scholarly journals Divergent Molecular and Physiological Response of Two Maize Breeding Lines Under Phosphate Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Sun ◽  
Hongxia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pi Deficiency

AbstractInorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a main limiting factor on crops growth and to select low-Pi tolerant breeding lines is very significant for crop breeding. Here, two contrasting maize (Zea mays L.) breeding lines showed different physiological response to Pi deficiency. The low-Pi tolerant QXN233 maintained normal growth, including high fresh weight, green leaves, strong shoots, and numerous roots relative to that of the sensitive MH05-4, mainly due to QXN233’ high Pi content in shoots under Pi deficiency. Importantly, some Pi-responsive genes were detected, and among them, Pi transporters ZmPHT1;1 and ZmPHT1;9 as well as phytase gene Zmphytase 2 were expressed increasingly in QXN233 compared to MH05-4 under Pi deprivation or Pi resupply. Moreover, QXN233 had higher proline content, soluble sugar content, and SOD activity than MH05-4, related with its tolerance. Taken together, this study enriches the understanding of the mechanism of maize responding to Pi deficiency.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Activation of Quiescent Uq Transposable Elements during Endosperm Development in Zea Mays.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
Y B Pan ◽  
P A Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Element System ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Sufficient Stimulus

Abstract This study addresses the question of the activation of quiescent transposable elements in maize breeding lines. The a-ruq reporter allele of the Uq transposable element system expresses Uq activity (spots or sectors of spots in otherwise colorless aleurone tissue) when exposed to various genotypes of assorted maize inbred lines lacking any active Uq element. This activation of quiescent Uq elements occurs randomly during the growth of the endosperm. It is concluded that there are components in the genome that enhance the rare activation of quiescent Uq elements. Further, it seems that this activation occurs in the absence of any stress-inducing treatment, but that normal growth conditions provide sufficient stimulus for such activation.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF HERBACEOUS PEONY (PAEONIA LACTIFLORA PALL.) PETALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Weixing ◽  
Yang Shunbo ◽  
Cui Hui ◽  
Hua Yanmin ◽  
Tao Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Paeonia Lactiflora ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Herbaceous Peony

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a kind of plant with ornamental, edible and medicinal values, and few studies were concerned to edible aspect of herbaceous peony petals. The aim of this research is to establish edible quality evaluation system of herbaceous peony flowers. Petals of 46 P. lactiflora cultivars at full bloom period were used to determine the content of soluble sugar, organic acid, protein, Vc (Vitamin C), total phenolics, total flavonoids, mineral elements and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and screen out evaluation index for edible herbaceous peony. The results showed that flower petals of herbaceous peony contained lots of nutrients and the contents varied with different cultivars. The soluble sugar content was 66.55-177.28 mg/g FW, organic acid 2.19-6.90 mg/g FW, soluble protein 6.53-121.56 mg/g FW, Vc 9.77-30.24 mg/100 g FW, total phenolics 9.41-33.01 mg/g DW, total flavonoids 3.50-17.56 mg/g DW, SOD activity 305.62-520.42 U/g FW, total amino acids 6.43-11.99 g/100 g DW. The average content of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cr were 55.88±14.90 µg/g DW, 1218.22±349.60 µg/g DW, 11252.23±2477.54 µg/g DW, 1975.40±706.58 µg/g DW, 8.30±6.55 µg/g DW, 103.56±182.72 µg/g DW, 10.73±37.94 µg/g DW, 22.80±16.68 µg/g DW, 1.84±5.89 µg/g DW and 17.36±44.89 µg/g DW, respectively. Based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis, we found ‘Dielian Qihua’, ‘Zhushapan’, ‘Xueyuan Honghua’, ‘Wulong Jisheng’, ‘Honglou’, ‘Bingshan’, ‘Hongyan Yushuang’, ‘Zituo Ronghua’, ‘Zifengyu’, ‘Fenlou Dianchun’ had better edible quality. The results will provide some information for the comprehensive utilization of herbaceous peony petals and the breeding of edible herbaceous peony cultivars.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Tolerance Evaluation of Five Poplar Varieties to Waterlogging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongcheng ZHOU ◽  
Gang LI ◽  
Wei CHAO ◽  
Feng XU ◽  
Xiaomei SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Submergence Stress

