NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF HERBACEOUS PEONY (PAEONIA LACTIFLORA PALL.) PETALS

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a kind of plant with ornamental, edible and medicinal values, and few studies were concerned to edible aspect of herbaceous peony petals. The aim of this research is to establish edible quality evaluation system of herbaceous peony flowers. Petals of 46 P. lactiflora cultivars at full bloom period were used to determine the content of soluble sugar, organic acid, protein, Vc (Vitamin C), total phenolics, total flavonoids, mineral elements and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and screen out evaluation index for edible herbaceous peony. The results showed that flower petals of herbaceous peony contained lots of nutrients and the contents varied with different cultivars. The soluble sugar content was 66.55-177.28 mg/g FW, organic acid 2.19-6.90 mg/g FW, soluble protein 6.53-121.56 mg/g FW, Vc 9.77-30.24 mg/100 g FW, total phenolics 9.41-33.01 mg/g DW, total flavonoids 3.50-17.56 mg/g DW, SOD activity 305.62-520.42 U/g FW, total amino acids 6.43-11.99 g/100 g DW. The average content of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cr were 55.88±14.90 µg/g DW, 1218.22±349.60 µg/g DW, 11252.23±2477.54 µg/g DW, 1975.40±706.58 µg/g DW, 8.30±6.55 µg/g DW, 103.56±182.72 µg/g DW, 10.73±37.94 µg/g DW, 22.80±16.68 µg/g DW, 1.84±5.89 µg/g DW and 17.36±44.89 µg/g DW, respectively. Based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis, we found ‘Dielian Qihua’, ‘Zhushapan’, ‘Xueyuan Honghua’, ‘Wulong Jisheng’, ‘Honglou’, ‘Bingshan’, ‘Hongyan Yushuang’, ‘Zituo Ronghua’, ‘Zifengyu’, ‘Fenlou Dianchun’ had better edible quality. The results will provide some information for the comprehensive utilization of herbaceous peony petals and the breeding of edible herbaceous peony cultivars.

Download Full-text

Effects of Different Harvest Times on Nutritional Component of Herbaceous Peony Flower Petals

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2020/4942805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Weixing Li ◽

Xiaomei Song ◽

Yanmin Hua ◽

Jun Tao ◽

Chunhua Zhou

Keyword(s):

Organic Acid ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Optimal Harvest

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flowers can be used as edible flowers, but few studies concerned about their edible values and the optimal harvest season. In this study, petals of three herbaceous peony cultivars including “Dafugui,” “Hongyan Zhenghui,” and “Yangfei Chuyu” at four different development stages were used as materials to measure the content of soluble sugar, organic acid, protein, vitamin C (Vc), total phenolics, total flavonoids, mineral elements, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, with the aim to understand the variation tendency of the nutritional ingredients and bioactive components in herbaceous peony flower petals during development and to determine the optimal harvest time for herbaceous peony flowers with better edible qualities. The results demonstrated that the content of individual nutritional and bioactive components was varied with cultivars and developmental stages. The soluble sugar content was 63.69–225.97 mg/g FW, organic acid 10.13–24.60 mg/g FW, soluble protein 9.83–39.17 mg/g FW, Vc 12.31–33.52 mg/100 g FW, total phenolics 83.23–136.19 mg/g DW, total flavonoids 10.20–24.98 mg/g DW, and SOD activity 62.92–284.09 U/g FW. For mineral elements, the content of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn was 20.96–65.51 μg/g DW, 810.85–1342.36 μg/g DW, 6723.68–12253.63 μg/g DW, 848.67–3038.46 μg/g DW, 1.14–8.44 μg/g DW, 48.70–149.72 μg/g DW, 1.20–2.17 μg/g DW, and 16.69–25.50 μg/g DW, respectively. The content of soluble sugar, protein, total flavonoids, and SOD activity in flower petals was the highest, and the content of organic acid was the lowest at the full bloom period (S3) for all three cultivars, while the highest Vc and total phenolics were at the early bloom stage (S2) and flower bud stage (S1), respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended to harvest herbaceous peony flowers at S3 with the best edible quality considering nutrients and bioactive components.

