scholarly journals RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF A COASTAL DIKE AND DUNE SYSTEM AT THE SOUTH OF FALSTER, DENMARK

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Andreas Kortenhaus ◽  
David Schürenkamp ◽  
Thorsten Piontkowitz ◽  
Hocine Oumeraci
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The South ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Dune Erosion ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Run Up

The ‘Falster dike’ is a system of a coastal vegetated dunes with a grass-covered sand dike protecting a low-lying area of about 7,000 summer houses, many of which being inhabited during winter, and therefore in danger of any storm surge induced flooding. The paper discusses (i) the assessment and uncertainties of relevant data such as bathymetry, topography, wind and wave data, water levels; (ii) deterministic calculations of wave run-up and overtopping of the dike without dunes; (iii) the calculations of dune erosion; and (iv) a reliability assessment of a dune and dike system. Results suggest that the dunes in front of the dikes lead to a significantly increased safety of the flood defences and will therefore withstand present and future conditions, including climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Storm Surge by Forward Speed of Typhoon in the South Coast of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Young Hyun Park ◽  
Woo-Sun Park
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
The South ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Sea Area

The damage caused by typhoons is gradually increasing due to the climate change recently. Hence, many studies have been conducted over a long period of time on various factors that determine the characteristics of storm surge, and most of relationships have been discovered. Because storm surge is complexly determined by various factors, it often show different results and draw different conclusions. For this reason, this study was conducted to understand the various characteristics of storm surge caused by changes in the forward speed of typhoons. This study was carried out with a numerical model, and the effect of forward speed could be analyzed by simplifying other factors as much as possible. When forward speed is increased, storm surges caused by typhoons tended to increase gradually. The storm surge showed a wide and gentle increase at a slow speed, but a narrow and steep one at a fast speed. In the case of the same forward speed, it was found that the storm surge was significantly influenced by the water depth of actual sea area. It was confirmed that the change in forward speed after passing Jeju Island did not significant affect on the storm surge in the south coast of Korea.

scholarly journals Severe Drought in Finland: Modeling Effects on Water Resources and Assessing Climate Change Impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Veijalainen ◽  
Lauri Ahopelto ◽  
Mika Marttunen ◽  
Jaakko Jääskeläinen ◽  
Ritva Britschgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Severe droughts cause substantial damage to different socio-economic sectors, and even Finland, which has abundant water resources, is not immune to their impacts. To assess the implications of a severe drought in Finland, we carried out a national scale drought impact analysis. Firstly, we simulated water levels and discharges during the severe drought of 1939–1942 (the reference drought) in present-day Finland with a hydrological model. Secondly, we estimated how climate change would alter droughts. Thirdly, we assessed the impact of drought on key water use sectors, with a focus on hydropower and water supply. The results indicate that the long-lasting reference drought caused the discharges to decrease at most by 80% compared to the average annual minimum discharges. The water levels generally fell to the lowest levels in the largest lakes in Central and South-Eastern Finland. Climate change scenarios project on average a small decrease in the lowest water levels during droughts. Severe drought would have a significant impact on water-related sectors, reducing water supply and hydropower production. In this way drought is a risk multiplier for the water–energy–food security nexus. We suggest that the resilience to droughts could be improved with region-specific drought management plans and by including droughts in existing regional preparedness exercises.

scholarly journals Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1533-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dissanayake ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
H. Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Dune Erosion ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Storm Impact