Waterlogging resistance of five poplar varieties, ‘Danhongyang’ (DHY), ‘Juba-261’ (JB-261), ‘Zongqiansanhao’ (ZQ-3), ‘Zhonglin-2025’ (ZL-2025), and ‘Nanlin-895’ (NL-895), was evaluated under the simulated waterlogging conditions. Data on changes in leaf color and morphology as well as in biochemical indices, such as chlorophyll, malonaldehyde, soluble protein, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, relevant to submergence stress, were analyzed. The principal component analysis of the data identified the waterlogging resistance coefficient of the indices, which showed that waterflooding brought about different degrees of damage in the five poplar varieties, with DHY having the lowest waterlogging index. The leaf pigment content of the poplar was remarkably decreased by waterlogging, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were enhanced, but in different extents among the poplar varieties. Nearly all other poplar varieties showed a tendency of decline in JB-261, ZQ-3, ZL-2025, NL-895, except for SOD activity in DHY, which increased under submergence stress. Poplar varieties had varying degree of changes in POD activity, and APX activity tended to increase upon waterlogging. GR also displayed increasing tendency in JB-261, ZL-2025 and NL-895, except for in ZQ-3, which declined under waterlogging stress. GSH-PX except for ZQ-3 displayed no significant change, which showed a tendency of decline in DHY, JB-261, ZL-2025, and NL895. Principal component analysis allowed us to reduce16 indices to four independent indices. The subordinate function analysis identified that the DHY variety had the highest waterlogging tolerance, whereas the NL-895 variety had the lowest waterlogging tolerance among tested varieties.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1352-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Guo ◽  
Zhiqiang Hu ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Wei Min ◽  
Zhenan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mda Content

AbstractThis pot experiment was to evaluate how salts (NaCl, Na2SO4) and alkali (Na2CO3+NaHCO3) affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics during the seedling stage of two cotton cultivars (salt-tolerant, L24; salt-sensitive, X45). Salt and alkali stress reduced seedling emergence rate, relative biomass, and chlorophyll content, however, the REC and MDA content increased. Salt and alkali stress increased markedly superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased first and then decreased as the increase of salt and alkali stress. Catalase (CAT) activity initially increased and then decreased as NaCl stress increased. In addition, the SOD activity, REC, and MDA content was markedly higher in salt stress than that in alkali stress. The proline content of L24 was higher than that of X45 under salt and alkali stress. However, glycine betaine and soluble sugar content of L24 was lower than that of X45 under alkali stress. The REC and MDA content of L24 were lower than those of X45, however, the relative biomass, chlorophyll content, SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro were higher than those of X45. In conclusion, salt tolerant cotton cultivars may possess a superior protection effect by increasing antioxidant enzymes activity under salt and alkali stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Harvest Times on Nutritional Component of Herbaceous Peony Flower Petals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Weixing Li ◽  
Xiaomei Song ◽  
Yanmin Hua ◽  
Jun Tao ◽  
Chunhua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Herbaceous Peony ◽  
Optimal Harvest

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flowers can be used as edible flowers, but few studies concerned about their edible values and the optimal harvest season. In this study, petals of three herbaceous peony cultivars including “Dafugui,” “Hongyan Zhenghui,” and “Yangfei Chuyu” at four different development stages were used as materials to measure the content of soluble sugar, organic acid, protein, vitamin C (Vc), total phenolics, total flavonoids, mineral elements, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, with the aim to understand the variation tendency of the nutritional ingredients and bioactive components in herbaceous peony flower petals during development and to determine the optimal harvest time for herbaceous peony flowers with better edible qualities. The results demonstrated that the content of individual nutritional and bioactive components was varied with cultivars and developmental stages. The soluble sugar content was 63.69–225.97 mg/g FW, organic acid 10.13–24.60 mg/g FW, soluble protein 9.83–39.17 mg/g FW, Vc 12.31–33.52 mg/100 g FW, total phenolics 83.23–136.19 mg/g DW, total flavonoids 10.20–24.98 mg/g DW, and SOD activity 62.92–284.09 U/g FW. For mineral elements, the content of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn was 20.96–65.51 μg/g DW, 810.85–1342.36 μg/g DW, 6723.68–12253.63 μg/g DW, 848.67–3038.46 μg/g DW, 1.14–8.44 μg/g DW, 48.70–149.72 μg/g DW, 1.20–2.17 μg/g DW, and 16.69–25.50 μg/g DW, respectively. The content of soluble sugar, protein, total flavonoids, and SOD activity in flower petals was the highest, and the content of organic acid was the lowest at the full bloom period (S3) for all three cultivars, while the highest Vc and total phenolics were at the early bloom stage (S2) and flower bud stage (S1), respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended to harvest herbaceous peony flowers at S3 with the best edible quality considering nutrients and bioactive components.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of oat (Avena sativaL.) acclimation to phosphate deficiency

