scholarly journals Social Franchising: A Blockbuster to Address Unmet Need for Family Planning and to Advance Toward the FP2020 Goal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-148 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Social Franchising

Economic returns of family planning and fertility decline in India, 1991–2061

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Srinivas Goli ◽  
K. S. James ◽  
Devender Singh ◽  
Venkatesh Srinivasan ◽  
Rakesh Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Reproductive Health Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Global Evidence

Abstract Investment in family planning (FP) provides returns through a lifetime. Global evidence shows that FP is the second-best buy in terms of return on investment after liberalizing trade. In this study, we estimate the cumulative benefits of FP investments for India from 1991 to 2016 and project them up to 2061 with four scenarios of fertility levels. The findings suggest that India will have greater elasticity of FP investments to lifetime economic returns compared to the world average (cost–revenue ratio of 1:120). We have taken four scenarios for the goalpost, viz., 2.1, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.4. Although different scenarios of total fertility rate (TFR) levels at the goalpost (i.e., the year 2061) offer varied lifetime returns from FP, scenario TFR < 1.8 will be counterproductive and will reduce the potential benefits. With a comprehensive approach, if the country focuses more on improving the quality of FP services and on reducing the unmet need for FP to enhance reproductive health care and expand maximum opportunities for education and employment for both women and men, it can improve its potential to reap more benefits.

scholarly journals Role of husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Asif ◽  
Zahid Pervaiz ◽  
Jawad Rahim Afridi ◽  
Ghulam Abid ◽  
Zohra S. Lassi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Family planning services deliver a wide range of benefits to the well-being of females and the community. It can curtail the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality through the reduction in abortions and pregnancies. The government of Pakistan has been struggling to convince people about the usefulness of family planning programs. However, different factors related to social norms, values, and culture are important to determine the success of these programs. One such factor is the patriarchal structure of Pakistani society where most of the household decisions are made by men. The objective of this research is to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for the unmet need of family planning (UMNFP) among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in Pakistan. Method The dataset of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 is utilized to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives in UMNFP among MWRA in Pakistan. Results The UMNFP was considerably lower among MWRA between 40 years and above compared to women 15–19 years. The odds of UMNFP were higher among women and men who were educated up to the primary level compared to those with no education. Odds of UMNFP were higher among women from the poor wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile; similarly, it was significantly lower among women who were from the richer and the richest wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile. The odds of UMNFP were lower among women who were employed compared to those who were not employed. Lastly, the odds of UMNFP were higher among women whose husbands opposed to using contraceptives, who perceived that there was a religious prohibition for such use and when a decision on the contraception use was solely made by the husband. Conclusions Husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives is an important predictor of UMNFP. Liaising with the community and religious leaders to persuade people particularly men about the usefulness of family planning programs and encouraging men to understand their women’s say in using contraceptives should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Association between media exposure and family planning in Myanmar and Philippines: evidence from nationally representative survey data

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranta Das ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Hasan Al Banna ◽  
Temitayo Eniola Sodunke ◽  
John Elvis Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Mass Media Exposure

Abstract Background Although women in South Asia and South-east Asia have developed their knowledge regarding modern contraceptive and other family planning techniques, limited information exists on the influence of mass media exposure on the utilization of contraceptives and family planning. The current study examined the association between media exposure and family planning in Myanmar and Philippines. Methods The study analyzed data from the 2017 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and 2015–16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS). Three family planning indicators were considered in this study (i.e., contraceptive use, demand satisfied regarding family planning and unmet need for family planning). A binary logistic regression model was fitted to see the effect of media exposure on each family planning indicator in the presence of covariates such as age group, residence, education level, partner education level, socio-economic status, number of living children, age at first marriage, and working status. Results The prevalence of contraception use was 57.2% in the Philippines and 55.7% in Myanmar. The prevalence of demand satisfied regarding family planning was 70.5 and 67.1% in the Philippines and Myanmar respectively. Unmet need regarding family planning was 16.6% and 19.9% in the Philippines and Myanmar respectively. After adjusting for the covariates, the results showed that women who were exposed to media were more likely to use contraception in Philippines (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42–3.54) and Myanmar (aOR 1.39, 95% CI = 1.15–1.67). Media exposure also had a significant positive effect on demand satisfaction regarding family planning in the Philippines (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.42–3.37) and Myanmar (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09–1.64). However, there was no significant association between media exposure and unmet need in both countries. Conclusions The study established a strong association between mass media exposure and the use and demand satisfaction for family planning among married and cohabiting women in Philippines and Myanmar. Using mass media exposure (e.g., local radio, television- electronic; newspapers) to increase both access and usage of contraceptives as well as other family planning methods in these countries could be pivotal towards the attainment of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) of improving maternal health.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of contraceptive use and discontinuation among women with an unmet need for modern contraception in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ontiri ◽  
Lilian Mutea ◽  
Violet Naanyu ◽  
Mark Kabue ◽  
Regien Biesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation

