Combined effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume essential oil and nystatin on Candida albicans growth and micromorphology

Introduction: The combination of a natural product and a synthetic antifungal may lead to a lower dose of each individual agent and consequent reduction of adverse effects and greater pharmacological synergism. Objective: This study investigated the antifungalactivity of the essential oil (EO) from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume alone and combined with nystatin on Candida albicans growth and micromorphology. Methodology: We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FIC) and the effect of the EO alone and combined with nystatin on the growth kinetics and production of virulence-related structures by the yeasts, such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia. Results: When tested alone, the EO from C. zeylanicum andnystatin showed MIC of 312.5 μg/ml and 64 μg/ml, respectively. When combined, MIC values decreased to 39 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml for the EO and nystatin, respectively. The value of the Fractional Concentration Index (FIC) was 0.6024, indicating additivity. It could be observed that at all concentrations the products tested alone and in combination were able to reduce the number of CFU/mL, when compared to the control group (p<0.0001) from 30 min. In addition, both the products alone and combined inhibited production of pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia compared to the control. Conclusion: The combination between the essential oilfrom C. zeylanicum and nystatin potentiated the inhibitory effect on C. albicans growth. Furthermore, it reduced the production of pathogenicity-related morphological structures such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia.Key-words: Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Nystatin. Essential Oil. Natural Product. Drug synergism.

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Essential oil of Origanum majorana L., Illicium verum Hook. f. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume: chemical and antimicrobial characterization

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/s1516-05722011000200013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 209-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J.M Freire ◽

M.G Cardoso ◽

L.R Batista ◽

M.A Andrade

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

E Coli ◽

Star Anise ◽

Illicium Verum ◽

Origanum Majorana

Essential oils of Origanum majorana L. (marjoram), Illicium verum Hook. f. (star-anise) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon) were obtained by steam distillation using a modified Clevenger device. The antimicrobial activity of each oil was evaluated against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by observing their growth and/or mycelial inhibition through comparison with the standard dish (without oil). The essential oils were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer for identification and coupled to a flame ionization detector for quantification. The major constituents of marjoram, star-anise and cinnamon essential oils were 4-terpineol, trans-anetole and cinnamic aldehyde, respectively. In in vitro tests, essential oils of marjoram and cinnamon promoted an inhibitory effect on the bacteria S. aureus and E. coli, while the essential oil of star-anise presented activity only against E. coli. Marjoram, star-anise and cinnamon oils were effective against the studied fungi, presenting an inhibitory effect. The minimal inhibitory concentration for the mycelial growth of A. parasiticus was 1 and 0.01 µL mL-1 for star-anise and cinnamon oils, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration for A. parasiticus was 0.25, 2 and 2 µL mL-1 for cinnamon, star-anise and marjoram oils, respectively.

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Inhibitory effect of the essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves on some food-related bacteria

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1590/s0101-20612010000300032 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 771-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Vinicius Nogueira Trajano ◽

Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima ◽

Antônio Eustáquio Travassos ◽

Evandro Leite de Souza

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum

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Antifungal activity of Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rowher, Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees and Cinnamodendron dinisii Schwanke essential oils

10.1101/859272 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

P. Mezzomo ◽

T.L. Sausen ◽

N. Paroul ◽

S.S. Roman ◽

A.A.P. Mielniczki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Biological Interest ◽

Penicillium Crustosum

AbstractBiocompounds are promising tools with the potential to control pathogenic microorganisms. The medicinal plant species Ocotea odorifera, Ocotea puberula and Cinnamodendron dinisii, distributed along Brazilian biomes, are sources of chemical compounds of biological interest. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the essential oils of O. odorifera, O. puberula and C. dinisii essential oils upon the mycotoxin producers Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium crustosum. The essential oils where characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (CG-MS). The majority compounds identified were: safrol (39.23%) and camphor (31.54%) in O. odorifera, Beta-caryophyllene (25.01%) and spathulenol (17.74%) in O. puberula, and bicyclogermacrene (23.19%) and spathulenol (20.21%) in C. dinisii. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antifungal activity considered diameters higher than 10 mm after 72 h of incubation at 30 ºC. A. alternata presented higher resistance to O. odorifera and C. dinisii oils. The inhibitory effect of O. odorifera on A. flavus showed stabilization at oils concentrations between 50% and 80%, increasing at 90% and 100% (pure oil) treatments. We observed that the essential oils of O. odorifera and C. dinisii have potential in the control of the analyzed fungi species. The essential oil of O. odorifera presented a better activity in all the assays, which can be related to the presence of safrole and phenylpropenes, compounds with known antifungal activity.