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Żebrowska ◽  
Marta Milewska ◽  
Iwona Ciereszko
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Pi Deficiency

BackgroundDeficiency of available forms of phosphorus is common in most soils and causes reduction of crop plants growth and yield. Recently, model plants responses to phosphate (Pi) deficiency have been intensively studied. However, acclimation mechanisms of cereals like oat (Avena sativaL.), to low Pi stress remains not fully understood. Oat plants have been usually cultured on poor soils, with a low nutrient content, but their responses to such conditions are not well known, therefore the main goal of the study was to investigate the mechanisms that enable oat plants to grow under low Pi conditions.MethodsFour oat cultivars (A. sativa, cv. Arab, Krezus, Rajtar and Szakal) were grown for three weeks in a nutrient media with various P sources: inorganic—KH2PO4(control), organic—phytate (PA) and with no phosphate (−P). The effects of Pi deficiency on the level of P, oat growth parameters, intensity of photosynthesis, plant productivity, root exudation ability, localization, activity and isoforms of acid phosphatases, enzymes involved in Pi mobilization, were estimated. In addition, the effect of mycorrhization on plant growth was also observed.ResultsAll studied oat cultivars grown on Pi-deficient media had significantly decreased Pi content in the tissues. Pi deficiency caused inhibition of shoot growth, but generally it did not affect root elongation; root diameter was decreased, root/shoot ratios increased, whereas PA plants showed a similar growth to control. Photosynthesis rate and productivity parameters decreased under low Pi nutrition, however, sugar content generally increased. Studied oat cultivars did not respond to low Piviaincreased exudation of carboxylates from the roots, as pH changes in the growth media were not observed. Pi starvation significantly increased the activity of extracellular and intracellular acid phosphatases (APases) in comparison to the control plants. Three major APase isoforms were detected in oat tissues and the isoform pattern was similar in all studied conditions, usually with a higher level of one of the isoforms under Pi starvation. Generally no significant effects of mycorrhizal colonization on growth of oat cultivars were observed.DiscussionWe postulated that acid phosphatases played the most important role in oat cultivars acclimation to Pi deficiency, especially extracellular enzymes involved in Pi acquisition from soil organic P esters. These APases are mainly located in the epidermis of young roots, and may be released to the rhizosphere. On the other hand, intracellular APases could be involved in fast Pi remobilization from internal sources. Our study showed that oat, in contrast to other plants, can use phytates as the sole source of P. The studied oat cultivars demonstrated similar acclimation mechanisms to Pi deficiency, however, depending on stress level, they can use different pools of acid phosphatases.

scholarly journals Physiology and proteomic analysis reveals root, stem and leaf responses to potassium deficiency stress in alligator weed

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Li ◽  
Chengcheng Lyu ◽  
Luping Huang ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Wei Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Alligator Weed ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
New Information ◽  
Three Samples

AbstractAlligator weed is reported to have a strong ability to adapt to potassium deficiency stress. Proteomic changes in response to this stress are largely unknown in alligator weed seedlings. In this study, we performed physiological and comparative proteomics of alligator weed seedlings between normal growth (CK) and potassium deficiency (LK) stress using 2-DE techniques, including root, stem and leaf tissues. Seedling height, soluble sugar content, PGK activity and H2O2 contents were significantly altered after 15 d of LK treatment. A total of 206 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. There were 72 DEPs in the root, 79 in the stem, and 55 in the leaves. The proteomic results were verified using western blot and qRT-PCR assays. The most represented KEGG pathway was “Carbohydrate and energy metabolism” in the three samples. The “Protein degradation” pathway only existed in the stem and root, and the “Cell cycle” pathway only existed in the root. Protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated that the interacting proteins detected were the most common in the stem, with 18 proteins. Our study highlights protein changes in alligator weed seedling under LK stress and provides new information on the comprehensive analysis of the protein network in plant potassium nutrition.

