scholarly journals Chromosome Mediated Fluoroquinolone and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistant Genes in E. coli of Poultry Origin in Ekiti State

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
A. O. Oluyege ◽  
K. O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Band Size ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: One health approach aimed at solving global health crisis links human, animal, and environmental health. This inclusive strategy has contributed to antibiotic classification in both human and animal medicine. Aims: The aims of this research work are to determine the phylogenetic relationship of E. coli isolated from poultry and waste sources. The presence of chromosome mediated fluoroquinolone and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistant genes will also be detected in the isolates. Study Design: Experimental design. Methodology: Data on farming attitudes of poultry farmers were collected using a questionnaire. E. coli was isolated from fresh poultry droppings and waste disposal sites using eosine methylene blue agar. The antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates was determined using the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Phenotypic expression of fluoroquinolone (qnrS) and beta-lactamase (blaCMY) resistant traits were further detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out followed by sequence alignment of E. coli genes with those from GenBank sources to determine the molecular identity of the isolates. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) was run to determine the relationship between antibiotic treatment and resistant profile of the isolates. The phylogenetic relationship of the isolates was determined using Bio edit and Mega 6 software. Results: Organic poultry farming was practiced by small-scaled, peasant farmers who raised free range birds while antibiotics were widely used on farms that adopted intensive mode of               farming. The percentage occurrence of E. coli from waste disposal sources was lesser than that from fresh poultry droppings. Highest percentage of antibiotic resistance to the fluoroquinolones was found while the carbapenemase recorded the lowest. Statistical analysis shows that antibiotic treatment in poultry and resistant profile of isolates to antibiotics are directly related. The percentage similarity of gene sequence with those from Gene Data Bank (≥99.29%) validates the identity of the isolates as E. coli. About, 60% of the sampled population had the qnrS gene with a band size of approximately 322 base pair. Besides, 40% of the sampled isolates possessed the blaCMY gene with a band size of approximately 460 base pair. Both genes co-existed in the chromosome of 15% of the sampled isolates sourced from poultry droppings and waste sources. Phylogenetic classification links the origin of isolates from waste disposal sources to poultry production sites. Besides, variant strains of multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli from poultry with antibiotic treatment were more diverse compared to those obtained from birds raised without antibiotics. Conclusion: The qnrS and blaCMY genes found in multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli mediated resistance to critically important antibiotics. The co-existence of these genes in variants strains of E. coli occupying different phylogenetic clusters suggests that antibiotics were widely used on the   birds. Antibiotic treatment regimen in poultry may be responsible for the expression of antibiotic resistant genes found in the chromosome of the variant strains of E. coli.

Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Keffi, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Objectives: The present study reports extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from poultry droppings from selected poultry farms in Keffi, Nigeria. Methods: Seventy-five (75) samples of poultry droppings were collected, and E. coli was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by the isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  Molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples had E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance in the isolates were as follows: imipenem (12.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cefoxitin (37.3%), cefotaxime (41.3%), ceftazidime (44.0%), ciprofloxacin (48.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.7%), streptomycin (92.0%),  sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.0%) and ampicillin (98.7%). Joint resistance to ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-streptomycin was the commonest resistance phenotype at 10.6%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.3% (73/75) of the isolates; and the most common MAR indices were 0.7 (21.9%), 0.5 (17.8%), 0.4 (16.4%), 0.8 (11.1%) and 0.3 (10.9%). Twenty three (46.9%) of the 49 cefotaxime/ceftazidime isolates were confirmed ESBL producers. Twenty-two of the 23 ESBL positive isolates (95.7%) carried the bla genes as follows: 95.5% (21/22) for blaSHV; 68.2% (15/22) for blaTEM; and 50.0% (11/22) for blaCTX-M. Eleven (50%) of the 22 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaCTX-M and blaTEM and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates were less resistant to imipenem, gentamicin and cefoxitin; most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 7 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, the blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
G. R. I. Pennap ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Aims: This study investigates and reports the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates in poultry droppings sourced from selected poultry farms in Karu, Nigeria Study Design:  Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between August 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of ESBL production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples collected had E. coli. Antibiotic resistances in the isolates in decreasing order were as follows: ampicillin (96.7%), streptomycin (94.4%), sulphamethoxazole /trimethoprim (87.8%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (61.1%), gentamicin (52.2%), ciprofloxacin (40.0%), ceftazidime (35.6%), cefotaxime (31.1%), imipenems (22.2%), cefoxitin (13.3%). The commonest antibiotic resistant phenotype was AMP-SXT-S-CTX-CN (8.8%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 92.2% (83/90) of the isolates with the common MAR indices being 0.5 (26.5%), 0.6 (19.2%), 0.4 (13.2%) and 0.9 (10.8%). Fifty nine of the eighty beta-lactam resistant isolates (73.7%) were confirmed ESBL producers. 55 of the 59 ESBL positive isolates (93.2%) carried bla genes as follows:   blaSHV (50/55, 90.9%), blaTEM (31/55, 56.3%) and blaCTX-M (46/55, 83.6%). Thirty six (65.5%) of the 55 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaTEM, blaTEM and blaCTX-M, and blaCTX-M and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates showed lower resistances to cefoxitin, imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin and most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 5 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in the confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Clinical and demographic features associated with infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli in a health system in Maine, 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene W. Liu ◽  
Sarah N. Buss ◽  
Jennifer L. Trumbo ◽  
Tina M. Temples
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Control Study

