scholarly journals School and Higher Education in Uzbekistan During the Second World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1043-1050
Author(s):  
Nadira Rakhmanovna Makhkamova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

This article highlights the state of the system of school and higher education in Uzbekistan during the Second World War. The development of this sphere was fraught with a number of difficulties, such as a shortage of teaching staff, the mobilization of the bulk of men to the front, the problem of attracting Uzbek girls to training, a lack of suitable premises for training, the dropout of students from the senior classes of schools and etc. The article notes that, despite all the above problems, a lot has been done in the system of school and higher education in Uzbekistan, which was part of the invaluable contribution of the people of the republic to the victory over fascism.

Development of Interethnic Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the First Decades after the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the 1940s and 1960s. The article is based on materials from the archives of BiH, Croatia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. The documents show the state of affairs in the Republic – both in the economy and in ideology. In one or another way, all of them reflect the level of tension in the interethnic relations. For the first time, the article presents the discussion on interethnic relations, on the new phenomenon in multinational Yugoslavia – the emergence of a new people in BiH under the name of “Muslim”. The term “Muslims” is used to define the ethnic identity of Bosniaks in the territory of BiH starting from the 1961 census.

La fusion des communes bruxelloises

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 731-741
Author(s):  
Maurice-Pierre Herremans
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Second World

The idea of amalgamation for the Brussels municipalities is already an old one. In addition to the numerous parliamentary attempts to return to the situation of before 1795, when eight Brussels municipalities formed an administrative unit, there were also the Holvoet Report of 1936 and the establishment of the State Commissariat for the Large Agglomerations during the Second World War. In 1942, «Gross Brüssel» was created, but it was dissolved after the liberation. Except for the proposals of the Union of Cities, things remained rather quiet until the first amalgamation operation of 1971. Brussels was not involved in these amalgamation operations primarily because of the complexity of the Brussels problem over which the Flemish and the French speaking groups could not come to an agreement. The recent proposals can be placed into three categories : a complete amalgamation of the 19 municipalities into one entity, a partial amalgamation of 3 to 10 entities, the status quo. Since the amalgamation means an increase in the municipal expenses because of equalisation of the services in the sub-municipalities at a higher level, integral amalgamation of the present 19 municipalities offers no solution for the financial difficulties besetting these municipalities. In addition,this integral amalgamation solution generales negative reactions from the people of Brussel, who see in it a demand of the Flemish Movement.

scholarly journals Attitudes And Social Protection Of People With Disabilities During The Fight Against Fascism

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Jummagul Nomazovna Abdurakhmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Protection System ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Second World

This article provides information about the post-disability lifestyle of our compatriots, soldiers and officers who returned to Uzbekistan with disabilities, who were wounded at the front and went to fight against fascism. The article also covers the state of the social protection system during the Second World War and the issues of social protection for the disabled. The article also highlights the humane, caring and tolerant qualities of the people of Uzbekistan towards people with disabilities.

scholarly journals The Labor Heroism Of The People Of Uzbekistan Behind The Front During The Second World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Naim Khalimovich Oblomurodov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Line Part ◽  
The People ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

The article highlights the heroism of the Uzbek people and Uzbeks during the Second World War, which is one of the examples of patriotism, providing national support to the front and the front defense fund, their contribution to the victory in the war with their hard work. In other words, the active participation of Uzbeks in the movement to establish a defense fund from the first days of the war, the economic and social characteristics of the material assistance provided by Hitler's Germany to the occupied territories, including Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. In particular, it analyzes the humanitarian contribution of Uzbek workers to the defense fund behind the front line, part of their salaries, money earned on "communist Saturdays", personal funds of citizens, valuables, government bonds, goods, especially agricultural workers of the republic and the herdsmen handed over food and livestock to the warriors and delivered them to the battlefields, as well as their unparalleled heroism in ending the war with victory.

scholarly journals Správní mechanismy přesunu knižních fondů v letech 1918–1954: odrazový můstek k výzkumu knižní provenience

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-26
Author(s):  
Marcela Sulženko ◽  
Luboš Kokeš
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
State Administration ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

The history of Czechoslovak private libraries reflected great historical events, specifically in the change of ownership between 1918 and 1945/1954. The biggest change came after the Second World War, when the highest state officials decided to punish war criminals. In general, all Germans were labelled as enemies of the republic and were to bear collective guilt for starting the war. Their punishment included, among other things, the loss of property, which also concerned their libraries. This study focuses on the state administration dealing with such property.

scholarly journals The Detention of Non-Enemy Civilians Escaping to Britain during the Second World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Artemis J. Photiadou
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
World War ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Administrative History ◽  
Second World

Abstract Thousands of civilians from Allied and neutral countries reached Britain during the Second World War. Nearly all who arrived between 1941 and 1945 were detained for interrogation – an unprecedented course of action by Britain which has nevertheless seldomly been studied. This article focuses on the administrative history of this process and the people it affected. It demonstrates how certain parts of the state treated non-Britons with suspicion throughout the war, long after fears of a ‘fifth column’ had subsided. At the same time, others saw them favourably, not least because many either offered intelligence, intended to volunteer with the Allied Forces, or work for the war industry. Examining how these conflicting views co-existed within a single detention camp, this article thus illustrates the complex relationship that existed between non-Britons and the wartime state, which perceived them simultaneously as suspects, assets, and allies. By making use of the thousands of resulting interrogation reports, the article also offers more detail than currently exists on the gender and nationality background of those who reached Britain, as well as about the journeys they took to escape occupied territory.

scholarly journals The Principle of Democracy in Albania, from the Basic Acts of the State in Its Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ismail Tafani
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Second World ◽  
Party State