Download Full-text

Physiological Responses and Tolerance Evaluation of Five Poplar Varieties to Waterlogging

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47311440 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Zhongcheng ZHOU ◽

Gang LI ◽

Wei CHAO ◽

Feng XU ◽

Xiaomei SUN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Digital Object Identifier ◽

Waterlogging Tolerance ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Submergence Stress

Waterlogging resistance of five poplar varieties, ‘Danhongyang’ (DHY), ‘Juba-261’ (JB-261), ‘Zongqiansanhao’ (ZQ-3), ‘Zhonglin-2025’ (ZL-2025), and ‘Nanlin-895’ (NL-895), was evaluated under the simulated waterlogging conditions. Data on changes in leaf color and morphology as well as in biochemical indices, such as chlorophyll, malonaldehyde, soluble protein, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, relevant to submergence stress, were analyzed. The principal component analysis of the data identified the waterlogging resistance coefficient of the indices, which showed that waterflooding brought about different degrees of damage in the five poplar varieties, with DHY having the lowest waterlogging index. The leaf pigment content of the poplar was remarkably decreased by waterlogging, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were enhanced, but in different extents among the poplar varieties. Nearly all other poplar varieties showed a tendency of decline in JB-261, ZQ-3, ZL-2025, NL-895, except for SOD activity in DHY, which increased under submergence stress. Poplar varieties had varying degree of changes in POD activity, and APX activity tended to increase upon waterlogging. GR also displayed increasing tendency in JB-261, ZL-2025 and NL-895, except for in ZQ-3, which declined under waterlogging stress. GSH-PX except for ZQ-3 displayed no significant change, which showed a tendency of decline in DHY, JB-261, ZL-2025, and NL895. Principal component analysis allowed us to reduce16 indices to four independent indices. The subordinate function analysis identified that the DHY variety had the highest waterlogging tolerance, whereas the NL-895 variety had the lowest waterlogging tolerance among tested varieties. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Download Full-text

Effects of Ozone and Drought on Physiological Characteristics of Three Seedling Types in South China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1089 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 1089-1097

Author(s):

Long Hua Ye ◽

Qiu Jing Li ◽

Li Xue ◽

Gan Wen Lie ◽

Xiao Li Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soluble Protein ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Principal Component ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Physiological Indexes ◽

Mda Content ◽

Water Treatments

Seedlings of Michelia macclurei, Cinnamomum camphora and Rhodoleiachampionii were placed in open-top chambers (OTC) with two ozonic treatments including E40 (nature air, 40 ppb) and E150 (150 ppb) and two water treatments. Physiological indexes such as chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, MDA and SOD of three seedling types were evaluated. With increasing experimental time, chlorophyll content generally decreased or remained steady, soluble sugar content increased followed by a decrease and SOD activity increased for the three seedling types in ozone treatment, drought treatment or ozone-drought intercross treatment. Contents of soluble protein and proline increased for the three seedling types in ozone treatment and drought treatment. The MDA content increased for M. macclurei and C. camphora in ozone treatment and drought treatment and for R. championii in the three stress treatments. Principal component analysis indicated that the resistance abilities of ozone, drought or intercross stress for the three seedling types was C. camphora seedlings > M. macclurei seedlings > R. championii seedlings.

Download Full-text

Geographical and Varietal Traceability of Chinese Jujubes Based on Physical and Nutritional Characteristics

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10102270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2270

Author(s):

Linxia Wu ◽

Ling Li ◽

Guoguang Zhang ◽

Nan Jiang ◽

Xihui Ouyang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Chinese Jujube ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Different Origins

Chinese jujube fruits are known for their high nutritional and functional values. To protect advantageous regional jujube fruits, it is important to monitor quality indicators and trace the origin and variety. In this study, 31 quality indicators of Chinese jujubes collected from 6 main producing areas were determined. According to different origins and varieties, Chinese jujube fruits were divided into five and six categories, respectively. To simplify the parameters, eight of the main characteristics, namely, soluble sugar content, fresh mass, edible rate, Na, Mg, K, Zn, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), were screened based on multiple comparison, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). According to the eight main parameters, it was found that that both the categorical and cross-validated classification accuracy of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were 100%. The discrimination accuracy of the testing set samples based on the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model were 90 and 93% for geographical and varietal classification, respectively. This indicated that the eight main parameters could be used as the characteristic parameters for the origin and variety traceability of Chinese jujubes.

