Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Keffi, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Objectives: The present study reports extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from poultry droppings from selected poultry farms in Keffi, Nigeria. Methods: Seventy-five (75) samples of poultry droppings were collected, and E. coli was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by the isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  Molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples had E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance in the isolates were as follows: imipenem (12.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cefoxitin (37.3%), cefotaxime (41.3%), ceftazidime (44.0%), ciprofloxacin (48.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.7%), streptomycin (92.0%),  sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.0%) and ampicillin (98.7%). Joint resistance to ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-streptomycin was the commonest resistance phenotype at 10.6%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.3% (73/75) of the isolates; and the most common MAR indices were 0.7 (21.9%), 0.5 (17.8%), 0.4 (16.4%), 0.8 (11.1%) and 0.3 (10.9%). Twenty three (46.9%) of the 49 cefotaxime/ceftazidime isolates were confirmed ESBL producers. Twenty-two of the 23 ESBL positive isolates (95.7%) carried the bla genes as follows: 95.5% (21/22) for blaSHV; 68.2% (15/22) for blaTEM; and 50.0% (11/22) for blaCTX-M. Eleven (50%) of the 22 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaCTX-M and blaTEM and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates were less resistant to imipenem, gentamicin and cefoxitin; most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 7 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, the blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
G. R. I. Pennap ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Aims: This study investigates and reports the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates in poultry droppings sourced from selected poultry farms in Karu, Nigeria Study Design:  Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between August 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of ESBL production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples collected had E. coli. Antibiotic resistances in the isolates in decreasing order were as follows: ampicillin (96.7%), streptomycin (94.4%), sulphamethoxazole /trimethoprim (87.8%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (61.1%), gentamicin (52.2%), ciprofloxacin (40.0%), ceftazidime (35.6%), cefotaxime (31.1%), imipenems (22.2%), cefoxitin (13.3%). The commonest antibiotic resistant phenotype was AMP-SXT-S-CTX-CN (8.8%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 92.2% (83/90) of the isolates with the common MAR indices being 0.5 (26.5%), 0.6 (19.2%), 0.4 (13.2%) and 0.9 (10.8%). Fifty nine of the eighty beta-lactam resistant isolates (73.7%) were confirmed ESBL producers. 55 of the 59 ESBL positive isolates (93.2%) carried bla genes as follows:   blaSHV (50/55, 90.9%), blaTEM (31/55, 56.3%) and blaCTX-M (46/55, 83.6%). Thirty six (65.5%) of the 55 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaTEM, blaTEM and blaCTX-M, and blaCTX-M and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates showed lower resistances to cefoxitin, imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin and most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 5 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in the confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance of Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
Y. B, Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
B. E. Bassey ◽  
P. A. Tsaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Aims: This study investigated the phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from diarrheic patients attending some major health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between December, 2017 to March, 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 confirmed E. coli isolates from loose stool samples of patients with suspected cases of diarrhea (69 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi [MCK] 69 from General Hospital Akwanga [GHA] and 69 from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia [DASHL]) were included in this study. Results: E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility testing for the isolates was carried out and interpreted in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. Phenotypic detection of ESBL production in isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime) was carried out using double disc synergy test. The occurrence of E. coli was 100% in all the hospitals. Age groups 0-5 and 6-10 years have the highest occurrence than age group 35 – >45 years. Isolates from DASHL were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (86.9%), Streptomycin (75.0%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (68.1%), isolates from FMCK were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (84.1%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (69.6%), isolates from GHA were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (85.5%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73.0%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed with the order of occurrence: FMCK (98.6%) > DASHL (92.8%) > GHA (89.9%). The most common MAR index of 0.2 in DASHL was 0.4 (20.3%); FMCK was 0.4 (15.9%) and GHA was 0.3 (17.4%). The order of occurrence of classes of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates in DASHL was MDR (84.0%) ˃ XDR(7.2%) > PDR and NMDR (4.3%); in FMCK was MDR (91.3%) ˃ XDR(4.3%) ˃ NMDR (2.9%) and PDR(1.4%); and in GHA was MDR (88.8%) ˃ NMDR(5.8%) > XDR and PDR(2.9%). Detection rate of ESBL was 53.6% (30/207), distributed in relation to the location as DASHL (60.0%), FMCK (50.0%) and GHA (52.6%). Conclusion: Most of the isolates from the study locations were antibiotic resistance. Further studies on molecular detection of ESBL, diversity and characterization of the E. coli into pathotypes are ongoing.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Selected Health Care Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
B. E. Bassey ◽  
P. A. Tsaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Esbl Producers