The principle of democracy is seen as the basic pillar of the construction and function of a state. Of course, for the implementation of this principle, different ideologies have been developed, often in contradiction with each other. Ideologies which undoubtedly saw in the principle of democracy the birth and functioning of a state and as a consequence of a governing model which was to be based precisely on the sovereignty of the people and the full expression of its will. In Albania after the end of the Second World War we have the birth of a form of government which was based on the organization of the state according to communist theory. The communist ideology, which developed after the division of the world into two camps, which were the result of the Second World War meant to bring to Albania the realization of the principle of democracy. With the consolidation of the power of the communist party which resulted in the creation of the party-state, the principle of democracy consisted in its expression more as a slogan than as an objective for the development and functioning of society and the functioning of power as the genuine will of the people. Consequently, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, as in all former communist countries and in Albania, what the people demanded was the establishment of a state where the principle of democracy was the foundation of its government. Not in vain after the acceptance of political pluralism by the now completed monopoly of the party-state, the establishment of a system based on the principle of democracy was required. However, the creation of political pluralism after the change of the system does not seem to have brought a realization of the principle of democracy as a basis for the functioning of a democratic state as required by Albanian society. It can even be said that the principle of democracy remains an endless challenge for the entire political spectrum in Albania, although this principle always needs to be consolidated. Through this paper it is sought to analyze how the principle of democracy is required to be adopted by all leaders of any kind of government even though in itself it will have to belong to the people. This paper aims to highlight how in the case of political pluralism and even more so in the existence of a single party the principle of democracy remains a challenge, although it forms the basis of all fundamental acts of the Albanian State since the end of the Second World War.

scholarly journals THE PRIVILEGES OF POLISH KING STEPHEN BATHORY FOR LOYEW 1576 AND 1582 YEARS

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Natalia Bilous
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

The article deals with two privileges of the Polish king Stefan Batory for the Polissya town of Loyew (now the district centre of the Gomel region, the Republic of Belarus). In the 16th century, it was a part of the Liubech starostvo of the Kyiv voivodship. The town is known first of all due to military battles that took place in the neighbourhood. One occurred on July 31, 1649, and the other - during the Second World War, while the pages of its history during the Lithuanian-Polish era, such as the granting of self-government under the Magdeburg law, are still little known.Stefan Batory privileges for Loyew can be considered exciting and rare archival finds, and they have not yet been published and introduced into scientific circulation. The first - the Magdeburg Law was granted on August 3, 1576, the second - on the Loyew Vogtship for Fedora Volka appeared as an addition to the first one in six years (November 25, 1582). Unlike most of the privileges of the time, inscribed in the books of the royal the chancellery, these two were not written in Latin or Polish, but in Cyrillic. The documents originate from the Archives of the Sangushki princes, which are now stored in the State Archives of Poland in Krakow (Wawel department).The initiator and recipient of the Magdeburg privileges for Loyew were Pavlo Ivanovych Sapiega, Lubeckij and Loyewsky Starosta from 1560, and the Kyiv Castellan from 1566. He, at his own expense, built the city and the castle Loyew Mountain, that was lying on the Tartar road and defending the Lithuanian border from the Chernihiv side (which at that time belonged to the Moscow state), and was also protecting the state from the Tatar attacks. The privilege of the Loyew Vogts was granted in 1582 to Fedor Volk as the reward for his military service and participation in hostilities.These documents are exceptional since during the reign of Stefan Batory (1576-1586) only a few cities in this region received similar privileges. The significance of royal privileges for Loyew was enormous – it was a necessary legal basis and a significant impetus for its further development. Residents of Loyew received self-government on the principles of Magdeburg Law and many economic privileges and liberties, which favourably distinguished them among other cities in the region.

Development of the Concepts for Providing Close Air Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Hristov Manush
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe main objective of the study is to trace the perceptions of the task of an aviation component to provide direct aviation support to both ground and naval forces. Part of the study is devoted to tracing the combat experience gained during the assignment by the Bulgarian Air Force in the final combat operations against the Wehrmacht during the Second World War 1944-1945. The state of the conceptions at the present stage regarding the accomplishment of the task in conducting defensive and offensive battles and operations is also considered. Emphasis is also placed on the development of the perceptions of the task in the armies of the United States and Russia.

ABCs of the Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-291
Author(s):  
Egor A. Yesyunin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Development History ◽  
The People ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Revolution

The article is devoted to the satirical agitation ABCs that appeared during the Civil War, which have never previously been identified by researchers as a separate type of agitation art. The ABCs, which used to have the narrow purpose of teaching children to read and write before, became a form of agitation art in the hands of artists and writers. This was facilitated by the fact that ABCs, in contrast to primers, are less loaded with educational material and, accordingly, they have more space for illustrations. The article presents the development history of the agitation ABCs, focusing in detail on four of them: V.V. Mayakovsky’s “Soviet ABC”, D.S. Moor’s “Red Army Soldier’s ABC”, A.I. Strakhov’s “ABC of the Revolution”, and M.M. Cheremnykh’s “Anti-Religious ABC”. There is also briefly considered “Our ABC”: the “TASS Posters” created by various artists during the Second World War. The article highlights the special significance of V.V. Mayakovsky’s first agitation ABC, which later became a reference point for many artists. The authors of the first satirical ABCs of the Civil War period consciously used the traditional form of popular prints, as well as ditties and sayings, in order to create images close to the people. The article focuses on the iconographic connections between the ABCs and posters in the works of D.S. Moor and M.M. Cheremnykh, who transferred their solutions from the posters to the ABCs.

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