scholarly journals Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of Myristica fragans (Nutmeg) on Microorganisms Isolated from Veritas University Hostels Bathroom and their Surfaces

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
T. O. Ozoude ◽  
C. C. Mbah ◽  
E. U. Amacheree
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Method

The bathroom which is a place for people to clean up themselves is also prone to contamination. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of nutmeg against isolates from the bathroom using different solvents such as acetone, ethanol and water for the extraction of the nutmeg. In this study, samples from different areas in Veritas University male and female hostel bathrooms were screened for bacterial and fungal contamination and results from the study showed that bacterial genera such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and fungus Aspergillus were found in this public bathroom surfaces. The Cup-plate Agar Diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial potency of the nutmeg while the Filter paper method was used to determine its antifungal properties. The results proved that nutmeg has great anti-microbial properties thus was capable of inhibiting the growth of these isolates. Results from this study also revealed that when acetone was used as the solvent at 75% concentration, it was the most effective for the antibacterial susceptibility test while ethanoic solvent at the same concentration was the most effective for the antifungal susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals Comparing Etest and Broth Microdilution for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the Most-Relevant Pathogenic Molds

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 3176-3181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Lamoth ◽  
Barbara D. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Invasive mold infections are life-threatening diseases for which appropriate antifungal therapy is crucial. Their epidemiology is evolving, with the emergence of triazole-resistantAspergillusspp. and multidrug-resistant non-Aspergillusmolds. Despite the lack of interpretive criteria, antifungal susceptibility testing of molds may be useful in guiding antifungal therapy. The standard broth microdilution method (BMD) is demanding and requires expertise. We assessed the performance of a commercialized gradient diffusion method (Etest method) as an alternative to BMD. The MICs or minimal effective concentrations (MECs) of amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin were assessed for 290 clinical isolates of the most representative pathogenic molds (154Aspergillusand 136 non-Aspergillusisolates) with the BMD and Etest methods. Essential agreements (EAs) within ±2 dilutions of ≥90% between the two methods were considered acceptable. EAs for amphotericin B and voriconazole were >90% for most potentially susceptible species. For posaconazole, the correlation was acceptable forMucoromycotinabut Etest MIC values were consistently lower forAspergillusspp. (EAs of <90%). Excellent EAs were found for echinocandins with highly susceptible (MECs of <0.015 μg/ml) or intrinsically resistant (MECs of >16 μg/ml) strains. However, MEC determinations lacked consistency between methods for strains exhibiting mid-range MECs for echinocandins. We concluded that the Etest method is an appropriate alternative to BMD for antifungal susceptibility testing of molds under specific circumstances, including testing with amphotericin B or triazoles for non-Aspergillusmolds (MucoromycotinaandFusariumspp.). Additional study of molecularly characterized triazole-resistantAspergillusisolates is required to confirm the ability of the Etest method to detect voriconazole and posaconazole resistance amongAspergillusspp.

The prediction of the spectrum of biological activity and antimicrobial properties of diaminoazoles

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Butina ◽  
T.V. Kudayarova ◽  
E.A. Danilova ◽  
M.K. Islyaikin
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alternative Drugs

The work is devoted to predicting and studying biological properties of N-substituted analogs of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazole, which, in their turn, include in the composition of many drugs that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological actions. For searching of new alternative drugs with an antibacterial activity, but lacking resistance of microorganism strains to them, a computer screening of 2N-alkyl-substituted 5-amino-3-imino-1,2,4-thiadiazolines previously synthesized by us was carried out. The prediction of the spectrum of biological activity, as well as the determination of the probable toxicity of these compounds, was performed using the freely available computer programs PASS, Anti-Bac-Pred, and GUSAR. The study of the antibacterial activity in vitro against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosae) bacterial strains was performed by the disco-diffusion method. Experimental data roughly correspond to the predictions.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility Testing: Current Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Berkow ◽  
Shawn R. Lockhart ◽  
Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Automated Instruments

SUMMARY Although not as ubiquitous as antibacterial susceptibility testing, antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) is a tool of increasing importance in clinical microbiology laboratories. The goal of AFST is to reliably produce MIC values that may be used to guide patient therapy, inform epidemiological studies, and track rates of antifungal drug resistance. There are three methods that have been standardized by standards development organizations: broth dilution, disk diffusion, and azole agar screening for Aspergillus. Other commonly used methods include gradient diffusion and the use of rapid automated instruments. Novel methodologies for susceptibility testing are in development. It is important for laboratories to consider not only the method of testing but also the interpretation (or lack thereof) of in vitro data.