Download Full-text

Diversity in phenolic compounds, biochemical and pomological characteristics of Arbutus unedo fruits

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muttalip Gündoğdu ◽

Sezai Ercisli ◽

Ihsan Canan ◽

Erdal Orman ◽

Muhammad Sameeullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Arbutus Unedo ◽

Strawberry Tree ◽

Mediterranean Regions ◽

Seed Propagation

AbstractStrawberry trees (Arbutus unedoL.) are naturally grown in particular Black Sea and Mediterranean regions of Turkey with great diversity due to continuous seed propagation for centuries. The trees differ in terms of most of the horticultural characteristics. We investigated the phenolic compounds and the biochemical and pomological characteristics of the fruits of eight strawberry tree selections naturally grown in the western part of Turkey. Significant differences were found among the genotypes in terms of their phenolic compounds and their biochemical and pomological characteristics. Among soluble sugars, fructose (11.63 g 100 g−1) was the dominant sugar, followed by glucose (6.10 g 100 g−1) and sucrose (1.44 g 100 g−1) for all the genotypes. Positive correlation was found between fruit weight and soluble sugar content. Malic acid was the major organic acid (0.67-2.33 g 100 g−1), and the second major organic acid in strawberry tree fruits was citric acid (0.25-0.87 g 100 g−1). Vitamin C content was an average of 56.22 g 100 g−1for the eight genotypes. Among phenolic compounds, gallic acid was dominant (1.62-7.29 mg 100 g−1), followed by chlorogenic acid (1.23-3.14 mg 100 g−1), on an average basis.

Download Full-text

Divergent Molecular and Physiological Response of Two Maize Breeding Lines Under Phosphate Deficiency

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter ◽

10.1007/s11105-021-01310-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanling Sun ◽

Hongxia Zheng

Keyword(s):

Physiological Response ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Phosphate Deficiency ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Pi Deficiency

AbstractInorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a main limiting factor on crops growth and to select low-Pi tolerant breeding lines is very significant for crop breeding. Here, two contrasting maize (Zea mays L.) breeding lines showed different physiological response to Pi deficiency. The low-Pi tolerant QXN233 maintained normal growth, including high fresh weight, green leaves, strong shoots, and numerous roots relative to that of the sensitive MH05-4, mainly due to QXN233’ high Pi content in shoots under Pi deficiency. Importantly, some Pi-responsive genes were detected, and among them, Pi transporters ZmPHT1;1 and ZmPHT1;9 as well as phytase gene Zmphytase 2 were expressed increasingly in QXN233 compared to MH05-4 under Pi deprivation or Pi resupply. Moreover, QXN233 had higher proline content, soluble sugar content, and SOD activity than MH05-4, related with its tolerance. Taken together, this study enriches the understanding of the mechanism of maize responding to Pi deficiency.

Download Full-text

Combined Profiling of Transcriptome and DNA Methylome Reveal Genes Involved in Accumulation of Soluble Sugars and Organic Acid in Apple Fruits

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10092198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2198

Author(s):

Wenfang Ma ◽

Baiyun Li ◽

Litong Zheng ◽

Yunjing Peng ◽

Rui Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Ph Value ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Epigenetic Modifications ◽

Sugar Accumulation ◽

Apple Fruits

Organic acids and soluble sugars are the major determinants of fruit organoleptic quality. Additionally, DNA methylation has crucial regulatory effects on various processes. However, the epigenetic modifications in the regulation of organic acid and soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruits remain uncharacterized. In this study, DNA methylation and the transcriptome were compared between ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits, which differ significantly regarding soluble sugar and organic acid contents. In both ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits, the CG context had the highest level of DNA methylation, and then CHG and CHH contexts. The number and distribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) varied among genic regions and transposable elements. The DNA methylation levels in all three contexts in the DMRs were significantly higher in ‘Honeycrisp’ mature fruits than in ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits. A combined methylation and transcriptome analysis revealed a negative correlation between methylation levels and gene expression in DMRs in promoters and gene bodies in the CG and CHG contexts and in gene bodies in the CHH context. Two candidate genes (MdTSTa and MdMa11), which encode tonoplast-localized proteins, potentially associated with fruit soluble sugar contents and acidity were identified based on expression and DNA methylation levels. Overexpression of MdTSTa in tomato increased the fruit soluble sugar content. Moreover, transient expression of MdMa11 in tobacco leaves significantly decreased the pH value. Our results reflect the diversity in epigenetic modifications influencing gene expression and will facilitate further elucidating the complex mechanism underlying fruit soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation.