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Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.5.2.2017.17370 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Ramschie ◽

Pieter L. Suling ◽

Krista V. Siagian

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

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Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.6.1.2018.19729 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Helen N. Sekeon ◽

Heriyannis Homenta ◽

Michael A. Leman

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Cariogenic Bacteria ◽

Group Design

Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is the most common bacterium that causes dental caries due to its ability to ferment carbohydrates into acid resulting in the decreased pH on the tooth surface. Prevention of dental caries could be achieved by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Various efforts to control and prevent the cariogenic bacteria include the usage of herbal ingredients; one of them is gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.). These gedi leaves contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. This study was aimed to prove that gedi leaf extract had inhibitory effect on the growth of S.mutans and to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on the growth of S. mutans. This was a true experimental design with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Gedi leaf extract was obtained by maceration method in 96% ethanol. The results showed that gedi leaf extract had an antibacterial effect on the growth of S. mutans. We used turbidimetry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and two times of treatment to obtain the MIC of gedi leaf extract on Streptococcus mutans which was 6.25%. Conclusion: Gedi leaf extract could inhibit the growth of S. mutans with a MIC of 6.25%.Keywords: dental caries, gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans Abstrak: Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri yang paling banyak menyebabkan karies gigi karena bakteri ini berkemampuan memfermentasi karbohidrat menjadi asam yang berakibat turunnya pH pada permukaan gigi. Pencegahan karies gigi dapat dicapai dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri kariogenik. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengen-dalikan dan mencegah bakteri kariogenik, antara lain dengan menggunakan bahan herbal; salah satunya yaitu tanaman gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.). Daun gedi mengandung senyawa bioaktif antara lain flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek inhibisi ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans dan mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Ekstrak daun gedi dibuat dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Dengan menggunakan metode turbidimetri dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dalam 2 (dua) kali perlakuan maka diperoleh KHM ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans terdapat pada konsentrasi 6,25%. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun gedi dapat meghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25%.Kata kunci: karies gigi, ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans

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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSEMARY LEAF (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) AGAINST Candida albicans

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application ◽

10.24843/jpsa.2020.v02.i01.p05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Dewa Ayu Made Adnya Swari ◽

I Wayan Martadi Santika ◽

I Gusti Made Aman

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Control Group ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Background: This study was a preliminary study aimed to investigating the in vitro activity of rosmarinic acid contained on Rosemary leaves (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) on the Candida albicans. Rosmarinic acid can be an inhibitor of the RTPase enzyme in the fungus Candida albicans. Objective: This study is expected to provide information in the development of science about the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of Rosemary leave (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) againsts C.albicans. The recent research was an laboratory experimental. Experiments on an ethanol extract of Rosemary leaves (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) and post-test design of the control group. Methods: The extraction method used in this study was a multilevel extraction method. The antifungal activity testing method uses discs and MIC methods. Replication was done six times at two concentration namely, 80% (b/v) and 100% for each measurement. Results: The data analysis was carried out using SPSS with 95% of confidence level with the Kruskal Wallis analysis then completed with the Mann Whitney U test. The results of the MIC experiment showed all the various concentrations of ethanol extract performed Candida albicans growth on the surface of the media. Extract with 80% (b/v) concentration showed greater antifungal activity. Furthermore the MIC was shown by 80% (b/v) concentration of the ethanol extract of Rosemary leaves against Candida albicans. The test results of the antifungal activity of the Rosemary leaf ethanol extract showed the presence of inhibitory diameter in the ethanol extract of the Rosemary leaf concentration of 80% (b/v) with a mean ± SD of 10.6 ± 0.57735 and RSD of 5.774%. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has an inhibitory effect on the fungus Candida albicans at a concentration of 80% (b / v) Keywords: Antifungal activity, Candida albicans, Rosemary, RTPase, ethanol extract

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Fungal inhibitory effect of Citrus Limon peel essential oil on Candida albicans

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v48.i2.p84-88 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iwan Hernawan ◽

Desiana Radithia ◽

Priyo Hadi ◽

Diah Savitri Ernawati

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Citrus Limon

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In vitro antibacterial activity of 34 plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913606006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 06006

Author(s):

Qiyu Lu ◽

Ji Liu ◽

Caihong Tu ◽

Juan Li ◽

Chunlong Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Mustard Essential Oil

To determine the antibacterial effect of 34 plant essential oils on Alternaria alternata, 34 plant essential oils such as asarum essential oil, garlic essential oil, and mustard essential oil are used as inhibition agents to isolate A. alternata from citrus as indicator bacteria, through the bacteriostasis test and drug susceptibility test, the types of essential oils with the best inhibitory effect were screened and their concentration was determined. The results showed that the best inhibition effect was mustard essential oil with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 μl/L and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 250 μl/L. Followed by the Litsea cubeba essential oil and basil oil, the minimum inhibitory concentration is 500 μl/L.

