Fungal inhibitory effect of Citrus Limon peel essential oil on Candida albicans

Introduction: The combination of a natural product and a synthetic antifungal may lead to a lower dose of each individual agent and consequent reduction of adverse effects and greater pharmacological synergism. Objective: This study investigated the antifungalactivity of the essential oil (EO) from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume alone and combined with nystatin on Candida albicans growth and micromorphology. Methodology: We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FIC) and the effect of the EO alone and combined with nystatin on the growth kinetics and production of virulence-related structures by the yeasts, such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia. Results: When tested alone, the EO from C. zeylanicum andnystatin showed MIC of 312.5 μg/ml and 64 μg/ml, respectively. When combined, MIC values decreased to 39 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml for the EO and nystatin, respectively. The value of the Fractional Concentration Index (FIC) was 0.6024, indicating additivity. It could be observed that at all concentrations the products tested alone and in combination were able to reduce the number of CFU/mL, when compared to the control group (p<0.0001) from 30 min. In addition, both the products alone and combined inhibited production of pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia compared to the control. Conclusion: The combination between the essential oilfrom C. zeylanicum and nystatin potentiated the inhibitory effect on C. albicans growth. Furthermore, it reduced the production of pathogenicity-related morphological structures such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia.Key-words: Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Nystatin. Essential Oil. Natural Product. Drug synergism.

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Antimicrobial activity of four essential oils extracted from plants commonly used in traditional medicine against some clinical strains

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 22-29

Author(s):

Said Oulkheir ◽

Hadia Boumariem ◽

Hanane Dand ◽

Mohamed Aghrouch ◽

Khadija Ounine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Mentha Pulegium ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Mueller Hinton

Summary Introduction: Recently, efforts regarding the discovery of the effectual components of plants possessing antimicrobial properties are advanced. Herbal essential oils are widely used for treatment of various diseases, and they play an important role in healthcare considerations. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Cinnamomum verum, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Candida albicans and some pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs) against different microbial strains was evaluated using the disk diffusion method as well as determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and bactericidal concentration (MBC). For Candida albicans, the MFC of the plant oils was determined using a macro broth dilution assay. A range of concentrations (50 to 0.2 mg/ml) were prepared in Mueller Hinton Broth medium in flasks. Tween 80 (0.01% v/v) was included to enhance oil solubility. Each flask was inoculated with 108 CFU/ml of C. albicans. The flasks were incubated at 35°C for 48 hours. From each flask 13 μl of culture was inoculated onto Mueller-Hinton Agar plates and incubated at 35°C for 48 h. The plates were observed and the MFC was determined as the lowest concentration of plant oil completely inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. Results: The obtained results showed that all bacteria and yeasts tested were sensitive to cinnamon essential oil with an inhibition zone ranging from 22 to 39.33 mm and a MIC ranging from 0.20 mg/ml to 1.56 mg/ml. At low concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3.13 mg/ml, this essential oil has shown the most important bactericidal effect. Eucalyptus essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 21.33±1.15 mm. The antibacterial effect of mint indicates that the most sensitive bacterium is A. boumannii. However, S. enteritidis, C. albicans, K. pneumoni and P. aeruginosa are resistant germs whose inhibition diameter varies from 7.33±1.15 mm to 11.33±1.15 mm. Lavender EO has an inhibitory effect against S. aureus (20.67±1.15 mm) and an intermediate effect against Streptococcus pyogenes, Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusions: The antibacterial activity of essential oils, especially those of cinnamon against the strains studied, supports their potential use as a remedy against infectious microbial diseases.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Pulicaria undulata from Yemen

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700238 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nasser A. Awadh Ali ◽

Farukh S. Sharopov ◽

Mehdi Alhaj ◽

Gabrielle M. Hill ◽

Andrea Porzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Breast Tumor Cells ◽

Cladosporium Cucumerinum ◽

Mcf 7

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Pulicaria undulata Gamal Ed Din (syn P. oriental sensu Schwartz and P. jaubertii Gamal Ed Din) was analyzed by GC-MS. Major compounds of P. undulata oil were the oxygenated monoterpenenes, carvotanacetone (91.4%) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (2.6.%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against six microorganisms, Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans, using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The oil showed the strongest bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, as well as Candida albicans. The essential oil showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast tumor cells, with an IC50 of 64.6 ±13.7 μg/mL. Bioautographic assays were used to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect as well as antifungal activity of the oil against Cladosporium cucumerinum.

