada and Anti-snake venom as an antidote. To standardize the Mritasanjivana Agada. Methodology: Mritasanjeevana Agada will be prepared and standardized. Cobra venom poisoning and aluminium phosphide poisoning have been selected as the representative for the animate poison and artificial/ synthetic poison. After inducing poisoning in mice, one group will receive its standard antidote and other will receive standard antidote with Mritasanjivana Agada. The third group will receive only Mritasanjivana Agada without its standard antidote. All the groups will be assessed on the basis of hematology, biochemistry, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and histopathology in case of death of the animals. Results: Mritasanjeevana agada is expected to increase the survival time in the treatment of snake venom and aluminium phosphide poisoning in albino mice. Conclusion: Mritasanjeevana agada may be as efficacious as Anti-snake venom as an antidote.

scholarly journals Review on traditional diagnosis and management of snakebite in Ayurveda

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7386-7390
Author(s):  
Manuprasad K S ◽  
Sachin Mangattu ◽  
Amritha S Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
South India ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Healing System ◽  
The 19Th Century

Toxicology started right from the prehistoric era when man lived in caves of forests. Reptiles originated nearly 240 million years ago, but man was born only nearly about 4 million years back. A man had to survive; he had to fifth against many odds. Snake venom is one of these odds, and treatment of poisonous would have started with the first affliction by poison on man. It is believed that in India, about 2 million people are bitten by snakes annually of which 15,000 to 30000 cases prove fatal. The problem became more after urbanization and deforestation. In the early decades of the 19th century, it has been recorded by the scholars that the mortality rate in snakebite victims was higher chiefly in rural India by the unavailability of emergency medicines and poor transportation facilities. Still, recently this has been changed significantly by providing ASV (anti snake venom) as a primary treatment through hospitals of tertiary levels. Traditional poisoning healing system was also parallel to this in rural areas of south India, especially in the state of Kerala, belief in the Traditional poisoning healing system were the main motives for it. Here an attempt has been made to explore the Traditional Visha chikitsa Sampradaya of Kerala, which is quite different from classical Granthas of Ayurveda (textbook) such as Bruhatrayees along with mainly used formulations in Visha chikitsa.

scholarly journals Combination of bevacizumab and dual immunotherapy for extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: a case report

Immunotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Song ◽  
Rengui Zhou ◽  
Xiangyong Li ◽  
Dejian Pan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Extensive Disease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Line

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is sensitive to chemoradiotherapy but remains to have a poor prognosis. In the immunotherapy era, chemotherapy combined with PD-L1 inhibitors has become a new first-line treatment option for advanced SCLC. The CheckMate 032 study combined a PD-1 blockade and a CTLA-4 inhibitor and found that this dual immunotherapy might be a positive treatment choice for SCLC. In our case, the patient with advanced SCLC received bevacizumab combined with dual immunotherapy over the third line with more than 12 months survival time. The overall survival time was 21.5 months from the start of the third-line treatment and 39 months from the time of extensive-disease SCLC diagnosis. The combination of a VEGF blockade and a dual immunotherapy in SCLC resulted in synergistic treatment effects. Therefore, bevacizumab might be a better adjuvant, either combined with chemotherapy or dual immunotherapy, for patients with persistent disease progression after undergoing immunotherapy.

The efficacy and safety of anlotinib in neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced thyroid cancer: A single-arm phase II clinical trial.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6069-6069
Author(s):  
Naisi Huang ◽  
Guohua Sun ◽  
Yulong Wang ◽  
Jiaying Chen ◽  
Qing Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Advanced Thyroid Cancer