scholarly journals Development and multicentre validation of an agar-based screening method for echinocandin susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2247-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Meletiadis ◽  
Maria Siopi ◽  
Lamprini Kanioura ◽  
Karin Meinike Jørgensen ◽  
David S Perlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Minimal Effective Concentration

Abstract Background Reference antifungal susceptibility testing of echinocandins against Aspergillus spp. relies on the determination of the minimal effective concentration, which is difficult to perform, time-consuming and subjective. We developed and evaluated in a multicentre study an agar-based screening method for echinocandin susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. Methods Forty WT isolates [10 Aspergillus fumigatus species complex (SC), 10 Aspergillus flavus SC, 10 Aspergillus terreus SC and 10 Aspergillus niger SC] and 4 non-WT A. fumigatus isolates with or without known fks alterations were used. The optimal test conditions and stability over time were evaluated in preliminary studies monitoring colony growth. Twenty-microlitre aliquots of 1–2 McFarland inocula in 0.1% Tween 20 aqueous solution were added to each well and plates were incubated for 24/48 h at 35 ± 2°C. Subsequently, all isolates were tested blindly at three centres using four-well screening plates, containing anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin or no antifungal in each of the four wells, respectively. Results WT isolates produced fluffy colonies on drug-free agar wells only. The non-WT isolates produced fluffy colonies on echinocandin-containing and control agar wells. Using the echinocandin concentrations of 0.25 mg/L anidulafungin, 1 mg/L caspofungin and 0.125 mg/L micafungin, and the compact (non-fluffy) versus fluffy colony morphology endpoint, all centres successfully discriminated non-WT and WT strains even after 24 h. Among the three echinocandins, anidulafungin produced the clearest endpoints. Conclusions The four-well plate agar method is suitable for echinocandin susceptibility screening of Aspergillus spp. and can be used to detect echinocandin non-WT isolates.

scholarly journals Determination of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content and Antimicrobial Properties in Different Solvent Extracts of Viburnum opulus L. (Gilaburu) in Afyonkarahisar

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Mürüvvet Düz ◽  
Safiye Elif Korcan ◽  
Gülderen Uysal Akkuş
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
New Research ◽  
Medicinal Drug

This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of the Viburnum opulus (V. opulus) plant. V. opulus (Gilaburu) was collected from Ahırdağı northern slope, Kırka Town, Afyonkarahisar region, and its leaves, branches, and fruit parts were dried and powdered at room temperature. The total phenolic content was compared with the gallic acid standard, the total flavonoid content with the quercetin standard, and the iron chelating effect with the EDTA standard. All extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphyllococcus aureus, and Candida glabrata strains by the agar well diffusion method. Gilaburu is widely used in Turkey, especially in alternative medicine. It has been determined that the fruit part of the plant has better antimicrobial properties, and the amount of phenolic compounds increases in more polar solvents. In conclusion, the use of Gilaburu as a medicinal drug can be achieved with new research on bioactive substances, especially in fruit extract.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of aquatic extract of Myrtus communis leaves against Periodontitis isolated bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
Eman Mubdir Nayf ◽  
Hamzah Abdulrhaman Salman
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Potential Zone ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility

Abstract Myrtus communis is an evergreen plant that can survive stressful environments and high-temperature seasons. Treatment using green plants was the most trended in recent years. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of Myrtus communis leaves against bacteria isolated from periodontitis. Fifty samples were collected from periodontitis subjects in both genders (female 32 % and male 68 %). The isolates were diagnosed by morphological characterization and biochemical tests. M. communis leaves were identified, collected, and prepared for extraction. The plant leaves were extracted using distilled water. The antibacterial susceptibility testing was performed by the well diffusion method. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns were executed using the disc diffusion method. All the isolates belonged to gram-positive bacteria. Among the isolated bacteria, 20, 18, and 12 were Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The antibacterial susceptibility testing of M. communis extract showed a potential zone of inhibition against all the tested bacteria. Of the different concentrations, 30 mg/ml showed the highest zone of inhibition, 18.2 mm, 19.50 mm, and 30.66 mm against Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Among the tested antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against the tested bacteria. The aquatic extract of M. communis leaves was found to be effective against gram-positive bacteria. Further studies are warranted to investigate the active bio-compounds.

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