scholarly journals Management of Chemotherapy Induced Mucositis

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Ashwag Siddik Noorsaeed ◽  
Mawaddah Saad Aljohani ◽  
Khawlah Salem A. BinAfif ◽  
Rafal Abdulrahman Alsaywed ◽  
Maha Ali Bakhshwain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Health Organization

Oral mucositis is a severe ailment that causes erythema, edema, and ulceration of the oral mucosa, as well as pain and oral intake restrictions. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the most often utilized cancer treatment options. Despite the fact that these treatments are used to improve a patient's quality of life, they are linked to a number of negative side effects. Oral mucositis is a common side effect in patients undergoing head and neck radiation therapy. While some chemotherapy-related side effects are being better managed, mucositis is becoming more common. Reducing patient risk factors, adopt proven preventative measures, and optimize supportive care practices targeted to the patients' needs and symptoms are all recommendations that can be made. In clinical practice and research, a variety of measures have been used to record the amount and severity of oral mucositis. The World Health Organization (WHO) scale is a simple, easy-to-use scale that can be used in clinical practice on a regular basis. There are multiple approaches for management of Mucositis.  Cryotherapy, palifermin, and sucralfate are among the three therapies that showed statistically significant effect in avoiding or lowering the severity of mucositis according to reports. In this article we’ll be looking at Chemotherapy induced mucositis, its etiology, epidemiology, evaluation. And most importantly management.

scholarly journals Current aspects of COVID-19 vaccine prophylaxis: big steps from laboratory to clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
D. V. Grinko ◽  
D. V. Moiseev ◽  
E. V. Voropaev ◽  
I. O. Stoma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
Health Organization

For more than a year and a half, the entire world has been experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Only the development of safe and effective vaccines may make the most significant changes in the fight against this infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners are contributing to accelerated development of vaccines because it is the vaccination along with social distancing and the use of personal protective equipment that is an effective way to prevent the coronavirus disease. This review covers general characteristics of vaccines registered or approved by at least one national regulator, the risks and side effects of the vaccines, as well as approaches to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Disputed issues of systemic toxicity of local anesthetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Unzhakov ◽  
E. S. Netesin ◽  
V. I. Gorbachev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Lipid Resuscitation ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: assessment of the "systemic toxicity of local anesthetics,” term validity, and a legal appraisal of the term “lipid resuscitation.” Regulatory documents and specialized literature devoted to the terminology of toxicity of local anesthetics were reviewed and analyzed. The article presents the classification of the adverse events proposed by World Health Organization experts. The legal issues related to the so-called “lipid resuscitation” are discussed. It seems appropriate to replace the term “systemic toxicity” of local anesthetics in all official documents with the term “side effect of the drug” or “side effects.” The use of the “lipid resuscitation” term in clinical practice is not supported by regulatory documents.

Preventing Premature Weaning: Management Options for Common Lactation Conditions, Including OMT

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Denise Sackett ◽  
Tala Dajani ◽  
David Shoup ◽  
Uzoma Ikonne
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Lactational Mastitis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

The benefits of breastfeeding are well established. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that mothers breastfeed infants for at least one year, but most children are not breastfed that long because of many factors. Breastfeeding mothers face many challenges to continued breastfeeding, including medical conditions that arise during this period, such as postpartum depression and lactational mastitis. Because of a perceived lack of consistent guidance on medication safety, it can be difficult for the family physician to treat these conditions while encouraging mothers to continue breastfeeding. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and clarify treatment options for the osteopathic family physician treating lactating mothers. We specifically focus on the pharmacological management of contraception, postpartum depression, and lactational mastitis.