6069 Background: Surgery is the primary treatment for locally advanced thyroid cancer (TC). For some locally advanced TC, R0/R1 resection could not be achieved at initial diagnosis and neoadjuvant treatment would be an option. However, there is still little evidence regarding neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced TC. Methods: This single-arm, phase 2 study investigated the efficacy and safety of Anlotinib (12mg orally daily, for two weeks on/on week off) for 2-6 cycles in patients with locally advanced TC in the neoadjuvant setting. Operable patients received surgery after neoadjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Results: A total of 13 patients were included and received an average of 3.5 cycles (range: 3-6 cycles) of Anlotinib treatment. 12 cases were papillary thyroid cancer, and 1 was follicular thyroid cancer. The ORR of Anlotinib was 76.9% with 10 partial response (PR), 2 stable disease (SD), and 1 progressive disease (PD). 8 PR and 1 SD patients received surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, of whom 8 had R0/1 resections and 1 had R2 resection. 2 PR patients refused to have surgery and the rest 2 patients were not operable. The R0/1 resection rate for intent to treat population was 61.5% and for per-protocol population was 72.7%. The maximum reduction in sum of tumor diameter was an average of 34.8% (range: 30.9%-45.5%) for PR patients. Most adverse events were grade 1 or 2. Common adverse events of all grade were hypertension (76.9%), hypertriglyceridemia (69.2%), proteinuria (53.8%), TSH increase (53.8%), cholesterol elevation (53.8%) and hand-foot syndrome (38.5%). The majority of adverse events discontinued after the neoadjuvant treatment stopped. Conclusions: Anlotinib demonstrated antitumor activity in the neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced TC and the majority of patients achieved R0/1 resection. Adverse events were consistent with the known Anlotinib adverse event profile. These results suggest that Anlotinib neoadjuvant treatment represents a new option for locally advanced TC. Clinical trial information: NCT04309136.

scholarly journals Precompetitional Weight Reduction Modifies Prooxidative-Antioxidative Status in Judokas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Knapik ◽  
Karolina Sieroń ◽  
Ewa Wojtyna ◽  
Grzegorz Onik ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Protein Sulfhydryl ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress

Objective. The main aim of the study was an assessment of the influence of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress parameters in judokas differing in weight reduction value. Materials and Methods. The study included 30 judokas with an age range of 18-30 years (mean age: 22.4±3.40 years). Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and total oxidative stress were assessed three times: one week before a competition (the first stage), after gaining the desired weight (the second stage), and one week after the competition (the third stage). Results. Between the first and the second stage, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) decreased significantly. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), ceruloplasmin (CER), malondialdehyde (MDA), LPH, and total oxidative stress (TOS) concentrations were the lowest one week after the competition. Linear regression indicated that the emphases on increased weight reduction increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD, Mn-SOD, LPH, MDA, and TOS in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH. In judokas, the precompetitional weight reduction range was 0.44-6.10% (mean: 2.93%±1.76%) of the initial body weight. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD; p<.01), manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; p<.001), and ceruloplasmin (CER; p<.05) decreased between the first and the third stage of the study as well between the second and third one. Before competitions, a decrease in lipid hydroperoxide (LPH; p<.01) concentration was observed. A reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA; p<.05), LPH (p<.01), and total oxidative stress (TOS; p<.05) levels between the first and the final stage occurred. The increase in weight reduction was linearly correlated with the rise of glutathione peroxidase (GPx; p<.05), glutathione reductase (GR; p<.05), glutathione S-transferase (GST; p<.05), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH; p<.05) concentrations between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD (p<.05), Mn-SOD (p<.05), LPH (p<.05), MDA (p<.05), and TOS (p<.05) in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH (p<.005). Conclusions. The effect of weight reduction in judo athletes on prooxidative-antioxidative system diversity depends on the weight reduction value.