Abstract In this case–case control study, we identified receipt of β-lactam antibiotics and older age as independently associated with increased infection risk with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli among residents aged 20–88 years in a rural Maine hospital system where the infection prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli is low.

scholarly journals Frequency of antibiotic resistant enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in bovine carcasses at a slaughterhouse in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e475974339
Author(s):  
Ariel Eurides Stella ◽  
Gracielle Teles Pádua ◽  
Cecília Nunes Moreira ◽  
Paula Siqueira Martins ◽  
Maurício Costa Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coli (E. coli) comes in second place among microorganisms involved in outbreaks of foodborne diseases in Brazil and is among the 4 most prominent worldwide. Due to its importance, the purpose of this work is to verify microbiological quality by the presence of E. coli in bovine carcasses. A total of 365 E. coli were isolated by swabs of 154 carcasses of cattle, slaughtered in the municipality of Mineiros – GO, Brazil. The frequency of E. coli in the samples collected was 81% (125/154). Of these E. coli, 16 had the gene eae, and none presented the genes stx1 or stx2, so were therefore classified as EPEC. Thus, the frequency of EPEC in the carcasses was 9.7% (15/154). The strains were classified as part of the A or B1 groups. As for antimicrobial resistance, the antibiotics with the highest percentages of resistance were Cephalothin with 82% (41/50), followed by Gentamicin and Amikacin with 26% (13/50) each. None of the samples showed any production of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme, but three EPECs were classified as multi-drug resistant. The results demonstrate the presence of multi-resistant EPEC in bovine carcasses slaughtered in Mineiros city, Brazil.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolates in 17 municipal wastewater utilities across Oregon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Khorshidi Zadeh ◽  
Sue Yee Yiu ◽  
Jacquelynn N Nguyen ◽  
Gabriela L Garza ◽  
Joy Waite-Cusic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