STEVIA PLANT - ALTERNATIVE SWEETNER IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213-1217
Author(s):  
Jovana Džoljić ◽  
Ljiljana Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Food and Agricultural Organization as a “sweeteners” consider products used for sweetening derived from sugar crops, cereals, fruits or milk, or that are produced by insects. Sweeteners, as an additive, have important role for technological functions of food, especially in providing texture, bulk and color, and also as preservative agents. Regardless the numerous sweeteners, alternative sweeteners to sucrose are in main focus for implementation in food industry. Nowadays Food and Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization Food standards, Codex Alimentarius Commission (2018) accepted list of 27 food additives that have the functional class “sweetener”. Nowadays, alternative sweeteners and their application in food technology are in main focus of scientist. Stevia plant stands for one of the most important natural intense sweetener, since stevia glycosides are almost 400 times sweeter than sucrose. Extracts of stevia represents a powerful tool for reducing sugars in food and beverages, which can be acceptable substitutes to full sugar versions of this products. Regarding the data of Euromonitor international, new food products containing stevia grew 10% from 2016 to 2017. The biggest increment in stevia use was noticed in categories of snacks, juice drinks, dairy, carbonated soft drinks and confectionery. Barriocanal et al. (2008) highlighted that safety studies reported no negative side effects of stevia use. Can be expected that in recent future use of S. rebaudiana as sweetener would be extended to almost all the world’s countries, regarding all discovered beneficial health effects.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Severity of Oral Mucositis in Children following Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy and Its Implications at a Single Oncology Centre in Durango State, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón G. Carreón-Burciaga ◽  
Enrique Castañeda-Castaneira ◽  
Rogelio González-González ◽  
Nelly Molina-Frechero ◽  
Enrique Gaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Oncology Centre ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Mucositis is an adverse effect of chemotherapy (QT) and/or radiotherapy (RT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of oral mucositis in children undergoing cancer treatment. Methods. Fifty-one children with cancer who had received QT, RT, or both (QT-RT) underwent clinical evaluations; World Health Organization criteria were used to establish the degree and severity of mucositis. The correlations between the clinical data, type of cancer, and therapy were statistically analysed. Results. Mucositis was present in 88.23% of the patients; 57.78%, 7.78%, and 24.44% received QT, RT, and QT-RT, respectively. Severity scores of 1 and 2 were the most common; scores of 3-4 were observed in patients who received QT-RT or more than 7 treatment cycles. There was a significant association between mucositis, the type of treatment, and the number of cycles received (p<0.05). Conclusion. It is important to implement therapeutic protocols that help maintain excellent oral health and reduce the risk of oral mucositis. Stomatologists should be consulted to assess patients’ oral cavities and provide preventive treatment prior to QT and/or RT administration. It is important to integrate a stomatologist into the oncological working group to focus on preventing and managing oral mucositis.

scholarly journals A Case of Polyneuropathy Following a Single Dose of Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole During Mass Administration of Drug - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
SC Kohli ◽  
UK Shrestha ◽  
VM Alurkar ◽  
A Maskey ◽  
M Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The global program to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis created by The World Health organization in 1997 is based on mass administration of single annual doses of diethylcarbamazine ( DEC) plus albendazole in non African regions and of albendazole plus ivermectin in Africa. The usual side effects of DEC treatment include fever, chills, arthralgia, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Albendazole is associated with relatively few side effects consisting of occasional nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, reversible alopecia, elevated aminotransferases and rarely leucopenia and rash. We report a case of polyneuropathy in a young individual following DEC and albendazole during mass drug administration. Keywords: Albendazole; DEC; Polyneuropathy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5800   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 56-58

scholarly journals Study on Highly Active Anti- Retroviral Therapy: prescription pattern and side effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sujata Sapkota ◽  
Rajani Shakya ◽  
Basudev Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Regimen Change ◽  
Initial Regimen ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Since the introduction of Highly Active Anti Retroviral therapy (HAART) by World Health Organization in 1996, it has been the employed method of drug use in HIV management. Involvement of multiple drugs in the regimen, has also invited multiple complications and side effects is one of them. High chances of occurrence of side effects has called for the need of proper identification and therapy management tools for each HAART user and has highlighted the importance of individualized drug therapy. The aim of the study the prescription pattern of the HAART regimen; frequency of regimen change and its major causes; and the side- effects from HAART. The study was conducted in the ART Clinic of SukraRaj Tropical & Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku. 109 patients, who came to the clinic to refill their prescription, were interviewed by the researcher. After interview, medication file of each patient was reviewed to study the prescribed drug regimen, drug changes and identified reasons for the drug change (as identified by the physicians and recorded in patient medication file); reported side effect experience and laboratory reports were analyzed to study the effect of the HAART regimen on hemoglobin and Alanine Aminotransferase enzyme. The study revealed that the most prescribed HAART regimen constituted a combination of Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine. 52% of the patients reported having experienced side effects from HAART. 23.85% patients had to have their initial regimen changed because of drug toxicity. Nausea (15.6%), vertigo (14.7%), decreased hemoglobin (11.9%), skin rash/ allergy (9.2%) were the major side effects experience reported by the patients. In addition to some side effects like nausea, vertigo etc; decrease in the level of hemoglobin after the initiation of HAART was evident. Decrease in Zidovudine containing regimen, during the regimen change was apparent and was mostly related to its hemoglobin lowering activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v26i1.6630 JNPA. XXVI(1) 2012 12-18

scholarly journals A review of post infectious pulmonary fibrosis in the era of COVID-19 and potential treatment options

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Medha Ghose ◽  
Maehali Patel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Post Infectious

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a statement characterizing COVID-19 as a pandemic that has, as of October 2020, caused almost 36 million confirmed global cases and over 1 million deaths. One of the long-term complications suggested by researchers is fibrosis. It has been hypothesized that the combination of ongoing pulmonary injury caused by COVID-19 and the inability to promptly repair damage results in interstitial matrix widening and eventual compression and destruction of alveoli and capillaries. Here we focus on pathogenesis, risk factors, different infectious causes of fibrosis along with COVID-19, and potential treatment options that might reduce its effects. Key words: COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, mechanism, treatment

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