Abstract. Impacts of storm chronology within a storm cluster on beach/dune erosion are investigated by applying the state-of-the-art numerical model XBeach to the Sefton coast, northwest England. Six temporal storm clusters of different storm chronologies were formulated using three storms observed during the 2013/2014 winter. The storm power values of these three events nearly halve from the first to second event and from the second to third event. Cross-shore profile evolution was simulated in response to the tide, surge and wave forcing during these storms. The model was first calibrated against the available post-storm survey profiles. Cumulative impacts of beach/dune erosion during each storm cluster were simulated by using the post-storm profile of an event as the pre-storm profile for each subsequent event. For the largest event the water levels caused noticeable retreat of the dune toe due to the high water elevation. For the other events the greatest evolution occurs over the bar formations (erosion) and within the corresponding troughs (deposition) of the upper-beach profile. The sequence of events impacting the size of this ridge–runnel feature is important as it consequently changes the resilience of the system to the most extreme event that causes dune retreat. The highest erosion during each single storm event was always observed when that storm initialised the storm cluster. The most severe storm always resulted in the most erosion during each cluster, no matter when it occurred within the chronology, although the erosion volume due to this storm was reduced when it was not the primary event. The greatest cumulative cluster erosion occurred with increasing storm severity; however, the variability in cumulative cluster impact over a beach/dune cross section due to storm chronology is minimal. Initial storm impact can act to enhance or reduce the system resilience to subsequent impact, but overall the cumulative impact is controlled by the magnitude and number of the storms. This model application provides inter-survey information about morphological response to repeated storm impact. This will inform local managers of the potential beach response and dune vulnerability to variable storm configurations.

scholarly journals Modeling impacts of climate change and human activities on groundwater resources using MODFLOW

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Malekinezhad ◽  
Fatemeh Barzegai Banadkooki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Hydraulic Head ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract This paper analyzes the impacts of climate change and human pressures on Yazd-Ardakan aquifer using the Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HADCM3) circulation Model and A2 emission scenario. Water levels in the study aquifer were simulated using three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model (MODFLOW 2000) with GMS 8.3 as pre- and postprocessing software. Input for groundwater recharge time series under the climate change scenarios were derived using a regression equation based on the cumulative deviation from mean rainfall using MATLAB. Human pressures on the aquifer were modeled through climate change impacts on water requirements of cultivated areas. Three scenarios were simulated to represent the effects of climate change and human pressures on aquifer storage and hydraulic head. Climate change and human pressures (scenario 1) will reduce aquifer storage and result in decreasing hydraulic head by −0.56 m year−1. Reduction in pumping water under scenario 2 (irrigation system modification) and scenario 3 (irrigation system modification and cropping patterns) will result in groundwater level fluctuation of about −0.32 and 0.08 m year−1, respectively. Scenario 3 is capable of restoring and protecting the groundwater resources in Yazd-Ardakan aquifer. The results of this study are useful to obtain sustainable groundwater management in Yazd-Ardakan aquifer.

scholarly journals Achieving Residential Coastal Communities Resilient to Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramodit Adhikari ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdelhafez ◽  
Yue Dong ◽  
Yanlin Guo ◽  
Hussam N. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Hurricane Wind ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Coastal cities in the Southeast and Gulf Coast of the United States are at an increased risk of tropical cyclones (hurricanes) due to the combined effects of urbanization, rapid economic development, and climate change. Current building codes and standards focus on minimum performance criteria for individual buildings exposed to severe hazard events to ensure occupant safety. However, they do not consider the resilience of buildings and building portfolios, which are key factors in determining whether a community can respond to and recover from a severe natural hazard event. Light-frame wood residential buildings dominate the residential market in the US, represent a significant percentage of the investment in the built environment, and are especially vulnerable to hurricane winds and storm surge in coastal areas. Our study of the impact of various hurricane and climate change scenarios on the performance of coastal residential communities reveals that decision-making at the community level is needed to develop rational engineering and urban planning policies, to mitigate the impact of hurricane wind and storm surge, and to adapt to climate change. The results suggest that fundamental changes in the current building regulatory process may be necessary.

scholarly journals WAVE MODELING WITH SWAN+ADCIRC FOR THE SOUTH CAROLINA COASTAL STORM SURGE STUDY

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Christopher Bender ◽  
William Miller ◽  
Ashley Naimaster ◽  
Tucker Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The South ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Water Level Changes ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
Adcirc Model