Download Full-text

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Two Herbaceous Peony Cultivars to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13704-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 492-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qi Wang ◽

Rui Zhao ◽

Qihang Chen ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽

Liqi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Damage Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Relative Water ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Herbaceous peony is a perennial flowering plant with strong environmental adaptability and may be a good candidate for culture in arid areas. In this study, the physiological and biochemical responses of two herbaceous peony cultivars to different soil moisture gradients in pots were assessed by analyzing changes in 13 stress-related indices. The drought damage index (DDI) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, proline, and abscisic acid (ABA) generally increased as drought stress intensified, whereas leaf relative water content (LRWC) decreased, and the contents of soluble protein, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the ratio of IAA and ABA, and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes fluctuated. For the leaves, a positive correlation was found between DDI and superoxide dismutase (SOD), MDA, soluble sugar, proline, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and ABA, but it was negatively correlated with LRWC, peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). In fibrous roots, DDI was positively correlated with MDA, soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, and ABA but was negatively correlated with SOD, CAT, APX, and IAA/ABA. Principal component analysis and subordinate functions were used to evaluate drought resistance of the two cultivars, with ‘Karl Rosenfield’ showing greater resistance to drought than ‘Da Fu Gui’.

Download Full-text

Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1352-1360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Huijuan Guo ◽

Zhiqiang Hu ◽

Huimin Zhang ◽

Wei Min ◽

Zhenan Hou

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Alkali Stress ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Mda Content

AbstractThis pot experiment was to evaluate how salts (NaCl, Na2SO4) and alkali (Na2CO3+NaHCO3) affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics during the seedling stage of two cotton cultivars (salt-tolerant, L24; salt-sensitive, X45). Salt and alkali stress reduced seedling emergence rate, relative biomass, and chlorophyll content, however, the REC and MDA content increased. Salt and alkali stress increased markedly superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased first and then decreased as the increase of salt and alkali stress. Catalase (CAT) activity initially increased and then decreased as NaCl stress increased. In addition, the SOD activity, REC, and MDA content was markedly higher in salt stress than that in alkali stress. The proline content of L24 was higher than that of X45 under salt and alkali stress. However, glycine betaine and soluble sugar content of L24 was lower than that of X45 under alkali stress. The REC and MDA content of L24 were lower than those of X45, however, the relative biomass, chlorophyll content, SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro were higher than those of X45. In conclusion, salt tolerant cotton cultivars may possess a superior protection effect by increasing antioxidant enzymes activity under salt and alkali stress.

Download Full-text

Factors Affecting the Color of Herbaceous Peony

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04892-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (4) ◽

pp. 257-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mingyue Bao ◽

Minmin Liu ◽

Qingxia Zhang ◽

Tonglin Wang ◽

Xia Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Ph Value ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Flower Color ◽

Soluble Protein Content ◽

Anatomic Structure ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Color Formation

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a well-known ornamental plant with abundant flower colors. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of flower color formation is limited. In this study, a wild sample of herbaceous peony (collected from Heze, China) and eight cultivars with different colors were selected for experimental investigation. The Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart was used to determine flower color, and the anatomic structure; cell sap pH value; moisture content (MC); condensed tannin content (Ct); soluble sugar and soluble protein content of the petals; and content and composition of anthocyanin, flavonoids, and carotenoids in the petals were examined. 1) In the white, pinkish white, pale purple, purplish pink, and reddish purple cultivars, deeper color was associated with greater total amounts of anthocyanin (TA). Hypochromic effects were observed for kaempferol-7-O-glucoside (Km7G), myricetin-3-rhamnoside (My3R), and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (Lu7G). The accumulation of quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Qu3G) and lutein affected yellow color formation in the petals. 2) There are papillate epidermal cells in the petals of the wild P. lactiflora sample, ‘Lanyucangjin’, and ‘Dongjingnvlang’. 3) Cell sap pH and MC of the petals of white, pinkish white, pale purple, and purplish pink cultivars were greater than those of the purplish red and most of the reddish purple cultivars. 4) The Ct was greatest in the purplish red cultivars, whereas no condensed tannins were detected in the white, pinkish white, and pale purple cultivars. 5) There were no significant correlations among soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and the other physiological indications.

Download Full-text