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Effects of citrus limon essential oil (Citrus limon L.) on cytomorphometric changes of Candida albicans

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i1.p43-48 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rina Prabajati ◽

Iwan Hernawan ◽

Hening Tuti Hendarti

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

New Drugs ◽

Control Group ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Antifungal Activities

Background: The most common fungal infection found in oral cavity is oral candidiasis, largely caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans (C. albicans). Candida infection can get worse since it is difficult to be treated and resistant with antifungal drugs. Therefore, new drugs and compounds as well as alternative therapies involving natural sources that have antifungal activities have continually been developed. Limonene, β-pinene, and ɣ-terpinene contained in Citrus limon essential oil have been known to have quite good antifungal activities against C. albicans. Purpose: This research aimed to examine and analyze the effects of Citrus limon essential oil on cytomorphometric changes of C. albicans. Method: The research used post test only control group design. Based on the results of the pre-elementary research on antifungal activities of Citrus limon essential oil against C. albicans, Citrus limon essential oil used in this research was on concentrations of 1.56%, 1.37%, 1.17%, 0.98%, and 0.78%. Citrus limon essential oil by C. albicans inoculum and incubated for 24 hours and 48 hours. After the incubation, those C. albicans cells were fixed, dried, and then observed using a scanning electron microscopy. Result: The most effective concentrations of Citrus limon essential oil triggering cytomorphometric changes of Candida albicans were at 1.37% and 1.56% with the incubation period of 48 hours. Conclusion: C. albicans can undergo necrosis process through cytomorphometric changes after the administration of Citrus limon essential oil at concentrations of 1.56% and 1.37% with the incubation period of 48 hours.

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The Inhibitory Effect of Iraqi Propolis Extract Against Three isolates of Candida Albicans

Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science ◽

10.22401/jnus.8.2.17 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85

Author(s):

Ghassan M. Sulaiman ◽

◽

Summaya N. Howar ◽

Batool Z. Ali ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Propolis Extract

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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis Essential Oil

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1081

Author(s):

Matilda Rădulescu ◽

Călin Jianu ◽

Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia ◽

Marius Mioc ◽

Alexandra Mioc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

In Silico ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Β Carotene

The investigation aimed to study the in vitro and in silico antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil (MOEO). The chemical composition of MOEO was determined using GC–MS analysis. Among 36 compounds identified in MOEO, the main were beta-cubebene (27.66%), beta-caryophyllene (27.41%), alpha-cadinene (4.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.09%), and alpha-cadinol (4.07%), respectively. In vitro antioxidant properties of MOEO have been studied in 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the radical scavenging abilities of ABTS and DPPH were 1.225 ± 0.011 μg/mL and 14.015 ± 0.027 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antioxidant activity. Moreover, MOEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect (94.031 ± 0.082%) in the β-carotene bleaching assay by neutralizing hydroperoxides, responsible for the oxidation of highly unsaturated β-carotene. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that the MOEO components could exert an in vitro antioxidant activity through xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition. The most active structures are minor MOEO components (approximately 6%), among which the highest affinity for the target protein belongs to carvacrol.

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Evaluation of Citrus limon peels essential oil on growth performance, immune response of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.08.023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 465 ◽

pp. 13-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Esin Baba ◽

Ümit Acar ◽

Canan Öntaş ◽

Osman Sabri Kesbiç ◽

Sevdan Yılmaz

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Edwardsiella Tarda ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Mozambique Tilapia

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Protective effect of essential oil from Citrus limon against aspirin-induced toxicity in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327118819044 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 499-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H Bouzenna ◽

N Samout ◽

S Dhibi ◽

S Mbarki ◽

S Akermi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Aspirin Group

The present study is planned to examine the antioxidant activity (AA) and the protective effect of the essential oil of Citrus limon (EOC) against aspirin-induced histopathological changes in the brain, lung, and intestine of female rats. For this purpose, 28 albino rats were classified to control group (group C), aspirin group (group A), EOC group (group EOC), and pretreatment with EOC and treated with aspirin group (group EOC + A). The antioxidant activities of EOC were evaluated by three different assays including reducing power, β-carotene, and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our results found that EOC represents, respectively (0.064 ± 0.013 and 0.027 ± 00 mg Quer E/100 µL), of flavonoid and flavonol. Then, it exhibited a potential activity of reducing power (at 300 mg/mL, which was found to be 0.82 ± 0.07), β-carotene-linoleic acid (AA% = 69.28 ± 3.5%), and scavenging of H2O2 (IC50 = 0.23 ± 0.008 mg/mL). In vivo, aspirin given to rats at the dose of 600 mg/kg body weight induced histomorphological damage in brain, lung, and intestine. However, our data found that the pretreatment with EOC offered a significant protection against the injury induced by aspirin. It can be concluded that the protective effect of EOC can be due to its antioxidant activities.

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