The role of pyridostigmine in recovery from motor paralysis in a snakebite patient with an allergic reaction to anti-snake venom

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Vanita Ahuja ◽  
Anjuman Chander ◽  
Nishit Sawal
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Motor Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
Motor Paralysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supportive Management

A 30-year-old woman presented as an emergency with a history of snakebite 5 h previously with signs of bulbar palsy, ptosis, respiratory distress and weakness of all four limbs. Mechanical ventilation, anti-snake venom (ASV) and supportive management were immediately instituted. With the third dose of ASV, an early anaphylactic reaction ensued. Subsequent management with corticosteroids and antihistamines over the next few days allowed consciousness to return but muscle power did not improve beyond 2/5. A trial of intravenous neostigmine with glycopyrrolate, however, improved motor power in all four limbs to 3/5. Oral pyridostigmine at 60 mg every 8 h allowed subsequent full motor recovery in all four extremities. We suggest consideration of pyridostigmine to promote motor recovery after an allergic reaction to ASV.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Sperm-Specific Contraceptive Vaccine in Albino Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipra Goyal ◽  
Boomi Manivannan ◽  
Ganesh R. Kumraj ◽  
Abdul S. Ansari ◽  
Nirmal K. Lohiya
Keyword(s):  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Contraceptive Vaccine ◽  
Albino Mice

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) against Plasmodium berghei Infection in Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agumas Alemu Alehegn ◽  
Jibril Seid Yesuf ◽  
Eshetie Melese Birru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Bersama Abyssinica

Background. Treatment of malaria has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. Thus, the current study aimed at evaluating the antimalarial activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Bersama abyssinica (B. abyssinica) against Plasmodium berghei infection in Swiss Albino mice. Method. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract and solvent fractions against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effects of crude extract and fraction with the highest chemosuppression were further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to compare data between groups. Results. The crude extract and aqueous fraction significantly (P<0.05 to 0.001) suppressed parasitemia followed by protection of PCV reduction resulting in prolonging the survival time but failed to protect body weight and rectal temperature reduction in all tested models. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions also showed significant chemosuppression and PCV protection in the 4-day suppressive test. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 49.51%, 57.94%, and 44.11% while the aqueous fraction showed suppression of 47.69%, 51.62%, and 37.07% in 4-day suppressive, curative, and prophylactic tests, respectively, at 400 mg/kg. Conclusion. The crude extract and fractions showed fairly moderate antimalarial activity, and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies. Thus, this may call for further studies to isolate chemical entities for additional safety and efficacy tests.

HBED ligand: preclinical studies of a potential alternative to deferoxamine for treatment of chronic iron overload and acute iron poisoning

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 3019-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Bergeron ◽  
Jan Wiegand ◽  
Gary M. Brittenham
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Diacetic Acid ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
Local Irritation ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Iron Poisoning

Abstract We have continued the preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the hexadentate phenolic aminocarboxylate iron chelatorN, N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl) ethylenediamine-N, N′-diacetic acid monosodium salt (NaHBED) for the treatment of both chronic transfusional iron overload and acute iron poisoning. We examined the effect of route of administration by giving equimolar amounts of NaHBED and deferoxamine (DFO) to Cebus apella monkeys as either a subcutaneous (SC) bolus or a 20-minute intravenous (IV) infusion. By both routes, NaHBED was consistently about twice as efficient as DFO in producing iron excretion. For both chelators at a dose of 150 μmol/kg, SC was more efficient than IV administration. The biochemical and histopathologic effects of NaHBED administration were assessed. No systemic toxicity was found after either IV administration once daily for 14 days to iron-loaded dogs or after SC administration every other day for 14 days to dogs without iron overload. Evidence of local irritation was found at some SC injection sites. When the NaHBED concentration was reduced to 15% or less in a volume comparable to a clinically useful one, no local irritation was found with SC administration in rats. Because treatment of acute iron poisoning may require rapid chelator infusion, we compared the effects of IV bolus administration of the compounds to normotensive rats. Administration of DFO produced a prompt, prolonged drop in blood pressure and acceleration of heart rate; NaHBED had little effect. NaHBED may provide an alternative to DFO for the treatment of both chronic transfusional iron overload and of acute iron poisoning.

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