Abstract Background Addressing the unmet need for modern contraception underpins the goal of all family planning and contraception programs. Contraceptive discontinuation among those in need of a method hinders the attainment of the fertility desires of women, which may result in unintended pregnancies. This paper presents experiences of contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentions to use modern contraceptives. Methods Qualitative data were collected in two rural counties in Kenya in 2019 from women with unmet need for contraception who were former modern contraceptive users. Additional data was collected from male partners of some of the women interviewed. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions explored previous experience with contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentionality to use. Following data collection, digitally recorded data were transcribed verbatim, translated, and coded using thematic analysis through an inductive approach. Results Use of modern contraception to prevent pregnancy and plan for family size was a strong motivator for uptake of contraceptives. The contraceptive methods used were mainly sourced from public health facilities though adolescents got them from the private sector. Reasons for discontinued use included side effects, method failure, peer influence, gender-based violence due to covert use of contraceptives, and failure within the health system. Five reasons were provided for those not willing to use in the future: fear of side effects, cost of contraceptive services, family conflicts over the use of modern contraceptives, reduced need, and a shift to traditional methods. Conclusion This study expands the literature by examining reasons for contraceptive discontinuation and future intentionality to use among women in need of contraception. The results underscore the need for family planning interventions that incorporate quality of care in service provision to address contraceptive discontinuation. Engaging men and other social influencers in family planning programs and services will help garner support for contraception, rather than focusing exclusively on women. The results of this study can inform implementation of family planning programs in Kenya and beyond to ensure they address the concerns of former modern contraception users.

Use of human rights to meet the unmet need for family planning

The Lancet ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 380 (9837) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Cottingham ◽  
Adrienne Germain ◽  
Paul Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need

Trend and predictors of change of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey from 2005-2016: Multivariate decomposition analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiyu Abadi Tareke ◽  
Ermias Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Predictors Of Change

Abstract Background: Family planning is a key method for reducing population growth and improving maternal and child health by spacing births and preventing unwanted pregnancies. have an unmet need for family planning is defined as women believed to be sexually involved but are not using some form of contraception, either do not want to have more children (Limiting) or want to delay their next birth for at least two years, (Spacing).Methods: The data for this study arrived from the Ethiopia Demographic Health Surveys in 2005, 2011, and 2016 to investigate trends and Predictors of change of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. A pooled weighted sample of 26,230 (7761 in 2005, 9136 in 2011 and 9,333 in 2016 Ethiopian demographic health surveys) reproductive-age women used for this study. For the overall trend (2005-2016) multivariate decomposition analysis for non-linear response outcome was calibrated to identify the factors contributed to the change of unmet need for family planning. The Logit based multivariate decomposition analysis utilizes the output from the logistic regression model to assign the observed change in in unmet need for family planning over time into two components. Stata version 16.0 was used to analysis the data.Result: among reproductive age women in Ethiopia the magnitude of unmet need for family planning decreased from 39.6% in 2005 to 23.6% in 2016. From the decomposition analysis change of unmet need for family planning was due to change in characteristics and coefficients. About nine in ten changes in unmet need for family planning was attributable to the difference in coefficients. Factors that associated with the change of unmet need for family planning over the last 11 years were educational status, birth order, and desired number of children.Conclusion: Remarkable change in unmet need for FP was observed between the period of 2005 and 2016. Both change in characteristics and coefficient were the contributing to observed change. Majority of the change in unmet need for FP was due to difference in coefficient over the study period. Mainly the change of unmet need for FP was due to change in women having birth order of five and above, having secondary education and women who desired number of children below five.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Unmet Need of Family Planning Among Married Tharu Women of Dang District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Sigma Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Communication Program