Aims: This study investigated the molecular diversity and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from patients attending selected healthcare facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between December 2017 and June, 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 confirmed E. coli isolates (using standard microbiological methods) from loose stool samples of patients with suspected cases of diarrhea (69 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi [MCK] 69 from General Hospital Akwanga [GHA] and 69 from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia [DASHL]) were included in this study. Results: Phenotypic detection of ESBL production by β-lactam resistant isolates was done using double disc synergy test. Molecular detection of ESBL genes in phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Out of 56 isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin from DASHL, FMCK and GHA, 53.6% (30/56) were ESBL producers, distributed in relation to the hospitals as follows: blaCTX-M in DASHL was 6(66.7%), FMCK was 11(100.0%), and GHA was 10(100.0%); blaSHV in DASHL was 8(88.9%), FMCK was 7(63.6%), and GHA was 10(100.0%), and blaTEM in DASHL was 9(100.0%), FMCK was 10(90.9%), and GHA was 10(100.0%). Also, the occurrence of blaSHV was 100.0% in GHA but 88.9% in DASHL. The detection DEC was high in DASHL (88.9%) but low inGHA (58.8%). The occurrence of ETEC was high in GHA (60.0%) while EAEC was also high in FMCK (81.8%) and GHA (70.0%). The isolates were distributed into strain A – J based on RFLP pattern and the occurrence of strain A was high in GHA (70.0%) but low in DASHL (33.3%). Conclusion: Most of the isolates were both diarrheagenic and ESBL resistant, and the predominant ESBL and pathotypes genes were blaCTX-M, blaTEM and EAEC. Further studies on molecular detection of sub-types of ESBL and sequencing of diarrheagenic pathotypes genes should be carried out.

scholarly journals Beta Lactamase Genes of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Anorectal Sepsis Cases in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽  
Md Abdul Malek ◽  
AKM Fazlul Haque ◽  
Kaisar Ali Talukder ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

A microbiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in anorectal sepsis patients in Bangladesh. One hundred specimens of pus, swab, or exudates from anorectal sepsis cases were studied. All the 61 isolates of E. coli were found to be highly resistant to most of the drugs used. Among these, 14 multidrug resistant E. coli were examined for ESBL production by double disc diffusion method. Six of these were found to be ESBL positive. PCR analysis revealed that 3 of the 6 isolates had coexistence of blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTXM-1 genes. Two of the isolates had only blaSHV gene, whereas 1 isolate had a combination of blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Three of these were resistant to all the drugs tested, while two were sensitive to getamicin and one to ciprofloxacin. None of the E. coli strains possessed blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-8, blaCTXM-9, and qnr genes.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 23-29

scholarly journals Occurrence and faecal shedding of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in sows and their offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Jan Vašek ◽  
Jonáš Vaňhara ◽  
Monika Dolejská ◽  
Martina Masaříková ◽  
Alois Čížek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Esbl Producers

The aim of the present study was to monitor the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli on farm A with the history of previous use of ceftiofur in suckling pigletsand to analyse the risk factors of selection and dissemination of ESBL producers in the production herd. In the year of 2014, a total of 411 samples (rectal swabs or faeces)from pigs of various age categories (sows, gilts and suckling piglets) were collected. The sampling was performed more than 24 months after the ban of ceftiofur on the farm.The sows and gilts were sampled repeatedly before and after farrowing. All collected samples were directly cultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg/l) and obtained sub-cultures were tested for ESBL production by double disc synergy test. According to our results, all gilts were negative for ESBL-producing E. coli in the introduction period, however, the excretion of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed before and after delivery. Most of the new-born piglets from positive sows and gilts shed ESBL-producing E. coli early after birth. All tested ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials, suggesting that antibiotics from other groups used for therapy co-select for ESBL producers in pigs on the studied farm. Intestinal colonization of lactating sows and their offspring as well as survival of ESBL-producing E. coli in the farm environment should be recognised as important risk factors of circulation and long-time persistence of ESBL producers in the herd.

Multidrug Resistance and the Predominance of blaCTX-M in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae of Animal and Water Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilel Hassen ◽  
Senda Sghaier ◽  
Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽  
Mohamed Amine Ferjani ◽  
Meriam Ben Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Animal Isolates