Wastewater treatment utilities are considered one of the main sources and reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in wastewater treatment systems across the state of Oregon. Influent, secondary effluent, final effluent, and biosolids were collected from 17 wastewater treatment utilities across Oregon during the winter and summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 (n = 246). E. coli strains were recovered from samples by culturing on mTEC, followed by confirmation with MacConkey with MUG agar plates. Antibiotic susceptibility of 1143 E. coli isolates against 8 antibiotics were determined, and resistance profiles and indices were analyzed between utilities, seasons, and flows. Antibiotic resistance phenotypes were detected in 31.6% of the collected E. coli isolates. Among those antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates, multi-drug resistance (i.e., resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics) was harbored by 27.7% with some strains showing resistance to up to six classes of antibiotics. The most prevalent resistance was to ampicillin (n = 207) and the most common combinations of multi-drug resistance included simultaneous resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline (n = 49), followed by ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 46). Significant correlations were observed between resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and resistances to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline (p < 0.001). A small percentage (1.1%) of the E. coli isolates displayed extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) activity and a single isolate carried resistance to imipenem. Compared to wastewater influent, ciprofloxacin resistance was significantly more prevalent in biosolids (p <0.05) and tetracycline resistance was significantly lower in effluent (p <0.05). Seasonal impact on antibiotic-resistant E. coli in wastewater influent was observed through significantly higher multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, ampicillin resistance prevalence, and ciprofloxacin resistance prevalence in summer compared to winter (p < 0.05). This state-wide study confirms the widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistant, multi-drug resistant, and extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing E. coli in wastewater systems across different flows and seasonal variations, making them the recipients, reservoirs, and sources of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Nasarawa, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
G. R. I. Pennap ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Aims: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from droppings of from selected poultry farms in Nasarawa, Nigeria. Study Design: Investigative Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: A total of 90 samples from poultry droppings were collected from selected farms. Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The prevalence of E. coli was 100%. Antibiotic resistances of E. coli were recorded as follows: streptomycin (S: 94.4%), sulphamethoxazole / trimethoprim (SXT: 90.0%), ampicillin (AMP: 88.9%), gentamicin (CN: 68.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC: 55.6%), ciprofloxacin (CIP: 41.1%), cefoxitin (FOX: 35.6%), ceftazidime (CAZ: 34.4%), cefotaxime (CTX: 22.2%), and imipenems (IPM: 17.8%). The most common antibiotic resistant resistance phenotype was AMP-CTX-CAZ-CIP-CN (11.1%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.7% (88/90) of the isolates, with the common MAR index being 0.5 (33.3%). Twenty five of the thirty beta-lactam resistant isolates (83.3%) were confirmed ESBL producers. The 25 ESBL positive isolates carried bla genes as follows: blaTEM (11/25, 44.0%) and blaCTX-M (18/25, 72.0%). blaSHV was not found in any isolate. Conclusion: E. coli isolated from the droppings of selected poultry farms in Nasarawa were less resistant to imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoxitin in the study location. This implies that the antibiotics are useful in the treatment of infection caused by E. coli. Also, ESBL-positive E. coli isolates harbored ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M as the most common.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteria, Including Strains with Genes Encoding the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and QnrS, in Waterbirds on the Baltic Sea Coast of Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (24) ◽  
pp. 8126-8134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Literak ◽  
Monika Dolejska ◽  
Dagmar Janoszowska ◽  
Jolana Hrusakova ◽  
Wlodzimierz Meissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Baltic

ABSTRACT Individual cloacal swabs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and of herring gulls (Larus argentatus), as well as samples of waterbird feces obtained in 2008 and 2009, were cultivated for Escherichia coli. Isolates of E. coli were tested for susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the samples were subcultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg liter−1) to detect E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and subsequently on MCA supplemented with ciprofloxacin (0.05 mg liter−1) and MCA with nalidixic acid (20 mg liter−1) to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. PCR was used to detect specific antibiotic resistance genes. We found 9 E. coli isolates producing ESBL with bla genes: bla CTX-M-1 (6 isolates), bla CTX-M-9 plus bla TEM-1b (1 isolate), bla CTX-M-15 plus bla OXA-1 (1 isolate), and bla SHV-12 (1 isolate). In the isolate with bla CTX-M-15, the gene aac(6)-Ib-cr was also detected. The bla genes were harbored by transferable plasmids of the IncN and IncI1 groups. Nine quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates with qnrS genes were found and characterized. The gene qnrS was associated with a Tn3-like transposon on the IncX1 plasmid together with bla TEM-1 in two isolates. The gene qnrS was also harbored by conjugative plasmids of the IncN and IncX2 groups. Even if populations of wild birds are not directly influenced by antibiotic practice, we have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains, including strains with various ESBL and qnrS genes, are found in the feces of wild birds on the coast of the Baltic Sea in Poland.

Relationship of antibiotic resistance to results of treatment in sepsis patients in Hue Central Hospital 2017 – 2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Nguyen ◽  
Trung Tien Phan ◽  
Trong Hanh Hoang ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of

Sepsis is a serious bacterial infection. The main treatment is using antibiotics. However, the rate of antibiotic resistance is very high and this resistance is related to the outcome of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance of some isolated bacteria in sepsis patients treated at Hue Central Hospital; to evaluate the relationship of antibiotic resistance to the treatment results in patients with sepsis. Subjects and methods: prospective study of 60 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the criteria of the 3rd International Consensus-Sepsis 3 and its susceptibility patterns from April 2017 to August 2018. Results and Conclusions: The current agents of sepsis are mainly S. suis, Burkhoderiae spp. and E. coli. E. coli is resistant to cephalosporins 3rd, 4th generation and quinolone group is over 75%; resistance to imipenem 11.1%; the ESBL rate is 60%. S. suis resistant to ampicilline 11.1%; no resistance has been recorded to ceftriaxone and vancomycine. Resistance of Burkholderiae spp. to cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 42.9% and 55.6%, resistant to imipenem and meropenem is 20%, resistance to ceftazidime was not recorded. The deaths were mostly dued to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The mortality for patients infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are higher than for sensitive groups. Key words: Sepsis, bacterial infection, antibiotics

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