The South Carolina Surge Study (SCSS) used the tightly coupled SWAN+ADCIRC model to simulate tropical storm surge events. The tightly coupled model allowed calculation of wave-induced water level changes within the storm surge simulations. Inclusion of the wave-induced water level changes represents a more physics-based approach than previous methods that added wave setup after model simulations ended. Development of the SWAN+ADCIRC model included validation of water levels to local tidal forcing and for three historical hurricanes — Hazel (1954), Hugo (1989), and Ophelia (2005). The validation for waves did not include Hurricane Hazel because measured data was unavailable. Additional comparisons with WAM model results provided supplemental support to the SWAN model results. Model output applied in comparisons included contour plots of maximum wave parameters, time series of wave parameters at selected locations, and wave spectra.

scholarly journals Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2565-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dissanayake ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
H. Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Dune Erosion ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Storm Impact

Abstract. Impacts of storm chronology within a storm cluster on beach/dune erosion are investigated by applying the state-of-the-art numerical model XBeach to the Sefton coast, northwest England. Six temporal storm clusters of different storm chronologies were formulated using three storms observed during the 2013/14 winter. The storm power values of these three events nearly halve from the first to second event and from the second to third event. Cross-shore profile evolution was simulated in response to the tide, surge and wave forcing during these storms. The model was first calibrated against the available post-storm survey profiles. Cumulative impacts of beach/dune erosion during each storm cluster were simulated by using the post-storm profile of an event as the pre-storm profile for each subsequent event. For the largest event the water levels caused noticeable retreat of the dune toe due to the high water elevation. For the other events the greatest evolution occurs over the bar formations (erosion) and within the corresponding troughs (deposition) of the upper beach profile. The sequence of events impacting the size of this ridge-runnel feature is important as it consequently changes the resilience of the system to the most extreme event that causes dune retreat. The highest erosion during each single storm event was always observed when that storm initialised the storm cluster. The most severe storm always resulted in the most erosion during each cluster, no matter when it occurred within the chronology, although the erosion volume due to this storm was reduced when it was not the primary event. The greatest cumulative cluster erosion occurred with increasing storm severity; however, the variability in cumulative cluster impact over a beach/dune cross-section due to storm chronology is minimal. Initial storm impact can act to enhance or reduce the system resilience to subsequent impact, but overall the cumulative impact is controlled by the magnitude and number of the storms. This model application provides inter-survey information about morphological response to repeated storm impact. This will inform local managers of the potential beach response and dune vulnerability to variable storm configurations.

scholarly journals Projecting the future of Ayapel Cienaga: A hydroecologic analysis under climate change scenarios

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Serna-López ◽  
Julio Eduardo Cañon-Barriga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Activity Temperature ◽  
Systems Models ◽  
Dynamic Population

We developed a three-component model to evaluate the present and future hydrological behavior of Ayapel Cienaga under different scenarios of climate variability and human intervention associated with fishing and mining activities and the maintenance of levees. We calibrated the water balance with historical information on hydrological variables, water levels, stream discharges, fishing activities and gold mining records in the period 1985-2015. We use autoregressive statistical models to project climate scenarios that consider extreme variations in mean monthly rainfall, ENSO activity, temperature increases of 2°C, and levee breaks along the Cauca River. In addition, we incorporated two dynamic of systems models of bocachico fish population and mercury accumulation in the Cienaga. The simulations indicate that the Cienaga levels can be affected by extreme changes in rainfall associated with ENSO. The model estimates the fraction of water that could enter from the Cauca River due to levee breaks. Furthermore, using a fish dynamic population we could project the population and catch of bocachico. Finally, the mercury balance model due to mining in the region help to estimate mercury concentrations in water, fish and aquatic macrophytes matrices. This model offers a tool for management and decision-making in ecohydrological aspects of the Cienaga under different climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Predicting water levels in ephemeral wetlands under climate change scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex James ◽  
Rachelle N. Binny ◽  
William G. Lee ◽  
John Payne ◽  
Nick Stringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Ephemeral Wetlands
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document