The aim of this work was the genetic characterization of cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteria from animals (53 samples), the surface water of rivers (17 samples), and wastewater treatment plants (43 samples) in Tunisia. A total of 48 (42.4%) cefotaxime-resistant isolates were recovered. An extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype with a positive double-disk synergy test (DDST) was exhibited by 34 (70.8%) and 14 (29.1%) isolates from water and animal origins, respectively. Isolates from water were identified as: <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 17), <i>Hafnia</i> spp<i>.</i> (<i>n</i> = 13), <i>Citrobacter</i> spp<i>.</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), and <i>K. oxytoca</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Animal isolates were identified as: <i>E. coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 11), <i>E. cloacae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Hafnia</i> spp<i>.</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). PCR investigation of <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> genes showed that amongst the 48 isolates with a positive DDST, 41 (87.5%) carried the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> gene, 1 isolate harbored the <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> gene, and 1 isolate coharbored <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> with <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> genes. The class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 27 (56.2%) and 1 (2%) isolates, respectively. Our study showed a significant occurrence of ESBL-producing enterobacteria in animals and aquatic environments with a predominance of <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> genes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Nasarawa, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
G. R. I. Pennap ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Aims: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from droppings of from selected poultry farms in Nasarawa, Nigeria. Study Design: Investigative Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: A total of 90 samples from poultry droppings were collected from selected farms. Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The prevalence of E. coli was 100%. Antibiotic resistances of E. coli were recorded as follows: streptomycin (S: 94.4%), sulphamethoxazole / trimethoprim (SXT: 90.0%), ampicillin (AMP: 88.9%), gentamicin (CN: 68.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC: 55.6%), ciprofloxacin (CIP: 41.1%), cefoxitin (FOX: 35.6%), ceftazidime (CAZ: 34.4%), cefotaxime (CTX: 22.2%), and imipenems (IPM: 17.8%). The most common antibiotic resistant resistance phenotype was AMP-CTX-CAZ-CIP-CN (11.1%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.7% (88/90) of the isolates, with the common MAR index being 0.5 (33.3%). Twenty five of the thirty beta-lactam resistant isolates (83.3%) were confirmed ESBL producers. The 25 ESBL positive isolates carried bla genes as follows: blaTEM (11/25, 44.0%) and blaCTX-M (18/25, 72.0%). blaSHV was not found in any isolate. Conclusion: E. coli isolated from the droppings of selected poultry farms in Nasarawa were less resistant to imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoxitin in the study location. This implies that the antibiotics are useful in the treatment of infection caused by E. coli. Also, ESBL-positive E. coli isolates harbored ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M as the most common.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli from dairy farms in the Sleman district of Yogyakarta province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-535
Author(s):  
Kusnul Yuli Maulana ◽  
◽  
Duangporn Pichpol ◽  
Nur Rohmi Farhani ◽  
Dyah Ayu Widiasih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Water Feed

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections are a global health challenge resulting from human contact with infected animals and contaminated farm environments. This study aims to identify antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from dairy farms in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Ninety-three dairy farms with a history of antibiotic use in the previous 6 months were identified. Samples were collected from 6 different sources (feces, milk, wastewater, animal drinking water, feed and rinses of workers’ hands) on each farm during August through November 2020. These samples were cultured with conventional microbiological methods for the isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli. ESBL-producing E. coli was identified in one or more of the sources in 54% (50/93) of the dairy farms sampled. Fecal samples were the most commonly positive (25%) while wastewater, animal drinking water feed, milk and hand rinses were positive at 16%, 10%, 5%, 4% and 3% respectively. Colonies from each positive sample were screened for antibiotic susceptibility test using the Vitek-2 system. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin were found in 74%, 63% and 48% of the isolates, respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) was identified in 50% (63/127) of the isolates. In conclusion, ESBL-producing E. coli appears widespread in dairy farms using antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance among these bacteria is common in this study area. Further study of the risk of human transmission from contaminated cattle and their environments could benefit the national antimicrobial resistance strategic plans.

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Kayastha ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Shovana Karki ◽  
Bipin Adhikari ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background Emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic strains has spread due to production of β-lactamases, which can lead to failure of empirical therapy in clinical settings. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, particularly third generation cephalosporins has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aims to determine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli and Klebsiella species isolated from various clinical samples. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from August 2017 to January 2018. Various clinical samples that included urine, pus, Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF), body fluids, wound swab, endotracheal tip, catheter tip and blood were processed for culture. Following sufficient incubation, isolates were identified by colony morphology, gram staining and necessary biochemical tests. Identified bacterial isolates were then tested for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and were subjected to Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) screening by using 30µg cefotaxime and ceftazidime. ESBL production was confirmed by combination disc method. Results From a total of 103 non-duplicated clinical isolates, E. coli (n=79), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=18) and K. oxytoca (n=6) were isolated from different clinical specimens. Majority (62.1%; 64/103) exhibited Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) and 28.2% (29/103) were ESBL producers. All of ESBL producing isolates were resistant towards ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime. Most ESBL producers were found to be susceptible towards imipenem (89.7%; 26/29), nitrofurantoin (82.8%; 24/29), piperacillin/tazobactam (79.3%; 23/29), and Amikacin (72.4%; 21/29). Conclusions High prevalence of multi-drug resistant ESBL organisms found in this study warrants restricting empirical treatment of the bacterial infection. Identification of ESBL producers in routine treatment of infectious diseases can reduce unnecessary and inappropriate antimicrobial use and can reduce the preventable morbidity and mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document