Background. Increase in population plays a decisive role in providing universal access to reproductive health; however, there is very limited evidence about the reason of unmet need among marginalized and tribal communities such as Tharus. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting unmet need of family planning among married Tharu women of Dang, Nepal. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional household survey among 650 married Tharu women of age group 15-49 in October 2015 to April 2016 was conducted in Dang district, Nepal. Randomly 3 wards were selected from each Tulsipur municipality, Hekuli Village Development Committee, and Pawan Nagar VDC. Results. The mean age and parity were 30±7.31 and 2±0.69, respectively. Out of 650 women, 47% were using contraceptives. Westoff model was used for calculating total unmet need which is 49%, where unmet need for limiting and spacing was 27% and 22%, respectively. Hence after combining the current users and total unmet need, total demand for family planning was 96%. After adjustment, significant relation was observed between number of living sons ≥ 1 and unmet need of family planning (OR= 0.4; CI=0.2-0.8, p=0.01 ), similarly for women education; lower secondary level (OR=0.3; CI=0.1-0.6, p=0.01) and secondary (OR=0.1; CI=0.03-0.4, p=0.01); husband education, lower secondary level (OR=0.3; CI=0.1-0.6, p=0.01) and secondary (OR=0.4; CI= 0.2-0.9, p=0.04); and husband occupation, wage labor (OR=0.6; CI=0.4-0.99, p=0.05). In addition, having very good knowledge about method was also significantly associated (OR=0.49; CI= 0.2-0.97, p= 0.04). Conclusion. Unmet need of family planning was significantly higher among less than secondary educated women. It is also predisposed by spouse education, partner’s occupation, and number of living sons. This study concerns the need for all stake holders to focus on strategic behavior communication program regarding reproductive health.

scholarly journals Stigma as a barrier to family planning use among married youth in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-519
Author(s):  
Aparna Jain ◽  
Hussein Ismail ◽  
Elizabeth Tobey ◽  
Annabel Erulkar
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Groups ◽  
Anticipated Stigma ◽  
Youth Friendly Service

AbstractNearly 33 million female youths have an unmet need for voluntary family planning (FP), meaning they are sexually active and do not want to become pregnant. In Ethiopia, age at marriage remains low: 40% and 14% of young women aged 20–24 were married by the ages of 18 and 15, respectively. Despite increases in FP use by married 15- to 24-year-olds from 5% in 2000 to 37% in 2016, unmet need remains high at 19%. Supply-and-demand factors have been shown to limit FP use, yet little is known about how stigma influences FP use among youth. This study validates an anticipated stigma (expectation of discrimination from others) index and explores its effect on unmet need. A cross-sectional survey was implemented with 15- to 24-year-old female youth in Ethiopia in 2016. The analytic sample included married respondents with a demand (met and unmet need) for FP (n=371). A five-item anticipated stigma index (Cronbach’sα=0.66) was developed using principal component factor analysis. These items related to fear, worry and embarrassment when accessing FP. The findings showed that 30% agreed with at least one anticipated stigma question; 44% had an unmet need; 58% were married before age 18; and 100% could name an FP method and knew where to obtain FP. In multivariate regression models, youth who experienced anticipated stigma were significantly more likely to have an unmet need, and those who lived close to a youth-friendly service (YFS) site were significantly less likely to have an unmet need. Interventions should address anticipated stigma while focusing on social norms that restrict married youth from accessing FP; unmet need may be mitigated in the presence of a YFS; and the anticipated stigma index appears valid and reliable but should be tested in other countries and among different adolescent groups.

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