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Comparison of antifungal efficacies of moxifloxacin, liposomal amphotericin B, and combination treatment in experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w09-112 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yudum Tiftikcioğlu Deren ◽

Şengül Özdek ◽

Ayşe Kalkanci ◽

Nalan Akyürek ◽

Berati Hasanreisoğlu

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Amphotericin B ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Liposomal Amphotericin ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽

Control Group

The goal of this study was to compare in vitro and in vivo efficacy of moxifloxacin and liposomal amphotericin B (Amp-B) monotherapies and combination treatment against Candida albicans in an exogenous endophthalmitis model in rabbit eyes. Microplate dilution tests and checkerboard analysis were performed to detect in vitro efficacies. Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of C. albicans in 40 rabbit eyes with simultaneous intravitreal drug injection according to prophylactic treatment groups. Group 1 (control group) received 0.1 mL of balanced salt solution, group 2 (moxi group) 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL, group 3 (Amp-B group) 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.1 mL, and group 4 (combi group) both 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.05 mL and 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.05 mL intravitreally. Clinical examination, quantitative analysis of microorganisms, and histopathologic examination were performed as in vivo studies. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans was found to be 1 µg/mL. Moxifloxacin showed no inhibition of in vitro C. albicans growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of liposomal Amp-B for C. albicans were reduced two- to eightfold with increasing concentrations of moxifloxacin in vitro. In vivo, there was no C. albicans growth in the combi group (zero of eight eyes), whereas three eyes (37.5%) showed growth in the Amp-B group. Vitreous inflammation, retinal detachment, focal retinal necrosis, and outer nuclear layer loss were found to be lower in the moxi group compared with the control group. Ganglion cell and inner nuclear layer loss was observed in all eyes (100%) in both the moxi and combi groups, whereas only in 25% (two of eight eyes) in the Amp-B group. Moxifloxacin strongly augments the efficacy of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans in vitro, although it has no in vitro antifungal activity when used alone. It is interesting that we found a synergistic effect for in vitro tests but failed to demonstrate it in vivo. When 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL is given intravitreally, it has some toxic effects that are limited to the inner retinal layers.

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Chemical composition of essential oil in Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2018-0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liang Peng ◽

Yunhao Xiong ◽

Mei Wang ◽

Manman Han ◽

Weilan Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Quantitative Method ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Major Chemical

AbstractThe essential oil of Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru is known for its antibacterial ability. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Jiangxiangru essential oil and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of Jiangxiangru essential oil. Subsequently, the eight major chemical components were quantitatively analyzed using GC– MS, and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against S. aureus were tested. Biofilm formation was detected by crystal violet semi-quantitative method and silver staining. Of the 59 peaks detected, 29 were identified by GC–MS. Of these peaks, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol acetate, α-caryophyllene, 3-carene, and carvacryl acetate were present at a relatively higher concentration. The results of the quantitative test showed that thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were the major components of the essential oil. Among the eight reference substances, only thymol, carvacrol, and thymol acetate had lower MICs compared with the essential oil. Essential oil, carvacrol, carvacryl acetate, α-caryophyllene, and 3-carene showed the better inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation. When one fourth of the MIC concentrations were used for these substances (0.0625 mg/mL for essential oil, 0.0305 mg/mL for carvacrol, 1.458 mg/mL for carvacryl acetate, 0.1268 mg/mL for α-caryophyllene, and 2.5975 mg/mL for 3-carene), the inhibition rates were over 80%. However, thymol, γ-terpinene, thymol acetate, and p-cymene showed a relatively poor inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation. When 1× MIC concentrations of these substances were used, the inhibition rates were less than 50%. In conclusion, Jiangxiangru essential oil and its major components, carvacrol, carvacryl acetate, α-caryophyllene, and 3-carene, strongly inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus.

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