Effects of Ozone and Drought on Physiological Characteristics of Three Seedling Types in South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1089-1097
Author(s):  
Long Hua Ye ◽  
Qiu Jing Li ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Gan Wen Lie ◽  
Xiao Li Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Water Treatments

Seedlings of Michelia macclurei, Cinnamomum camphora and Rhodoleiachampionii were placed in open-top chambers (OTC) with two ozonic treatments including E40 (nature air, 40 ppb) and E150 (150 ppb) and two water treatments. Physiological indexes such as chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, MDA and SOD of three seedling types were evaluated. With increasing experimental time, chlorophyll content generally decreased or remained steady, soluble sugar content increased followed by a decrease and SOD activity increased for the three seedling types in ozone treatment, drought treatment or ozone-drought intercross treatment. Contents of soluble protein and proline increased for the three seedling types in ozone treatment and drought treatment. The MDA content increased for M. macclurei and C. camphora in ozone treatment and drought treatment and for R. championii in the three stress treatments. Principal component analysis indicated that the resistance abilities of ozone, drought or intercross stress for the three seedling types was C. camphora seedlings > M. macclurei seedlings > R. championii seedlings.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of sassafras seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Juelan Guan ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Xueyuan Zhang ◽  
Hongling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

AbstractThe effects of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sassafras tzumu Hemsl. were studied in pot experiments. Five Cd levels were tested [CT(Control Treatment) : 0 mg/kg, Cd5: 5 mg/kg, Cd20: 20 mg/kg, Cd50: 50 mg/kg, and Cd100: 100 mg/kg]. The growth and physiological characteristics of the sassafras seedlings in each level were measured. The results showed that soil Cd had negative influences on sassafras growth and reduced the net growth of plant height and the biomass of leaf, branch and root. Significant reductions were recorded in root biomass by 18.18%(Cd5), 27.35%(Cd20), 27.57%(Cd50) and 28.95%(Cd100). The contents of hydrogen peroxide decreased first then increased while malondialdehyde showed the opposite trend with increasing cadmium concentration. Decreases were found in hydrogen peroxide contents by 10.96%(Cd5), 11.82%(Cd20) and 7.02%(Cd50); increases were found in malondialdehyde contents by 15.47%(Cd5), 16.07%(Cd20) and 7.85%(Cd50), indicating that cadmium stress had a certain effect on the peroxidation of the inner cell membranes in the seedlings that resulted in damage to the cell membrane structure. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased among treatments by 17.05%(Cd5), 10,68%(Cd20), 20.85%(Cd50) and 8.91%(Cd100), while peroxidase activity increased steadily with increasing cadmium concentration; these results suggest that peroxidase is likely the main protective enzyme involved in the reactive oxygen removal system in sassafras seedlings. Upward trends were observed in proline content by 90.76%(Cd5), 74.36%(Cd20), 99.73%(Cd50) and 126.01%(Cd100). The increase in proline content with increasing cadmium concentration indicated that cadmium stress induced proline synthesis to resist osmotic stress in the seedlings. Compared to that in CT, the soluble sugar content declined under the different treatments by 32.84%(Cd5), 5.85%(Cd20), 25.55%(Cd50) and 38.69%(Cd100). Increases were observed in the soluble protein content by 2.34%(Cd5), 21.36%(Cd20), 53.15%(Cd50) and 24.22%(Cd100). At different levels of cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content in the seedlings first increased and then decreased, and it was higher in the Cd5 and Cd20 treatments than that in the CT treatment. These results reflected that cadmium had photosynthesis-promoting effects at low concentrations and photosynthesis-suppressing effects at high concentrations. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic light-response parameters showed downward trends with increasing cadmium concentration compared with those in CT; these results reflected the negative effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis in sassafras seedlings.

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